SNAP-25基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达与鉴定

目的：构建SNAP-25基因的原核表达载体pET22b—SNAP-25,对表达产物活性进行初步鉴定。方法：根据GenBank中已报道的SNAP-25基因序列,设计特异引物,通过RT—PCR从小鼠全脑组织总RNA中得到基因。将全长基因克隆至原核表达载体pET22b中,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌E.coli如BL21感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经Ni—NTA亲和层析进行纯化。通过SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹对其进行鉴定,并对该蛋白进行活性的初步分析。结果与结论：成功构建了原核表达载体pET22b—SNAP-25,Western印迹证实重组蛋白获得表达。表达的重组蛋白与A型肉毒毒素混合反应,经SDS—PAGE验证,重组蛋白具有被毒素特异性切割的活性。     

功能未知基因LOC410296的表达载体构建及小鼠抗血清制备

目的：为深入研究功能未知基因LOC401296,首先获取其全长序列,实现LOC401296分子的真核和原核表达,并制备针对 LOC401296蛋白的抗血清。方法采用 PCR 方法克隆 LOC401296编码区全长序列,利用pET28B和pCMV-Myc质粒构建LOC401296原核表达和真核表达载体,用异丙基硫代半乳糖苷（ IPTG）诱导目的蛋白原核表达,目的蛋白经纯化、复性后免疫小鼠制备抗血清。结果 PCR克隆得到LOC401296编码区全长序列,成功构建LOC401296原核及真核表达载体,IPTG诱导目的蛋白在大肠杆菌体内表达,用纯化蛋白免疫小鼠获得抗人LOC401296蛋白血清, ELISA检测抗血清效价达1∶64000,Western印迹证实LOC401296真核表达载体成功表达且抗血清特异性良好。结论获得LOC401296基因编码区全长序列,成功构建了LOC401296基因表达载体,分别在大肠杆菌和真核细胞内实现LOC401296蛋白原核表达和真核表达,获得小鼠抗人LOC401296蛋白抗血清,为LOC401296基因功能研究奠定了基础。     

蜘蛛牵引丝蛋白MaSp1原核表达载体构建及其在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

目的通过基因工程手段实现牵引丝关键组成蛋白MaSp1在大肠杆菌中的异源表达,并对其进行分离纯化,从而建立基因工程蜘蛛丝基因序列串联拼接、载体构建以及原核表达与纯化的关键技术体系。方法利用同尾酶连接法对合成的基因工程蜘蛛丝基因单体序列进行串联拼接,获得多倍串联体克隆重组子,将鉴定正确的多倍串联体克隆重组子与原核表达载体pET28a（＋）连接,转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导其表达,表达产物通过SDS-PAGE和Western印迹进行鉴定。在此基础上对工程菌进行高密度发酵,所获蛋白通过硫酸铵分级分离方法进行纯化。结果与结论成功构建了基因工程蜘蛛丝MaSp1多串联体的表达载体,原核表达蛋白的相对分子质量与预期一致,且纯化的目的蛋白纯度达80%以上。上述研究工作为开展基因工程蜘蛛丝蛋白的规模化制备建立了关键技术方法,并为后续基因工程蜘蛛丝的人工纺丝提供必要的前提和工作基础。     

CT抗原NY-ESO-1基因克隆、表达及纯化

目的:利用大肠杆菌表达人CT抗原NY-ESO-1,对表达产物进行Western印迹鉴定和纯化,为今后利用其进行肿瘤疫苗的研究奠定基础.方法:通过全基因拼接获得NY-ESO-1基因,构建重组表达载体NY-ESO-1-pET28a( ),在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中利用IPTG诱导获得表达,利用单克隆抗体进行Western印迹鉴定,通过Ni柱亲和纯化获得纯化蛋白.结果与结论:拼接的NY-ESO-1全基因经测序证明与GenBank中人的NY-ESO-l全基因完全相符;构建的原核表达载体NY-ESO-1-pET28a( )可稳定地可溶性表达NY-ESO-1蛋白;经Ni柱亲和纯化获得较好的纯化结果;利用鼠抗人单克隆抗体对表达的蛋白进行验证,结果显示阳性.本研究成功利用原核表达系统实现了对CT抗原NY-ESO-1的可溶性表达.     

小鼠附睾分泌蛋白Spink12的原核表达与纯化

目的原核表达带有His标签的小鼠附睾蛋白Spink12,对表达产物进行鉴定和纯化,以研究Spink12的免疫避孕效果。方法提取小鼠附睾组织总RNA,RT-PCR扩增不含信号肽的Spink12蛋白编码序列,以NdeⅠ和EcoRⅠ酶切后,将其连入原核表达载体pET28(a);经酶切和测序鉴定正确的重组质粒pET28(a)-Spink12,转化大肠埃希菌BL21感受态细胞。融合蛋白经IPTG诱导表达,产物经SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blotting免疫印迹鉴定。用Ni-NTA在非变性条件下利用不同的咪唑梯度浓度纯化融合蛋白6×His-Spink12。结果酶切和测序结果显示成功构建出原核表达载体pET28(a)-Spink12。重组质粒转化大肠埃希菌BL21并经IPTG诱导,SDS-PAGE电泳显示表达出约9kD的融合蛋白6×His-Spink12,与理论分子量相符。融合蛋白的表达量占菌体蛋白总量的23.5%。用抗His单克隆抗体进行Western blotting免疫印迹鉴定,检测到同样大小的条带。经纯化获得较高纯度的融合蛋白6×His-Spink12,纯度达91.1%。结论成功表达并纯化了融合蛋白6×...     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7毒力蛋白NleB1的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的：构建肠出血性大肠杆菌（ EHEC） O157∶H7毒力蛋白nleB1基因的原核表达载体,诱导表达重组蛋白,制备NleB1的抗血清。方法从EHEC O157∶H7 EDL933株的全基因组中PCR扩增出编码nleB1的990个碱基序列,构建原核表达载体pET24a-nleB1,将构建的重组表达载体的质粒pET24a-nleB1转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞中,利用异丙硫半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导融合蛋白His-NleB1表达,并利用镍柱进行亲和层析纯化和切胶纯化,以纯化后的融合蛋白His-NleB1为抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,获得抗血清。 Western印迹和ELISA法鉴定获得的抗血清。结果成功构建了pET24a-nleB1原核表达载体,纯化得到融合蛋白His-NleB1,进而免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,Western印迹和ELISA法证实多克隆抗体制备成功。结论成功获得了EHEC O157∶H7的毒力蛋白NleB1的多克隆抗体,为研究EHEC O157∶H7毒力蛋白NleB1的功能奠定了基础。     

人前列腺干细胞抗原的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

目的 构建包含人前列腺干细胞抗原(PSCA)的原核表达质粒,并进行诱导表达、蛋白纯化及鉴定.方法 通过PCR扩增人PSCA基因片段,与过渡载体pGEM-T Easy连接后进行测序鉴定,鉴定正确后,将PSCA基因片段酶切并插入含有谷胱甘肽s-转移本科GST标签的原核表达载体pET42a,得到重组质粒pET42a-PSCA.将pET42a-PSCA转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下表达GST-PSCA融合蛋白,用Glutathione-Sepharose 4B柱对融合蛋白进行纯化,纯化产物进行SDS-PAGE及Western blotting鉴定.结果 PSCA基因的PCR产物大小与预期相符,测序结果与GenBank 中的PSCA序列一致.pET42a-PSCA原核表达质粒构建正确,SDS-PAGE及Western blotting检测显示融合蛋白诱导表达成功,分子量大小约为43kD.结论 成功构建了人PSCA的原核表达质粒,能在BL21菌株中表达,且纯化后得到较高纯度的GST-PSCA融合蛋白,为后续抗前列腺癌基因疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

Acrp30基因的克隆、序列分析及在大肠杆菌中的表达

目的 :克隆人Acrp30基因 ,并在大肠杆菌中表达。方法 :提取人脂肪组织总RNA ,经RT_PCR扩增目的cDNA片段 ,进行核苷酸序列分析 ;将该基因克隆入原核表达载体pQE_30 ,在大肠杆菌M15中表达 ,用Ni2 + 固相化的螯合SepharoseFastFlow亲和层析纯化重组蛋白 ;并用Western印迹检测所制备多克隆抗体的特异性。结果 :从人脂肪组织总RNA中扩增得到 736bp的目的cDNA ,其序列与已报道的序列完全一致 ,并在大肠杆菌中成功获得高水平表达 ,蛋白相对分子质量大约为 30× 10 3,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的 15 %左右。重组蛋白经Ni2 + 固相化的螯合SepharoseFastFlow亲和层析纯化 ,纯度 >90 %。Western印迹试验证实所制备多克隆抗体具有较高特异性。结论 :本研究为进一步探讨Acrp30在肥胖症和糖尿病患者中的表达情况以及Acrp30的作用机制奠定基础     

乙型脑炎病毒NS5蛋白的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的表达纯化乙型脑炎病毒非结构蛋白NS5,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法通过PCR法扩增编码NS5蛋白的全长基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET28a中,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）进行诱导表达,并通过Ni柱亲和层析纯化重组蛋白。用纯化后的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c鼠制备多克隆抗体。采用间接免疫荧光法检测抗体效价,Western印迹鉴定抗体的特异性。结果与结论成功获得了可溶性表达的NS5蛋白,制备了多克隆抗体,效价为1∶1000,能够特异性识别乙型脑炎病毒感染细胞中表达的NS5蛋白,为进一步研究NS5蛋白的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

人细胞外基质磷酸糖蛋白MEPE的表达纯化及抗体制备

目的 原核表达、纯化人细胞外基质磷酸糖蛋白(Mepe)基因,并制备多克隆抗体.方法 设计出扩增人Mepe全长基因的特异引物,通过PCR扩增出该基因片段,测序正确后插入到含GST基因的原核表达载体pGEX-KG中,以IPTG诱导表达,并经谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠纯化融合蛋白;用纯化的蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,用ELISA测定抗体的效价,Western印迹鉴定抗体的特异性.结果 原核表达了人Mepe全长基因,纯化了MEPE蛋白,并获得了抗MEPE的多克隆抗体,抗体效价达到1∶25 600,Western印迹结果显示,该抗血清能够特异识别原核及真核细胞表达的MEPE蛋白.结论 MEPE蛋白能够诱导小鼠产生具有较高效价和特异性的多克隆抗体,为进一步研究MEPE的功能奠定了基础.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.