藜蒿茎叶中6种元素的测定分析

目的：研究红、白藜蒿茎叶中钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌等6种元素含量及其差异性。方法：用原子吸收法测定红、白藜蒿茎叶中6种元素含量，对测定结果进行比较分析。结果：钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌含量的测定结果分别为：白藜蒿茎部含量分别为9416、2785、139．4、138．3、22．6、146．7mg／kg，白藜蒿叶部的含量分别为3487、1338、23．3、25．0、7．65、51．7mg／kg，红藜蒿茎部的含量分别为8230、2068、103．7、140．0、36．2、102．8mg／kg，红藜蒿叶部的含量分别为5460、2010、55．1、36．0、24．5、90．1mg／kg。结论：藜蒿中6种元素含量丰富，红、白藜蒿中茎部6种元素含量均大于叶部，红藜蒿与白藜蒿茎、叶中6种元素含量有较大差异。．     

虎皮兰中营养元素含量的测定

采用火焰法对虎皮兰中的营养元素进行测定,结果表明：虎皮兰中含有铜、锌、铁、锰、钾、钠、镁、钙等营养元素,其中钙含量最高,为172．85mg／g,镁含量次之,为42．87mg／g,钾、铁、锰的含量也较高,分别为钾0．1212mg／g,铁0．1066mg／g,锰0．0770mg／g。为进一步深入研究虎皮兰提供科学的理论依据。     

1998-2007年攀枝花市生活饮用水水源中铁含量检测分析

[目的]探讨攀枝花市城市生活饮用水水源金沙、江攀枝花段江水中铁含量变化趋势。[方法]1998～2007年于枯水期、丰水期分别对8个大水厂的水源水进行检测。[结果]检测的所有水样中铁含量均超过集中式供水饮用水地表水源地铁含量限值（≤0．3mg／L）。8个水厂水源水1998～2007年各年均值,枯水期为（0．68～1．36）mg／L,丰水期为（5．99～13．31）mg／L;各水厂,10年均值,枯水期为（0．62～1.46）mg／L．丰水期为（7．44～9．64）mg／L）,均有在金沙江穿越城市过程中从上游至下游逐渐增高的趋势（P〈0．01）。全部水样均值,丰水期为（8．55±2．32）mg／L,枯水期为（0．92±0．38）mg／L（P〈0．01）。[结论]攀枝花市各水厂来自金沙江的水源水铁含量均超过国家标准,随着城市工业化的发展水源水中铁含量随之升高。     

藏族成年男子膳食中铁的吸收状况研究

目的：了解藏族成年男子膳食中铁的吸收利用，为修订膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)和改善铁的营养状况提供理论依据。方法：选择15名藏族成年健康男子给予代表性试验膳进行14d代谢平衡实验，收集血液样品测定铁营养状况指标，采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定受试者的膳食、饮水、粪便、尿液样品中铁的含量。结果：受试者的铁营养状况正常、稳定。铁摄入量为61．96mg／d，粪铁排出量为42．16mg／d，尿铁排出量为6．95mg／d；铁表观吸收率为32．02％；铁表观利用率为20．79％，高于现行的DRIs的制订依据。结论：代表性膳食中铁的摄入量可满足受试者的需要量。     

原子吸收法测定31种蔬菜水果中的微量元素含量

目的了解西安市市售常见蔬菜水果中微量元素含量,为指导人们的健康饮食提供参考数据。方珐采用原子吸收光谱法测定26种蔬菜和5种水果中的钙、镁、锌、铁、锰、铜、铅等元素含量。结果样品中钙含量前三位的蔬菜为白蒿、芹菜、青菜,钙含量最高的水果为橙子;镁含量前三位的蔬菜为白蒿、红薯、菠菜,镁含量最高的水果为香蕉;铁含量最高的蔬菜、水果分别为白蒿、菠萝;锌含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为莴笋和苹果;铜元素含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为红薯和苹果;锰含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为生姜和菠萝;铅含量前三位的蔬菜是平菇、莲花白和莴笋。钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰含量的变化范围分别为18．64～2728．35mg／kg、46．03～572．28mg／kg、1．45～141．46mg／kg、8．25～83．67mg／kg、0．01～4．659mg／kg、0．124～43．383mg／kg、0．148～8．384mg／kg。结论不同蔬菜、水果中微量元素含量差别较大,人们应该合理膳食、平衡营养。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪检测豆制品中硼含量及其来源分析

目的建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪（ICP．OES）快速检测豆制品中硼含量的方法。方法样品经直接溶剂超声提取后，用ICP—OES直接测定，选择249．677nm作为硼元素的测定波长，进样速率为1．5mL／min。结果该方法在1．00～10．0mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系，相关系数为0．9994，平均回收率为96．1％-103．6％，相对标准偏差为2．01％一4．12％，检测限（以硼计）为0．17mg／kg。采用该方法对豆制品中的大豆、水、盐卤、熟石膏4种原料（各15份样品）进行硼含量检测，结果显示，4种原料中以大豆中的平均硼含量最高，为17．57mg／kg，其次为熟石膏1．34mg／kg、盐卤为0．77mg／kg、水中硼含量为0．33mg／L。建议豆制品硼本底值为2．08mg／kg。结论该方法回收率、精密度和检测限均能满足实验要求，适用于当前快速检测工作。大豆中的硼含量是豆制品中硼的主要来源，因此在对豆制品硼含量的日常监测中，应充分考虑豆制品的高硼本底值。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定辣椒制品中苏丹色素含量

采用高效液相色谱法快速测定辣椒制品中的苏丹色素含量。样品中的苏丹着色剂用乙腈提取后。再经浓缩过滤，直接用反相液相色谱测定。该方法具有良好的稳定性、重现性和准确性。检测低限为0．5mg／kg，线性范围为0．5mg／L～5．0mg／L，标准曲线相关系数0．99986，回收率为80．3％～101％，相对标准差(RS)小于9．8％。     

分光光度法间接测定白酒中甜蜜素

目的：探讨研究一种适用于白酒样品中的甜蜜素测定方法。方法：用乙醚将甜蜜素从酸化后的样品中提取出来，挥去乙醚，通过测定其与亚硝酸酯化后生成的硫酸根含量间接测定甜蜜素。结果：线性范围0～0．35g／kg，方法最低检出限0．02g／kg，加标回收率为86．7％-105％，精密度RSD为8．58％（0．060g／L）、3．75％（0．250g／L）与3.66％（0．500g／L）。结论：方法成功应用于白酒样品的测定，结果满意。     

离子色谱法测定血液透析浓缩液中K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+

目的：本文应用离子色谱法测定血液透析浓缩液中K^＋、Na^＋、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋ 含量。方法：选用CS12A阳离子分析柱，CG12A保护柱，20mmoL／L甲基磺酸淋洗液，流速为1．00mL／min，电导检测器。将样品溶液稀释后，经0.45μm滤膜过滤后直接进样测定。结果：本方法相关性好（r=0．9999），精密度高（R5D％〈6.00），样品加标平均回收率为96．5％～103.2％，各阳离子的最低检出限为Na^＋：0．01mg／L、K^＋：0．02mg／L、Mg^2＋：0.05mg／L、Ca^2＋：0．05mg／L。结论：该方法操作简便、准确、灵敏，应用范围广，具有较高的实用价值。     

ICP-OES法同时测定螺旋藻中11种矿物元素的含量

目的建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-OES)法同时测定螺旋藻中11种矿物元素含量的方法。方法螺旋藻经消解后,采用ICP-OES法测定消解液中11种矿物元素的含量。结果钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰、铬、镉、铅11种元素的检出限分别为1.32 mg/L、0.85 mg/L、0.10 mg/L、0.01 mg/L、0.11 mg/L、0.18 mg/L、0.001 mg/L、0.001 mg/L、1.36μg/L、0.85μg/L、6.47μg/L,线性关系良好(r≥0.999),相对标准偏差(RSD)均≤5.25%,加标回收率为95.6%~105.4%。结论本方法准确、灵敏、简便,适用于螺旋藻中矿物元素含量的检测。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.