高原藏族与平原汉族高血压和血脂异常患病率的比较

目的了解四川省高原地区藏族人群高血压及血脂异常的患病情况,并与平原地区汉族人群患病情况比较,为两病的防治提供依据。方法按1：1的比例,分别选择居住在理塘县（海拔4000m以上）藏族及成都市（海拔500m）汉族被调查者各284人,调查其高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率,测定其血压和血脂。结果与汉族相比,藏族人群高血压患病率明显升高,而高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率明显偏低;藏族人群高甘油三酯血症患病率低于汉族,但低HDL—C血症患病率高于汉族,混合性高脂血症及高胆固醇血症患病率与汉族比较无显著差异。结论应大力加强对高原高危人群的检查及干预,积极开展全民健康教育,降低高原藏族人群高血压及血脂异常的患病率。     

不同海拔地区高血压患者血清IGFII的变化

目的 :探讨不同海拔高血压患者血清胰岛素样生长因子 (IGFII)的含量变化。方法 :采用放射免疫检测不同海拔组高血压患者及相应对照组。结果 :不同海拔组高血压患者血清IGFII水平均高于其对照组 ,其中低海拔组及高海拔组差别有显著性 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 0 1) ,中度海拔对照组血清IFGII高于高海拔对照组。结论 :高血压病患者血清IGFII的合成及分泌是增加的 ,另久居高原的正常人也有所增加     

藏族原发性高血压家系正常儿童胰岛素及胰岛素敏感性的研究

本文对我国高血压患病率高、遗传背景较一致的藏族人群进行研究 ,探讨藏族高血压家族的儿童在发生高血压之前血胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗情况。作者选择 1 997年 6月至 1 998年 8月在拉萨地区拉萨雪居委会、拉萨郊区堆龙县藏族居民进行高血压的整群调查 ,建立原发性高血压的家族系图及正常血压对照家系图 ,共选取高血压家系5 3个 ,实际调查人数 40 1例 ,最后入选高血压家系的儿童 47例和正常血压家系儿童 2 1例 ,采用病例对照研究方法进行研究。结果高血压家系的儿童空腹血糖略高于对照组 ,但是未达到差别有显著性。高血压家系儿童空腹胰岛素水平…     

胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1、抵抗素对妊娠期高血压诊断及严重程度判断价值

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1、抵抗素对妊娠期高血压的诊断及严重程度判断的价值。方法将石家庄市第二医院自2016年7月至2018年6月收治的144例妊娠期高血压患者纳入B组,将同期收治的30例正常孕妇纳入A组。比较A、B两组研究对象羊水胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1、抵抗素水平,以及不同程度妊娠期高血压患者羊水胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1、抵抗素水平。结果 B组胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ(16.34±4.57)ng/ml,低于A组的(21.68±1.43)ng/ml;B组胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(186.84±33.45)ng/ml,高于A组的(145.43±11.45)ng/ml;B组抵抗素(0.86±0.25)μg/ml,高于A组的(0.46±0.16)μg/ml。两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。妊娠期高血压、轻度子痫前期、重度子痫前期胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ分别为(19.64±2.95)ng/ml、(14.84±1.83)ng/ml、(12.64±1.65)ng/ml,随着病情加重,胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ水平呈下降趋势;胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1分别为(156.53±9.34)ng/ml、(186.45±13.45)ng/ml、(224.64±19.43)ng/ml,随着病情加重,胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1水平呈上升趋势;抵抗素分别为(0.68±0.19)μg/ml、(0.86±0.25)μg/ml、(0.97±0.32)μg/ml,随着病情加重,抵抗素水平呈上升趋势。组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅱ、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1、抵抗素对妊娠期高血压的诊断及严重程度判断具有一定的临床价值。     

青海海西地区(4～17)岁人群先天性心脏病分布现状

目的:分析青海海西地区儿童青少年(4~17)岁人群先天性心脏病(CHD)的现状和分布特点。方法:采用整体普查方法,对青海省海西地区67663名幼儿园、中小学(4~17)岁在校学生进行流行病学调查。结果:先天性心脏病总患病率为5.22‰,男性为3.93‰,女性为6.63‰,男女患病率有显著性差别(P<0.005)。在CHD的类型上,房间隔缺损(ASD)患病率最高,为0.21%,占CHD总数的40%,其次依次为动脉导管未闭(PDA)、室间隔缺损(VSD)及其他类型,不同病种之间患病率有显著性差别,(2=94.561,P<0.05)。不同市、县的患病率都兰县为8.65‰,天峻县为7.99‰,德令哈市为6.51‰,乌兰县为4.63‰,格尔木市为3.66‰,茫崖、冷湖、大柴旦等行政区为2.42‰,患病率有随海拔增高而增高的趋势,但无统计学差别。不同民族患病率,汉族为5.08‰,少数民族为5.46‰,其中蒙古族为7.86‰,土族为7.81‰,藏族为6.20‰,回族为4.32‰,撒拉族为1.48‰,除撒拉族患病率与蒙古族、藏族有显著性差别外(2=6.704,P=0.01,2=4.676,P=0.031),其余民族间患病率相互没有差别。结论:青海省海西地区先天性心脏病存在区域性、民族、性别差别性。     

自发性高血压大鼠内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽水平观察

自发性高血压大鼠内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽水平观察程光华陶晓根张新路测定了正常血压大鼠（ＷＫＹ）、自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）血浆和组织内皮素（ＥＴ）与降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）的含量，以探讨其在高血压发病中的病理生理学意义，现报道如下。一、材料与方法...     

不同海拔高血压患者血CGRP、ADM、MPO及BNP含量的相关性研究

目的：探讨不同海拔的高血压患者血降钙素基因相关肽（calcitonin gene-related pep-tide,CGRP）、肾上腺髓质素（adrenomedulin,ADM）、髓过氧化物酶（myeloperox-idase,MPO）、脑钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide,BNP）浓度的变化,以期对高血压的诊断、治疗和预后判断提供理论依据。方法：采用放射免疫法测定血浆CGRP、ADM含量,用比色法测定血清MPO含量,用Triage荧光免疫分析仪测定BNP含量。结果：高海拔及西宁地区高血压组患者血CGRP含量分别低于同海拔正常对照组（均P〈0.05）;高海拔及西宁地区高血压患者血ADM、MPO、BNP含量分别高于同海拔正常对照组（均P〈0.05）;高原地区高血压组及正常组血CGRP含量分别低于西宁地区高血压组及正常组（均P〈0.05）;高原地区高血压组及正常组ADM、BNP含量分别高于西宁地区高血压组及正常组（均P〈0.05）;高原地区高血压组及正常组血清MPO含量分别与西宁地区高血压组及正常组比较均无显著性差异（均P〉0.05）。结论：高海拔地区人群CGRP含量降低,ADM、MPO及BNP升高,这种趋势在高血压患者中更为明显,提示：海拔高度影响高原居住人群的血管活性物质分泌,可能是高原不适应,导致血压升高的因素之一。     

健康飞行员与高血压飞行员血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽含量的比较

目的 比较民航健康飞行员与高血压飞行员血浆内皮素和降钙索基因相关肽含量的差异. 方法 采用放射免疫分析法测定87例民航健康飞行员及92例民航高血压飞行员的血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽浓度. 结果 健康飞行员组血浆内皮素浓度为(49.3±8.64)pg/ml,降钙素基因相关肽浓度为(51.2±19.23)pg/ml;高血压飞行员组血浆内皮素浓度为(65.8±9.32)pg/ml,降钙素基因相关肽浓度为(31.6±15.46)pg/ml.高血压飞行员与健康飞行员相比,血浆内皮素浓度明显升高(t=12.26,P<0.01),而血浆降钙素基因相关肽浓度明显下降(t=7.54,P<0.01),两者差异均具有统计学意义. 结论 民航飞行员血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽的分泌失调可能是其高血压发生的重要原因之一,应加强对民航飞行员血浆内皮素和降钙素基因相关肽的监测. Abstract： Objective To compare the difference of plasma endothelin (ET) and calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) concentration between healthy and hypertensive civil pilots. Methods Plasma ET and CGRP concentration were measured by radioimmunoassay in 87 healthy (as control group) and 92 hypertensive civil pilots. Results The plasma concentration of ET and CGRP was respectively (49.3±8.64) pg/ml,(51.2±19.23) pg/ml in healthy pilots,and (65.8±9.32) pg/ml,(31.6±15.46) pg/ml in hypertensive pilots.Comparing to the healthy the hypertensive pilots showed significantly higher plasma ET (t=12.26,P<0.01)) but lower CGRP concentrations (t=7.54,P<0.01). Conclusions The secretion maladjustment of plasma ET and CGRP would be the important reasons for inducing civil pilot's hypertension and the attentive monitoring is suggested.     

高原藏族与平原汉族高血压和血脂异常患病率的比较

本文通过了解四川省高原地区藏族人群高血压及血脂异常的患病情况,并与平原地区汉族人群患病情况比较,旨在为两病的防治提供依据。作者按1：1的比例,分别选取居住在理塘县（海拔4000m以上）藏族健康人员284人,在当地居住时间〉5年,年龄（21～72）（49．44±12．37）岁;男性150人,女性134人。     

运动心脏内分泌功能可复性的研究

为了进一步探讨运动心脏的可复性及其与病理心脏的本质差异,通过动物实验模拟运动心脏,观察了停止运动训练８周后心脏重量的变化,并对心肌组织与血浆中心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽含量进行了放射免疫测定。结果显示,经过１２周耐力训练后,心脏重量指数显著增高５１％;心房肌组织与血浆中心钠素含量分别显著增高４９％和７９％;心房肌组织与血浆中降钙素基因相关肽含量分别显著增高３６％和１９％。停止训练８周后,心脏重量指数较训练时显著降低２４％,心脏绝对重量和心脏重量指数与其对照组无显著差异;心房肌组织与血浆中心钠素含量分别较训练时显著降低２２％和３３％,基本恢复到正常对照水平;心房、心室肌组织与血浆降钙素基因相关肽含量分别较训练时降低１７％、８％和３％,也恢复到正常对照水平。研究结果表明,运动心脏确有心肌肥大,同时,运动心肌组织,尤其心房组织中心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽的产生与分泌水平增高,对运动性心肌肥大的发生、心肌收缩性的增强及冠脉循环的改善起重要调节作用。停训后运动心肌细胞心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽的改变不仅表明运动心脏内分泌功能改变具有可复性,而且,进一步证实运动心脏与病理心脏有着本质的差别。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.     

Kidney and iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents

In patients with renal failure, iodinated contrast agents may cause acute deterioration of the renal function and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) may cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). The administration of a contrast agent must thus be reviewed for each patient and evaluation of renal function is paramount even though its estimation using formulas derived from the creatinine level may fluctuate. For iodinated contrast agents, contrast induced nephropathy is reduced by hydratation, preferably intravenous, when the GFR is less than 60 ml/min. The risk for intravenous injections is less than the risk for arterial injections, and the GFR threshold may be reduced to 45 ml/min. For gadolinium-based contrast agents, patients at risk for NSF are those with end-stage renal disease and patients undergoing dialysis. In such cases, the injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent is only considered after a risk-benefit analysis has been completed, an alternate linear or macrocyclic agent issued and the dose limited to 0,1 mmol Gd/kg. Recently, recommendations from US and European agencies have converged. Learning objectives: to be familiar with the risk factors of CIN with iodinated contrast agents; to be familiar with hydration procedures for patients at risk of CIN; to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria of NSF; to be familiar with the classification of GBCA with regards to the risk of NSF; to be familiar with the contraindications of the different groups of GBCA.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.