硒和维生素E对人白血病周期的影响

方法：应用体外细胞培养法，流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）研究硒和ＶＥ对人髓系白血病细胞株ＨＬ－６０和非髓系白血病细胞株Ｋ５６２细胞增殖和细胞周期分布的影响。结果：Ｓｅ（５～１１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）对于ＨＬ－６０，Ｋ５６２细胞的增殖均有显著性抑制作用，ＦＣＭ表明，在Ｓｅ（８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）作用６～７２ｈ后，ＨＬ－６０和Ｋ５６２细胞分别出现Ｇ１和Ｓ期阻滞现象。ＶＥ在１００～３００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内对ＨＬ－６０细胞具有显著性抑制作用，而在１０～３００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内对Ｋ５６２细胞同样具有显著性抑制作用，且呈剂量相关效应。ＶＥ（１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）作用６～７２ｈ后，ＨＬ－６０，Ｋ５６２细胞分别被阻滞于Ｓ期和Ｇ１期。值得注意的是Ｓｅ与ＶＥ对ＨＬ－６０和Ｋ５６２细胞周期分布的影响恰恰相反。结论：硒的抗癌作用和ＶＥ的抗癌作用是互补的，不能互相替代     

Wortmannin抑制PI3K途径对bcr/abl基因介导的白血病细胞增殖和凋亡抗性影响的研究

目的探讨磷酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)途径在K562、NB4和HL60细胞增殖和凋亡抗性中的不同作用。方法用磷酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)特异抑制剂Wortmannin(WT)抑制PI3K活性,经细胞生长曲线测定、半固体集落形成实验、流式细胞膜联蛋白V(Annexin-V-Flous)标记技术检测细胞凋亡百分比和凋亡指数。观察K562、NB4和HL60细胞增殖能力及凋亡抗性的变化。结果K562、NB4和HL60细胞在24、48、72h的增殖抑制率分别为41.33%、57.46%、65.85%和26.29%、5.51%、2.10%及32.14%、17.14%、13.14%。生长曲线显示WT抑制PI3K途径可显著抑制K562细胞的增殖,对NB4和HL60细胞增殖无明显影响。K562、NB4和HL60细胞加和不加WT,培养14d后的集落形成率分别为16.15%和7.60%,5.90%和6.10%,6.60%和6.40%。集落形成抑制率为52.94%、3.39%和3.03%。K562、NB4和HL60细胞加WT、AraC、WT+AraC作用24h后的凋亡细胞百分比分别为(17.27±1.94)%、(23.25±14.12)%、(17.60±1.27)%;(17.00±3.36)%、(20.55±8.57)%、(22.07±5.62)%;(27.60±4.36)%、(17.56±9.28)%、(20.50±7.97)%。凋亡指数分别为(6.88±2.66)、(7.79±2.75)、(3.03±0.56);(8.91±3.86)、(9.35±4.19)、(3.79±0.93);(13.39±4.49)、(7.61±6.35)、(5.27±2.69)。结论WT可以通过抑制PI3K通     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel 2-amino-4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-2-pyrazolino)-1,3,5-triazine derivatives

The syntheses and antitumor activities of novel 2-amino-4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-2-pyrazolino)-1,3,5-triazine derivatives 4-38 are described. All the compounds prepared were screened at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their activities against a panel of 60 tumor cell lines and relationships between structure and antitumor activity in vitro are discussed. The triazines 11, 16, 20, 23, 23 and 34-38 exhibited modest or fairly high activity against one or more human tumor cell lines. Prominent compound with remarkable activity (log GI50, < - 8.00- - 5.00) to all investigated cell lines and highly potent (log GI50 < - 8.00- - 7.64) against some cell lines of Leukemia (CCRF-CEM, K-562, RPMI-8226, SR), CNS Cancer (SF-539) and Breast Cancer (T-47D) was 2-[2-amino-4-(3,5,5-trimethyl-2-pyrazolino)-1,3,5-triazin-6-yl]-3-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)acrylonitrile (25).     

Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of triazenoindazoles and triazenopyrazoles: a comparative study

Several triazenoindazoles and triazenopyrazoles were prepared transforming the appropriate aminoindazoles and aminopyrazoles in the corresponding diazonium salts which were reacted with dimethylamine, diethylamine and pyrrolidine. All the triazenes were tested for their antiproliferative activity against K562, HL60, L1210 and MCF7 cell lines. The biological data showed that the benzocondensation plays a positive role on the antiproliferative activity. The (1)H-NMR spectra showed that the rotational barrier around the N(2)-N(3) bond in the triazene group can be influenced both by the position of this group in the indazole nucleus and by the substitution pattern in the benzene moiety.     

(+/-)-3,4-Dihydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan and derivatives: cytotoxic effect on human leukemia cell lines

Naturally occurring pterocarpans 1a,b, pterocarpan 1c, isoflavane 2 and ortho-quinone 3 were synthesized in the racemic form and their cytotoxic effect was evaluated on the human leukemia cell lines K562 (resistant to oxidative stress), Lucena-1 (MDR phenotype) and HL-60. Ortho-quinone 3 (IC(50)=1.5 microM, 1.8 microM and 0.2 microM, respectively) and catechol pterocarpan 1a (IC(50)=3.0 microM, 3.7 microM and 2.1 microM, respectively) were the most active compounds on these cells and were also evaluated on other human leukemia cell lines (Jurkat and Daudi). Ortho-quinone 3 was 2 to 10 times more potent than pterocarpan 1a, depending on the cell line considered, however, showed a greater toxicity for lymphocytes activated by PHA.     

Synthesis, crystal structures, and biological evaluation of manganese(II) and nickel(II) complexes of 4-cyclohexyl-1-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide

4-Cyclohexyl-1-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)thiosemicarbazide (HL) and its transition metal complexes formulated as [Mn(L)₂] (1) and [Ni(L)₂] (2) have been prepared in 55-75% yield and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS, NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Biological activities of the synthesized compounds have been evaluated against selected Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the K562 leukemia cell line, respectively. The cytotoxicity data suggest that these compounds may be endowed with important biological properties, especially the nickel complex 2 with MIC = 31.2 μg/mL and IC₅₀ = 0.53 μM, respectively. Effect of the free ligand and its two complexes on Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and PI-associated fluorescence intensity as well as their effect on cell apoptosis in K562 leukemia cell line was also studied. The tested compounds may exert their cytotoxicity activity via induced loss of MMP.     

Synthesis and antiproliferative activities of isoindigo and azaisoindigo derivatives

In the course of structure-activity relationship studies, diversely substituted 1-(beta- d-acetylatedglucopyranosyl)isoindigo derivatives were prepared from indolines. New 7'-azaisoindigo analogues were also synthesized by coupling a glycosylated isatine and a 7-azaindolin-2-one derivative. Compounds containing a 7'-azaisoindigo framework have never been described before. To get an insight into the substitution pattern required for the best biological potencies, their antiproliferative activities were evaluated toward a human buccal carcinoma cell line (KB) and two human myeloid leukaemia cell lines (K562, HL60).     

Synthesis of 4β-triazole-podophyllotoxin derivatives by azide-alkyne cycloaddition and biological evaluation as potential antitumor agents

A representative synthetic process of derivatizing the natural product podophyllotoxin utilizing the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is described including molecular design, reaction optimization and X-ray structure confirmation. Evaluation of cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (Hela, K562 and K562/A02) using MTT assay proves that these triazole derivatives have good antitumor activities. High activities toward the drug resistant K562/A02 cell line reveal promising future for these derivatives. The rarely prepared 1,5-disubstituted triazole isomers, which would be omitted by the "click chemistry", were found to have superior cytotoxicities to that of the 1,4-disubstituted isomers.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of cis-dichloroplatinum(II) complexes of 1-(2-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines

Fifteen cis-dichloroplatinum complexes (5a-5o) were synthesized by treatment of 1-(2-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-THIQs (4a-4o) with K(2)PtCl(4). The antitumor activity of these compounds was examined against four different human tumor cell lines. Their structure-activity relationships for antitumor activity are reported. All of these compounds exhibited activity against MCF-7 cell line and showed good activity against WiDr cell line except 5c and 5f. On the other hand, compounds 5j and 5o are more active than the other compounds against Hepa59T/VGH cell line. The electron-donating group at the 6-position of isoquinoline ring seems to decrease the antitumor activity and the chloro substituent at the C-4 position of the aniline ring shown the highest potency. The "trans influence" dominates the control of the stability of [1-(2-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-THIQ]dichloroplatinums(II).     

Biological evaluation of polyhalo 1,3-diazaheterocycle fused isoquinolin-1(2H)-imine derivatives

A series of polyhalo 1,3-diazaheterocycle fused isoquinolin-1(2H)-imines were evaluated in vitro against human tumour cell lines including A431, K562, HL60, HepG2 and Skov-3. As a result, some of the target compounds such as 5b, 5c, 5i, 5o, 6c, 6h and 7f showed stronger cytotoxicity against K562, H562 and Skov-3 cells in comparison with cisplatin, and the others displayed moderate cytotoxicity to A431 and HepG2. Biological investigations using the representative compounds 5c, 6c and 6h were also performed in mice bearing S₁₈₀ and H₂₂ tumours. The results indicated that these three compounds inhibit S₁₈₀ and H₂₂ growth. In addition, compounds 6c and 6h have very low acute toxicities. The preliminary analysis of structure-activity relationships is also discussed.     

New bis-N9-(methylphenylmethyl)purine derivatives: synthesis and antitumor activity

A series of ortho-, meta- and para-bis-N9-(methylphenylmethyl)purine derivatives 4-15 were obtained by two-step synthesis from various substituted chloropurines with alpha,alpha'-dichloroxylenes. These bis-N9-(methylphenylmethyl)purines 4-15 were evaluated for the primary cytotoxic activity against a panel of NCI-H460 (lung), MCF-7 (breast) and SF-268 (CNS) cancer cell lines. The 'active' compounds which reduced growth of cancer cells to ca. 32% or less, have been evaluated in a full panel of 60 human cancer cell lines over a 5-log dose range at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. In this series, the most activity is correlated to the compounds derived from the 2,6-dichloropurines such as bis-9-[o-(methylphenylmethyl)]2,6-dichloropurine (5), bis-9-[m-(methylphenylmethyl)]2,6-dichloropurine (8), and bis-9-[p-(methylphenylmethyl)]2,6-dichloropurine (11). In particular compound 8 exhibited high sensitivity in leukemia cell lines and compounds 5, 8 and 11 exhibited consistent high sensitivity in many breast cancer cell lines. Compound 11 was the most potent in this series and exhibited GI(50)<0.01 microM sensitivity against non-small lung cancer EKVX, colon cancer HT-29, melanoma SK-MEL-28, renal cancer RXF 393, prostate cancer DU-145 and several breast cancer HS 578T and BT-549 cell lines.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-arylamino-3-(arylsulfonyl)quinoxalines as PI3Kα inhibitors

A series of novel 2-arylamino-3-(arylsulfonyl)quinoxalines was synthesized through a newly developed approach. All synthesized target compounds were screened for their cytotoxicities against cancer cell lines including PC3, A549, HCT116, HL60 and KB. Representative compounds with favorable cytotoxicities were tested for their PI3Kα inhibitory activities. Among the synthesized target compounds, 17 (PI3Kα IC₅₀: 0.07 μM) displayed the most potent cellular activities (IC₅₀ values of 0.14 μM, 0.07 μM, 0.95 μM and 0.05 μM against PC3, A549, HCT116 and HL 60, respectively).     

Synthesis,crystal structure and initial biological evaluation of the new enantiomerically pure chiral palladium(II) complex trans-bis[endo-(1R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-heptan-2-amino]palladium(II)dichloride

The palladium(II) complex trans-bis[(R)-(+)-bornylamino]palladium(II) dichloride was synthesised and characterised. The solid state structure of the complex was determined by X-ray structure analysis. The compound crystallises in the monoclinic space group P2(1) with a=12.383(2), b=23.689(5), c=12.769(3) A, beta=93.25(3) degrees, and V=3739.6(13) A(3). The complex was tested for its cytotoxicity against L(929), K(562) and HeLa cell lines using the MTT assay technique. It is also tested for its anticomplementary activity using a test that detects complement proteins inhibition. These activities were compared with those of the reference standards, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. The significance of these results is given and discussed.     

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 1,8-diazaanthraquinones bearing 3-dialkylaminomethyl or 3-(N-alkyl- or N-aryl)carbamoyloxymethyl substituent

A series of 1,8-diazaanthraquinone derivatives carrying a 3-dialkylaminomethyl or a 3-(N-alkyl or aryl)carbamoyloxymethyl substituent was synthesised and their in vitro cytotoxic activities were evaluated against eight human cancer cell lines (HOP62, SK-OV-3, HCT-15, SF295, MCF7, SNU-354, KB-3-1 and KB-V-1). A number of compounds including 8c, 8d and 11c showed cytotoxic activity comparable to that of doxorubicin against all human cancer cell lines tested. The compounds 8c and 8d were 2-100 times more potent than doxorubicin against HCT-15, MCF7 and SNU-354 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, these compounds retained considerable cytotoxic activity against the doxorubicin-resistant cell line KB-V-1, implying their therapeutic potential to treat doxorubicin-resistant tumours. These compounds inhibited topoisomerase II-mediated DNA relaxation in vitro, suggesting that this inhibitory effect be attributable to their cytotoxicity.     

In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of platinum(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazones derived from 2-formyl and 2-acetyl pyridine and containing ring incorporated at N(4)-position: synthesis, spectroscopic study and crystal structure of platinum(II) complexes with thiosemicarbazones, potential anticancer agents

Reactions of thiosemicarbazones of 2-formyl and 2-acetyl pyridine and containing an azepane ring (hexamethyleneiminyl ring) incorporated at N(4)-position, HL(1) (1) and HL(2) (2) with platinum(II) afforded the complexes, [Pt(L(1))Cl] (3) and [Pt(L(2))Cl] (4). Characterization of the compounds was accomplished by means of elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques NMR, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy. The single-crystal X-ray structure of complex [Pt(L(2))Cl] (4) shows that the ligand monoanion coordinates in a planar conformation to the metal via the pyridyl N atom, the imine-N atom, and thiolato S-atom. Compounds 1-4 have been evaluated for antiproliferative activity in vitro against three human cancer cell lines: MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line), T24 (bladder cancer cell line), A-549 (non-small cell lung carcinoma) and a mouse L-929 (a fibroblast-like cell line cloned from strain L). Ligand 2 exhibited high activity as anticancer agent against all four cancer cell lines, while ligand 1 exhibited selectivity against MCF-7, L-929 cell lines and complex 4 against A-549, T-24 cancer cell lines. Also, the acute toxicity and antitumor activity were evaluated on leukemia P388-bearing mice. Complex 3 afforded five to six cures against leukemia P388. The in vivo results of the antitumor activity show the two platinum complexes as very effective chemotherapeutic antileukemic agents.     

低剂量辐射对脐血LAK细胞体外抗肿瘤活性的影响

目的 探讨低剂量辐射对脐血LAK细胞体外抗肿瘤活性的影响。方法 新鲜分离的脐血单个核细胞用重组白细胞介素2培养72h获取LAK效应细胞,在培养48h时给予1次不同剂量（分别为62mGy,124mGy,186mGy,248mGy）的γ射线照射,应用^3H－TdR释放实验测定LAK体外杀伤肿瘤靶细胞（K562,HL－60）活性。结果 脐血LAK细胞对K562和HL－60的杀伤活性与成人外周血相比差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。接受低剂量辐射的脐血LAK细胞K562和HL－60的细胞毒性显著高于非照射对照组（P＜0．01）。结论 脐血可作为LAK细胞的一个良好来源。低剂量辐射可增强脐血LAK杀伤肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性,从而可能用于清除微小残留病变及在脐血移植时增强移植物抗白血病效应。     

Synthesis, characterization, activities, cell uptake and DNA binding of trinuclear complex: [{trans-PtCl(NH(3))}(2)mu-{trans-Pt(NH(3))(2-hydroxypyridine)-(H(2)N(CH(2))(6)NH(2))(2)]Cl(4)

The trinuclear complex: [{trans-PtCl(NH(3))}(2)mu-{trans-Pt(NH(3))(2-hydroxypyridine)-(H(2)N(CH(2))(6)NH(2))(2)]Cl(4) (code named CH9) has been synthesized and characterized. The activity of the compound against human ovarian cancer cell lines: A2780, A2780(cisR) and A2780(ZD0473R), cell up take, level of binding with DNA and nature of its interaction with pBR322 plasmid DNA have been determined. Although the compound is found to be less active (about a half time as active as cisplatin) against the parent ovary cell line A2780, it is found to be more active than cisplatin against resistant cell lines: A2780(cisR) (3.6 times more) and A2780(ZD0473R) (3.4 times more). The higher activity of CH9 against the resistant cell lines suggests that the compound has been able to overcome multiple mechanisms of resistance operating in A2780(cisR) and A2780(ZD0473R) cell lines. Like other multicentered complexes, the compound is believed to form a range of interstrand GG adducts with duplex DNA that induces permanent global changes in the DNA conformation. This binding is different from that of cisplatin and ZD0473 that form mainly intrastrand adducts, inducing a local kink in a DNA strand. Increasing prevention of BamH1 digestion of form I and form II pBR322 plasmid DNA with the increase in concentration of CH9 provides support to the idea that global changes in DNA conformation are induced as a result of its interaction with the compound.     

Exploration of (S)-3-aminopyrrolidine as a potentially interesting scaffold for discovery of novel Abl and PI3K dual inhibitors

Based on the literature-reported compensatory effect of PI3K on Abl inhibition and the improved preclinical effect of drug combination of Abl and PI3K inhibitors, a series of compounds bearing novel scaffold of (S)-3-aminopyrrolidine was identified as Abl and PI3K dual inhibitors through support vector machine screening tool, which were subsequently synthesized and tested. Most compounds demonstrated promising cytoxicity against a CML leukemia cell-line K562 and moderate inhibition against Abl and PI3K kinases. These compounds induced no apoptosis in K562 cell-line, suggesting that their cytotoxic activities are unlikely duo to other known anti-CML mechanisms. Molecular docking study further showed that the compound 5k could bind with both Abl and PI3K, but the weaker binding with Abl compared to Imatinib is consistent with its low kinase inhibitory rates. These plus literature-reported evidences suggest that the promising cytotoxic effect of our novel compounds might be due to the collective effect of Abl and PI3K inhibition.     

Synthesis, anti-HIV-1 integrase, and cytotoxic activities of 4-chloro-N-(4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide derivatives

Several 4-chloro-N-(4-oxopyrimidin-2-yl)-2-mercaptobenzenesulfonamide derivatives 13-28 and 35-44 have been synthesized and tested as potential HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitors. Compounds 15-17, 19, 21-28, 36 and 41 inhibited IN with IC(50) values in the range of 3.3-63.0 microM. The compounds 13, 15, 16, 21-24 and 26-28 were further tested at the US National Cancer Institute for their in vitro activity against a panel of 53-57 human tumor cell lines. The compounds 26-28 were inactive, whereas the other compounds exhibited high or reasonable activity (GI(50)<0.01-20.0 microM) against one or more human tumor cell lines.