血管内介入治疗颅内微小动脉瘤

目的:评价介入治疗颅内微小动脉瘤的临床效果,选择有效的手术方式。方法:回顾性分析栓塞治疗25例颅内微小动脉瘤(直径小于3.0mm)的手术方式及效果。均在全麻下行介入治疗。术后即刻血管造影:16例单纯弹簧圈栓塞中14例100%填塞,2例95%填塞;6例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞中4例100%填塞,2例95%填塞。3例单纯支架覆盖瘤颈造影剂滞留加重。结果:单纯弹簧圈栓塞中10例复查,8例100%填塞,2例50%填塞;支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞4例复查,全部100%填塞。2例单纯支架覆盖瘤颈复查动脉瘤均不显影。结论:对颅内微小动脉瘤采取单纯使用弹簧圈或结合颅内支架栓塞是较好的治疗方法,治疗关键是治疗方法的选择和微导管的操作技术。     

Endovascular treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms

The anatomical complexity of the paraclinoid region has made surgical treatment of intracranial ophthalmic segment aneurysms (OSAs) difficult. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms. We conducted a retrospective study of 28 patients with 30 aneurysms of the paraclinoid in whom treatment with endovascular techniques was attempted. Patient age, sex, presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneurysm type, size of aneurismal sac and treatment modality were reviewed. Clinical evaluation and control angiography were performed between one and 43 months. Overall, complete occlusion was obtained in 26 aneurysms (86.6%), nearly complete (>90%) occlusion in two aneurysms (6.7%) and incomplete occlusion was observed in two aneurysms (6.7%). All endovascular techniques were successful. Procedure-related complications were observed in two patients (7.1%). Patients underwent follow-up for a mean of 14.8 months (range 1-43 months). Repeated coil treatment was performed in one patient. One patient died of massive brain infarction six days postoperatively and thus no follow-up data were available for this case. In 27 patients with follow-up studies, aneurysm closure was complete in 22 (81.5%) and incomplete in five (18.5%). Endovascular treatment is a safe and efficient alternative approach for paraclinoid aneurysms.     

糖尿病足的血管腔内治疗疗效评估

目的探讨糖尿病足（DF）不同病变部位和性质选择不同介入治疗方法的疗效分析。方法糖尿病足患者52例（65肢）,先行DSA测定病变范围及程度,按病变部位狭窄段分为髂动脉、股动脉及膝下动脉,按病变程度分为狭窄性病变及闭塞性病变。根据不同类别采用经皮腔内血管球囊成形术（PTA组）、球囊成形联合内支架植入术（支架组）及经股动脉局部药物灌注术（灌注组）治疗,观察患者术中及术后并发症、技术成功率及临床疗效。结果经造影证实65侧下肢动脉均存在动脉狭窄／闭塞性病变,病变范围1．3。25．6cm。病变部位在髂动脉、股动脉、膝以下动脉分别19、31、15个肢体。根据狭窄程度及部位分别采用眦术、球囊成形＋支架植入术、局部药物灌注（20、29、16个肢体）,技术成功率100％,没有明显并发症出现。术后7天踝肱指数（ABI）由术前的（O．40±0．16）上升至（0．69±0．15）。结论采用微创介入治疗DF具有安全、可靠等特点。根据DF不同类型和血管病变部位采用相应的介入治疗方式是保证疗效的关键。     

Endovascular treatment for renal artery stenosis

Atherosclerosis accounts for 90% of the cases of renal artery stenosis. It is an important cause of secondary arterial hypertension by means of inducing the renin-angiotensin system, volume expansion, and sympathetic activation. Despite high procedural success rate of renal artery stenting, clinical trials have shown an inconsistent outcome about improvement in hypertension. The accurate predictors identify the good indication for renal artery stenting is clinically needed. Currently, the presence of hemodynamically critical stenosis causing renal ischemia, the presence of symptoms with undoubtedly benefit from revascularization, and the assessment of procedural risk are key factors for decision making about indication of renal artery stenting.     

Endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms

We report the clinical and angiographic results of endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Over a three-year period, 80 unruptured aneurysms in 74 patients were electively treated with endovascular management. One aneurysm was diagnosed during investigations for a second ruptured aneurysm, 54 aneurysms were incidentally discovered, 18 aneurysms presented with symptoms of mass effect and seven aneurysms presented with symptoms of brain stem ischemia. Mean size of the 80 unruptured aneurysms was 12.5±8.0 mm (range, 2-39 mm). Thirty-six aneurysms (45%) were small (<10 mm), 38 aneurysms (47.5%) were large (10-25 mm), and six aneurysms (7.5%) were giant (25-39 mm). Forty-eight wide-necked aneurysms (60%) were coiled with the aid of a supporting device. The mortality rate was 1.25%, and the overall morbidity was 1.25%. Of these, one of the patients suffered a stroke, leading to severe disability (1.25%). In one patient, the aneurysm ruptured during treatment, resulting in death. Initial aneurysm occlusion was complete (100%) in 76.25% aneurysms, nearly complete (90%-98%) in 10% aneurysms and incomplete (60%-85%) in 13.75% aneurysms. Follow-up angiography was available in 67 patients with 73 treated aneurysms (91.25%) from one to 36 months (mean 9.3 months); partial reopening occurred in 7.5%, mainly large and giant aneurysms (5.5%). Additional coiling was performed in four aneurysms. There were no complications in additional treatments. At 14.1-month clinical follow-up (range, 2 to 36 months), mRS score was 0 in 78.75% patients, 1 in 10% patients, 2 in 8.75% and 3 in 1.25%. There was no aneurysmal rupture during the follow-up period. Endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms has low procedural mortality and morbidity rates.     

颅内宽颈动脉瘤应用血管内支架辅助介入治疗的临床效果观察

目的探究颅内宽颈动脉瘤应用血管内支架辅助介入治疗的效果观察。方法资料随机选自2012年1月-2014年1月在本院诊治的颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者72例,按随机数字表方法分成两组,每组36例,予微弹簧圈栓塞的作对照组,予微弹簧圈栓塞联合血管内支架辅助的作研究组,分析两组疗效、治疗相关指标、预后、并发症、复发等。结果研究组进行性头痛、嗜睡、动眼神经麻痹等8.33%、5.56%与2.78%,均比对照组27.78%、25.00%与19.44%少（P〈0.05）;研究组手术时间（50.36±4.73）min、住院时间（8.13±1.64）d均比对照组（66.24±5.36）min、（13.57±1.82）d少（P〈0.05）;同时随访1年研究组再出血5.56%、载瘤动脉狭窄2.78%等并发症比对照组25.00%、8.33%少（P〈0.05）;随访1年和2年研究组复发率11.11%、16.67%均比对照组30.56%、38.89%少（P〈0.05）;随访2年内研究组动脉瘤的完成闭塞率83.33%,比对照组63.89%高（P〈0.05）。结论对颅内宽颈动脉瘤予血管内支架辅助介入治疗效果显著,且预后生活质量良好,具有一定临床应用和研究价值。     

颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的报告并评价32例宽颈动脉瘤的治疗方法及效果。方法自2004年以来对于32例宽颈动脉瘤采取多种技术联合治疗。其中用3维电解微弹簧圈“筐篮”（GDC）技术治疗18例，用球囊载瘤动脉再塑型联合GDC栓塞12例，用支架联合GDC栓塞2例。结果使用筐篮技术治疗的18例中完全闭塞者为15例，有3例不完全闭塞；12例球囊再塑型技术治疗的动脉瘤，11例完全栓塞；2例支架加微弹簧圈栓塞，1例完全栓塞，1例近全栓塞，其中1例术后出现了一过性的神经功能障碍。全部32例无永久性神经症状并发症，31例保持载瘤动脉通畅。结论对于宽颈动脉瘤，采用多种技术联合栓塞，可取得良好效果。     

Endovascular treatment of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulae

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is a rare vascular disease, which accounts for less than 4% of all cases of intracranial DAVF. Because of the high risk of intracranial hemorrhage, patients with tentorial DAVF need aggressive treatment. Management approaches are still controversial, and endovascular treatment has emerged as an effective alternative. In the current work, we describe our experience with the endovascular approach in the treatment of these deep and complex DAVF of the tentorium. Eight patients were treated between January 2006 and July 2009. Six patients (75%) presented with intracranial hemorrhage related to the DAVF rupture. Four patients (50%) had subarachnoid bleeding and two had intraparenchymal hematoma. Endovascular treatment was performed via the transarterial route alone in five cases (62.5%), by the transvenous approach in two cases (25.0%) and in a combined procedure using both arterial and venous routes in one patient (12.5%). Complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved in all cases. The outcome at 15 months was favorable (modified Rankin scale 0-3) in seven (87.5%) patients. Complete cure of the lesion was confirmed in these cases. This paper reports on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment in tentorial DAVF management. The choice of the venous versus the arterial approach is determined by regarding different anatomical dispositions.     

Endovascular treatment of very small intracranial aneurysms

The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms 3 mm or less is considered controversial. The purpose of this study is to report angiographic and clinical results following coiling of such aneurysms and compare them to those of larger aneurysms (> 3 mm).Between November 1999 and November 2009 endovascular treatment was attempted in 956 consecutive intracranial aneurysms. Of 956 aneurysms, 111 aneurysms were very small aneurysms with a maximal diameter of 3 mm or less. We conducted a retrospective analysis of angiographic and clinical outcome following coiling of very small aneurysms and subsequently comparing it to the results of larger aneurysms.Coiling initially failed in eight aneurysms. In the remaining 103 aneurysms endovascular treatment was accomplished and immediate angiographic results showed complete aneurysm occlusion in 43 aneurysms, nearly complete aneurysm occlusion in 54 aneurysms and less than 90% aneurysm occlusion in six aneurysms. Complications occurred in the treatment of 15 aneurysms, including eight procedural ruptures, six thromboembolic events and one case of early hemorrhage. Compared with larger aneurysms, treatment of very small aneurysms was associated with a higher rate of procedural ruptures (7.2% versus 4.4%) and procedural mortality (4.7% versus 2.7%) but a lower procedural morbidity (1.9% versus 4.0%). However none of these differences reached statistical significance (p = 0.186, p= 0.388, respectively). The retreatment rate was higher for the larger aneurysms (8.2% and 6.3%), but this was not significant either (p= 0. 496). At nine-month follow-up significantly more small aneurysms were found to have a stable occlusion grade compared to large aneurysms.Endovascular treatment of very small aneurysms is feasible with a lower retreatment rate compared to large aneurysms (> 3 mm). However the data also suggest that endovascular treatment of very small aneurysms might be associated with an increased risk of procedural ruptures and mortality. At nine-month follow-up results indicate significantly less compaction in the very small aneurysms.     

Endovascular treatment and neurointensive care of ruptured aneurysms

The acute management of aneurysmal SAH requires a comprehensive approach entailing acute critical care and stabilization, occlusion of the aneurysm, and intensive care management of acute neurologic complications. The development of endovascular treatment of aneurysms has added an important, less-invasive treatment to the regimen available in treating aneurysms. An integrated approach of providing critical care before, during, and after the occlusion of the aneurysm is an important concept that should be the goal. Debate and controversy remains regarding which aneurysms are best suited to endovascular treatment or to surgical treatment; an evolving experience and clinical trials will provide further guidance. Nonetheless, some aneurysms may require both surgery and endovascular treatment. Finally, close neurologic observation and directed specialized monitoring techniques are required for providing directed critical care in the acute period after SAH.     

血管内栓塞治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的血管内栓塞治疗方法。方法对28例SDAVF患者行血管内经导管Onyx胶栓塞治疗,观察疗效。结果 SDAVF完全栓塞率100%。术后随访6个月~3年,治愈20例,改善4例,无明显变化2例,失访2例。结论血管内栓塞技术是治疗SDAVF的有效方法。术后系统的抗凝治疗极其重要,对单瘘口病变患者推荐介入治疗。     

锁骨下动脉起始段狭窄与闭塞的血管内治疗

目的探讨应用血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉起始段狭窄或闭塞的有效治疗方法。方法局麻下,以Seldinger技术穿刺股动脉,置入8F导管鞘,全身肝素化,用5F Pigtail导管、单弯导管行主动脉弓及全脑血管造影。将8F导引导管置于病变锁骨下动脉近端,选择合适球囊扩张狭窄部位。撤出球囊导管,将支架递送系统沿导丝送入狭窄段,路图下准确定位并释放支架。对于锁骨下动脉闭塞患者,将8F导引导管置于闭塞锁骨下动脉近端,用泥鳅导丝小心反复试探至通过闭塞段,再重复上述步骤。若导丝始终不能通过闭塞段,则行肱动脉逆行穿刺,置入7~8F导管鞘,用泥鳅导丝在单弯管配合下小心反复试探逆行开通闭塞段,同法行逆行球囊扩张与支架置入。结果 15例成功植入支架,1例未成功;支架植入后所有患者肱动脉及桡动脉搏动良好,临床症状改善;成功植入支架的15例中有1例12个月后再狭窄,再次植入1枚支架,其余患者随访24个月未见再狭窄;所有患者围手术期未见与手术有关的并发症。结论应用血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法,有望成为主要的治疗手段。     

Endovascular transvenous treatment for superficial intracranial arteriovenous malformations

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and outcomes of transvenous endovascular embolization (TVE) for superficial intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).MethodsAfter collecting clinical and imaging data, a prospective series of 11 patients presenting with superficial AVMs were treated by endovascular embolization using a transvenous approach between November 2016 and October 2018.ResultsTen patients (90.9%) had ruptured AVMs before TVE. The mean nidus size was 3.27 ± 1.47 cm, and the median Spetzler-Martin grade was II. The rate of immediate angiographic occlusion of the AVMs was 90.9% (10/11). One patient was treated with transarterial embolization since TVE was not achieved due to an unsuccessful positioning of the microcatheter. Two patients (cases 8 and 11) suffered a intracranial hemorrhage and a cerebral infarction with encephaledema, respectively, but no procedure-related mortalities were observed. Eight patients (72.7%) were independent with a modified Rankin Score (mRS) ≤ 2 at discharge and the mRSs of all patients, which were collected 30 days postintervention, were not more than 2. The mean follow-up period was 17 months. There were no nidus recurrences during the follow-up period.ConclusionsThe curative transvenous embolization of superficial AVMs seems feasible and effective while carefully monitoring for embolization-related complications.     

膝下动脉假性动脉瘤的腔内治疗并文献回顾

目的 评估腔内治疗膝下假性动脉瘤的临床疗效.方法 解放军总医院血管外科自2010年4月至2011年7月对3例膝下假性动脉瘤患者采用腔内治疗,其中2例为外伤性胫前动脉假性动脉瘤,1例为白塞病所致胫腓干假性动脉瘤.手术均在局麻下进行,X线透视下覆膜支架在破口处经球囊扩张后释放,封闭动脉瘤,之后造影观察支架位置变化、瘤腔封闭情况及远端动脉血流情况.结果 修复胫腓干假性动脉瘤时支架远端刺破腓动脉,遂转行弹簧圈支架内栓塞,其余2例均成功完成支架置入.术后随访2-15个月,患肢均可负重活动.2例支架成功置入的患者超声或CT造影均显示支架内通畅性良好.结论 覆膜支架治疗膝下假性动脉瘤早期效果确切,适宜临床中开展.但对于白塞病血管病变,支架置入需慎重.其远期结果尚待进一步观察.     

Endovascular treatment of arteriovenous malformation in a child

Arteriovenous malformations are direct communications between the arterial and venous circulations without the usual passage through the capillary net. They are the most frequent type of malformations of the intracranial circulation and the second most frequent cause of intracranial hematomas or hemorrhage. We report on a 7-year-old girl with intracerebral hematoma following acute rupture of an arteriovenous malformation. The girl experienced a spontaneous headache and later became unconscious. At the time of admission to the hospital, her neurological status scored 5 on the Glasgow Coma Scale. Computerized tomography of the brain revealed a round hyperdense lesion in the left frontoparietal region. Digital subtractional angiography of the left internal carotid artery confirmed the suspicion of an arteriovenous malformation with one main feeding artery: a distal branch of the left anterior cerebral artery. The nidus was round and about 2 cm in diameter. The venous drainage was of the superficial type, flowing into the left superior sagittal sinus. After consultation with a neurosurgeon, we decided to treat the arteriovenous malformation by means of an endovascular technique. A flow-guided catheter was placed close to the nidus. Control angiography before embolization revealed the proper position for the injection of embolic material. We used the conventional mixture of acrylic polymerization glue, Lipiodol oil contrast medium and particles of tantalum powder. Control angiography at the end of the procedure revealed complete occlusion of the malformation. There were no signs of potential new feeding arteries that could appear as a result of changed hemodynamic conditions after embolization. Endovascular treatment of arteriovenous malformations could become the treatment of choice for these lesions, especially in combination with radiosurgery. The established microsurgical treatment is very effective but carries a higher risk of hemorrhagic complications.     

Endovascular treatment of iatrogenic aortic injury after spinal surgery

Abstract

A 59-year-old female presented to our institution with paraparesis caused by medullar compression secondary to multiple myeloma. Spinal cord decompression and transpedicular spine fixation were performed. A month later, the patient complained of sudden pain in her middle back. A CT scan revealed screw impingement on the aortic wall at T8 level. A thoracic stent-graft was deployed before removing the fixation. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, without complications during the four-year follow-up. In this case report, stent-graft placement proved to be safe and effective in avoiding bleeding during screw removal.     

Endovascular stent implantation for treatment of peripheral artery disease

Endovascular stent implantation is a rapidly emerging technology for treatment of arterial obstructions in the entire circulation. During recent years, several randomized studies evaluated the effects of stenting in lower limb arteries. We herein provide an overview on data of trials in the iliac and femoropopliteal vessel area discussing the benefits and limitations of endovascular stents. In the iliac arteries, midterm and long-term data from one randomized trial including analysis on patency, clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness and quality of life indicate that balloon angioplasty with selective stenting remains the therapy of choice for endovascular revascularization. In the femoropopliteal arteries, balloon-expanding stents were not superior to balloon angioplasty for treatment of short lesions, and self-expanding nitinol stents also failed to show a beneficial effect in short lesions below 5 cm. However, including longer lesions, one randomized trial indicated a beneficial effect of nitinol stents in lesions with a median length around 10-12 cm. Further studies and longer follow-up intervals are needed to confirm these data. Meanwhile, balloon angioplasty with optional stenting also remains the recommended endovascular approach for the femoropopliteal segment.     

Onyx血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸型

目的 探讨Onyx胶在治疗脑动静脉畸形中的应用价值。方法采用Onyx-18胶栓塞治疗17例脑动静脉畸形患者,畸形血管团大小均在3cm以上,其中6cm及以上者11例,所有畸形血管团为多支血管供血。结果17例BAVM中达到完全（100％）栓塞者9例,治愈率为53％,包括Ⅱ级全部和Ⅲ级5例患者;栓塞80％者6例,包括Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级3例,Ⅴ级1例;50％者2例,均为Ⅴ级患者。全组无死亡和神经功能缺失等并发症。结论Onyx胶是治疗脑动静脉畸形较为理想的栓塞材料,但需注意掌握栓塞技巧,减少并发症的发生。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的　探讨电解可脱性弹簧圈 (guglielmidetachablecoil,GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法及效果。方法　颅内动脉瘤共 11例 ,其中男 5例 ,女 6例 ,年龄 2 3～ 6 5岁。颈内动脉瘤 4例 ,后交通支动脉瘤 4例 ,前交通支动脉瘤 3例 ,动脉瘤直径最小为 4mm ,最大为 2 3mm ,所有患者均采用GDC材料进行栓塞。结果　 10 0 %栓塞 7例 ,90 %～ 99%栓塞 3例 ,70 %～ 90 %栓塞 1例 ,术后随访 1～ 12个月 ,无一例再出血。结论　血管内栓塞治疗动脉瘤是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗方法 ,使用GDC栓塞材料操作方便、手术并发症少。