经C1、2关节突螺钉治疗寰枢椎创伤和不稳的疗效及手术策略

目的 探讨经C1、2关了突螺钉治疗寰枢椎创伤和不稳的疗效及手术策略.方法 11例寰枢椎骨折或不稳需行寰枢椎融合患者,经颅骨牵引基本复位后行C1、2关节突螺钉联合Gallie手术,观察术后近期疗效、植骨融合及并发症.结果 术中和术后无神经、椎动脉损伤表现.术后枕颈部冬痛消失7例,明显缓解4例.1例双上肢麻木术后明显好转.过伸过屈侧位X线片示寰枢椎稳定性好.平均随访7.8个月,11例植骨均融合,无内固定并发症.颈椎前屈、后伸、左右侧屈活动度未见明显减少,旋转活动平均丧失34.6%.结论 经C1、2关节突螺钉固定寰枢椎生物力学稳定性好,植骨融合率高,并发症发生率低,是一种安全、疗效可靠的手术方法.     

Magerl术在儿童寰枢椎不稳中的应用

目的探讨Magerl术治疗儿童寰枢椎不稳的可行性和手术成功的关键因素。方法2003年12月～2007年5月,对17例平均年龄10岁(6～15岁)的寰枢椎不稳患者行后路经寰枢椎侧块关节UCSS空心螺钉固定(Magerl术)、植骨融合术,对其中后弓完整的13例同期行后路寰枢椎钛缆固定术(Gllie术)。通过随访并摄寰枢椎张口位和颈椎侧位X线片,评估螺钉位置和植骨融合情况。结果所有患者均完成双侧螺钉固定,症状明显改善,无脊髓神经和椎动脉损伤等并发症。17例经过平均21个月(3～40个月)随访,螺钉位置满意,均获骨性融合,无寰枕关节受限及相邻节段的自发性融合。结论Magerl术治疗儿童寰枢椎不稳是安全、有效的方法,术前寰枢椎的影像学评估和部分经颅环弓牵引后未获得充分复位者术中充分手法复位是手术成功的关键因素。     

创伤陈旧性寰枢椎脱位的诊断与手术治疗

目的 探讨创伤性陈旧性寰枢椎脱位的诊断与手术治疗。方法 自1994年1月～2002年12月收治创伤性陈旧性寰枢椎脱位26例，全部病例入院前均被漏诊或误诊。采用枕颈融合10例，寰枢融合16例。结果 症状完全缓解23例，部分缓解3例，神经功能明显改善9例，无改善1例。骨性融合时间3～10个月。结论 外伤病人如有诉头颈或枕部疼痛，要考虑寰枢椎脱位的可能，常规摄颈椎正侧位片和张口位X线片，必要时加摄应力位片。对于难复性陈旧性寰枢椎脱位，采用后路枕颈融合。可复性的寰枢椎脱位将采用寰枢融合，经C1，2关节突侧块螺钉固定是目前寰枢椎融合固定中较好的方法之一。     

创伤陈旧性寰枢椎脱位的诊断与手术治疗

目的　探讨创伤性陈旧性寰枢椎脱位的诊断与手术治疗。方法　自 1994年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月收治创伤性陈旧性寰枢椎脱位 2 6例 ,全部病例入院前均被漏诊或误诊。采用枕颈融合 10例 ,寰枢融合 16例。结果　症状完全缓解 2 3例 ,部分缓解3例 ,神经功能明显改善 9例 ,无改善 1例。骨性融合时间 3～ 10个月。结论　外伤病人如有诉头颈或枕部疼痛 ,要考虑寰枢椎脱位的可能 ,常规摄颈椎正侧位片和张口位X线片 ,必要时加摄应力位片。对于难复性陈旧性寰枢椎脱位 ,采用后路枕颈融合。可复性的寰枢椎脱位将采用寰枢融合 ,经C1、2 关节突侧块螺钉固定是目前寰枢椎融合固定中较好的方法之一。     

关于寰枢关节骨性关节炎的认识

枕颈部疼痛在临床是一种非常多见的症状。引起枕颈部疼痛有许多疾病,包括风湿性关节炎、感染、原发性和转移性肿瘤、创伤和各种形式的颈部退变和枕颈不稳。近年来,人们已经注意到骨性关节炎也可累及寰枢椎,引起枕颈部疼痛。由于寰枢椎关节骨性关节炎的病理、症状和体征与下颈椎相比有着不同特点,对寰枢关节的骨性关节炎较少引起人们注意,但寰枢椎关节骨性关节炎在临床上并不少见,占枕颈部疼痛的6%~10%,因缺乏足够认识常被忽略。1寰枢关节解剖学及生物学特性寰枢关节由4个关节组成,包括位于正中的2个寰齿关节和左右侧块的2个外侧关节。寰齿关…     

一期后路寰枢椎固定治疗不稳定寰椎爆裂性骨折

 目的探讨一期后路寰枢椎固定融合治疗不稳定寰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年5月至2013年12月收治32例不稳定寰椎爆裂性骨折患者的病历资料,男21例,女11例;年龄22~59岁,平均41.8岁。术前均行颈椎张口位及侧位X线片、CT及MR检查。不稳定性寰椎骨折17例,不稳定性寰椎骨折合并枢椎骨折15例, 其中6例有不同程度的脊髓损害表现,ASIA分级为D级5例、C级1例。32例患者接受一期后路寰枢椎固定融合术。术后观察脊髓功能恢复情况,均行过屈、过伸位X线片和三维CT检查观察寰枢椎复位、融合及内固定情况,采用寰齿前间距（atlanto-dens interval,ADI)、寰椎侧块移位程度（lateral mass distance,LMD）及疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue score,VAS）评价疗效并记录并发症。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间10~24个月,平均15.6个月。骨折与寰枢椎骨性融合时间为5~10个月,平均6.9个月。术前颈枕区VAS评分平均为（5.0土1.4）分,末次随访时（1.0土0.7）分,差异有统计学意义。脊髓功能均得到不同程度地改善,术前D级5例中4例恢复至E级、1例无明显改善,术前C级1例恢复至D级。术后X线片和CT均示复位满意,术前ADI平均为（4.6±1.2） mm,末次随访时为（2.4±1.0） mm;术前LMD平均为（5.6±2.2） mm,末次随访时为（1.2±1.0） mm,差异均有统计学意义。结论一期后路寰枢椎椎弓根固定融合术治疗不稳定寰椎爆裂性骨折临床可行,能避免枕颈融合,但寰椎椎弓根螺钉置钉技术具有挑战性。     

Magerl术治疗未获完全复位的寰枢椎脱位

目的：探讨Magerl术治疗未获完全复位的寰枢椎脱位的可行性及手术技巧。方法：2003年12月至2005年3月．对12例术前无固定神经定位体征、术中未获完全复位的寰枢椎不稳患者行后路经寰枢椎侧块关节UCSS空心螺钉固定（Maged术）、植骨融合术，对寰椎后弓完整的8例患者同期行后路寰枢椎钛缆固定术（Gauie术式）。通过随访并摄寰枢椎张口位和颈椎侧位X线平片，评估螺钉位置和植骨融合情况。结果：所有患者均完成双侧经关节螺钉固定，症状明显改善，无神经症状加重表现，无神经血管损伤等并发症发生。随访4～18个月（平均8个月），术后寰枢关节仍存在前脱位或（和）侧方脱位，但螺钉均通过寰枢椎侧块关节，所有置入螺钉位置准确，无寰枕关节活动受限。术后3-6个月均获骨性融合。结论：不能完全复位的寰枢关节脱位并不是Magerl术的绝对禁忌证，只要术前作好寰枢椎影像学检查并认真评估其可行性．术中采用“个体化”进钉方案，保证关节螺钉通道周围有充足的骨质，Magerl术仍是安全、可靠的。     

数字断层融合技术在儿童寰枢关节检查中的应用价值

目的:探讨X线数字断层融合技术(Digital Tomosynthesis,DTS)在儿童寰枢关节检查中的应用价值.方法:选择我院50例临床怀疑寰枢椎半脱位的儿童患者,张口位摄片不能达到临床诊断要求,经患儿家长同意后行DTS检查.结果:所有患儿寰枢椎形态结构显示完整,寰椎侧块及寰枢关节间隙显示清晰,无周围组织结构干扰.其中14例寰枢椎半脱位,显示齿状突与两侧块间隙不对称.结论:X线数字断层融合技术在儿童寰枢关节检查中具有价格低廉、图像成像清晰,诊断准确率较高等优势,且患儿接受辐射量较CT检查低,值得推广应用.     

儿童寰枢关节半脱位46例诊治分析

目的:提高儿童寰枢关节半脱位的诊断和治疗水平.方法:对46例儿童寰枢关节半脱位患儿行枕颌吊带牵引治疗,加局部理疗.结果:46例疗效均满意.有头颈部外伤史者平均疗程为20.3d,有上呼吸道感染史者平均疗程为13.5d,二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:为避免漏诊、误诊,应结合临床表现与颈椎张口位X线平片或颈椎CT检查.持续枕颌吊带牵引治疗是其主要治疗方法.对于有头颈部外伤史者,治疗时间应适当延长.     

SSE寰枢椎挂钩内固定治疗寰枢椎不稳

目的探讨SSE寰枢椎挂钩在治疗寰枢椎不稳中的应用。方法总结分析自2003年6月～2005年5月收治的10例寰枢椎不稳患者的临床资料。所有患者均行颈后路复位减压植骨融合SSE寰枢椎挂钩内固定术,术后复查颈椎动力位X线片、CT及CT三维重建,并结合患者恢复情况,综合评价SSE寰枢椎挂钩在治疗寰枢椎不稳中的应用。结果10例患者均获随访,随访2～18个月,平均11.5个月。术前症状消失或明显改善,无脱钩、内固定断裂等内固定物失败的现象。影像学资料显示:SSE寰枢椎挂钩位置良好,无挂钩松动、移位,无寰枢椎不稳复发等情况。结论SSE寰枢椎挂钩为治疗寰枢椎不稳的一种新型内植物,其固定强度更大、固定效果更可靠,手术操作简单,为寰枢椎不稳的治疗提供了一种新的选择。     

Combined surgical lipectomy and liposuction in the treatment of benign symmetrical lipomatosis of the head and neck.

Benign symmetrical lipomatosis (Madelung syndrome) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology, which is characterised by diffuse growth of non-encapsulated lipomas. Between 1995 and 2000 we treated 11 patients with benign symmetrical lipomatosis in the head and neck. The group comprised 10 men and one woman aged 34 to 62 years (mean 47). The most common complaints were reduced range of movement of the head and obstruction when eating or speaking. Combined lipectomy and liposuction were done for all patients, with liposuction being done at a second session. The mean follow-up period was 2.7 years. The functional results were satisfactory in all patients. Nine of the 11 patients were also satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. Two patients developed recurrence 1.5 and 2 years after the operation, respectively. There were no serious complications. We think that combined lipectomy and liposuction is a successful procedure for treating benign symmetrical lipomatosis in the head and neck region. Nevertheless, the advantages and drawbacks of the two techniques should be considered preoperatively.     

Synovial chondromatosis of the foot

Synovial chondromatosis rarely occurs in the foot. Five patients with synovial chondromatosis in the foot were treated with excision. There were four men and one woman with a mean age of 37 years (range, 19-58 years). Mineral densities adjacent to the joint were seen on radiographs of all patients. Synovial chondromatosis occurred in the calcaneocuboid, tibiotalar, naviculocuneiform, and metatarsophalangeal joints. A painful mass was the common initial presentation in all patients. The patients were followed up for an average of 5 years (range, 3-16 years) after arthrotomy and excision. All patients were relieved of symptoms and retained normal function. There was no clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence.     

The impact of patient age and aortic size on the results of aortobifemoral bypass grafting

OBJECTIVES: On the basis of the widespread belief that aortobifemoral bypass (ABF) represents the optimal mode of revascularization for patients with diffuse aortoiliac disease, vascular surgeons are often aggressive about its application in young adults. We undertook this retrospective evaluation of ABFs performed from 1980 to 1999 to determine whether the results justify this approach. Patients of less than 50 years of age (n = 45) were compared with those aged 50 to 59 years (n = 93) and those aged more than 60 years (n = 146). RESULTS: Younger patients were more likely to undergo operation for claudication than were older patients (72% versus 59% and 55%; P <.04). Younger patients were significantly more likely to be smokers (87%) but less likely to have diabetes, hypertension, or cerebrovascular disease. Bypasses were constructed in an end-to-end fashion in 71.1% of patients of less than 50 years versus 68.8% and 71.2% of older patients (P = not significant). The mean diameter of aortic grafts was significantly smaller in younger patients (14.6 mm) than in older patients (15.6 mm and 15.5 mm; P <.01). The need for a subsequent infrainguinal reconstruction was highest in the youngest patients (24% versus 17% and 7%; P <.01). Surgical mortality rates were low in all groups (0%, 1%, and 2.0% for increasing age groups; P = not significant). Five-year primary and secondary patency rates increased significantly with each increase in age interval: 5-year primary patency rate: less than 50 years, 66% +/- 8%; 50 to 59 years, 87% +/- 5%; more than 60 years, 96% +/-2% (P <.05 for all comparisons). Five-year secondary patency rates were: less than 50 years, 79% +/- 7%; 50 to 59 years, 91% +/- 4%; more than 60 years, 98% +/- 2% (P <.05 for all comparisons). Five-year survival rate was comparable in all three groups: less than 50 years, 93% +/- 5%; 50 to 59 years, 92% +/- 4%; more than 60 years, 87% +/- 4% (P = not significant). CONCLUSION: Increased virulence of aortic disease, smaller aortic size, and more progressive infrainguinal disease may all negatively impact the results of ABF in younger patients. Although 5-year results are acceptable, increased caution is warranted in the routine application of ABF in young patients without limb-threatening ischemia.     

Diagnosis and management of substernal Goiter at the University of Crete

The objective of this work was to evaluate the diagnosis and management of patients with substernal goiter (SSG) on the basis of our experience. We conducted a retrospective study of all SSGs within a series of 591 thyroidectomies performed in a tertiary referral center over a period of 14 years, analyzing epidemiological data, diagnostic criteria, and surgical results. There were 37 (6%) patients with descending goiter: 28 women (mean age 57.1 years) and 9 men (mean age 61 years). All 37 patients underwent successful surgical treatment without any major postoperative complications. A postoperative histological examination revealed a 16.6% incidence of malignancy. Despite the size and close proximity to vital organs in the mediastinum, all of the SSGs were managed successfully. A neck approach was used in all except for one patient who was operated on via sternotomy. A thorough preoperative evaluation including computed tomography scan of the neck and mediastinum, and an appropriate surgical technique ensure a positive outcome for most patients with an SSG.     

腰椎间盘突出类型与其疼痛程度相关性的临床研究

目的:探讨腰椎间盘突出类型导致疼痛的程度,并分析其原因。方法:选取2002年1月至2008年12月手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症265例(其中男162例,女103例,年龄21～78,平均46.3岁),均行单间盘手术(L4,5128例、L5S1137例)。每例患者在术前进行Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷(ODI),术中根据改良Carragee系统将突出间盘分为5组(根据髓核突出的程度-纤维环破裂的程度分为Ⅰ组脱出-小破裂、Ⅱ组脱出-大破裂、Ⅲ组碎片-完整、Ⅳ组变性-完整、Ⅴ组钙化-退变),对各组术前ODI评分进行统计学处理,分析不同突出类型与其疼痛程度的相关性。结果:纤维环破裂的Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组突出间盘术前疼痛严重,与纤维环完整的Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组突出间盘相比有统计学意义,而纤维环破裂缺损大的Ⅱ组与相对纤维环破裂缺损小的Ⅰ组相比,更为疼痛,有统计学意义。结论:突出的间盘如果伴有纤维环破裂,髓核就可以进入椎管,导致神经根性疼痛加重;髓核及其释放的物质有机会通过化学因素而导致神经根性疼痛加重。     

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery: Management and outcome

SUMMARY: Renovascular hypertension may be caused by atherosclerotic disease or less commonly by fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the renal arteries. Fibromuscular dysplasia is the commonest cause of renal artery stenosis in the younger age group and affects women predominantly. A review of our clinical database identified all patients with renovascular hypertension. All relevant clinical, biochemical and radiological findings on those with FMD were noted. the outcome of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) or reconstructive surgery was evaluated. Eight out of 62 (13%) patients with hypertension secondary to renovascular disease had FMD (all female; bilateral in four; mean age at diagnosis 37.6 years; age range 12–70 years). the mean duration of hypertension before the diagnosis of FMD was 3.3 years (range 3 months-10 years). A renal artery bruit was detected in five, hypertensive retinopathy in three and one had mild renal insufficiency. Twelve PTRAs were attempted on 10 stenotic lesions in six women. This cured the hypertension in three, while the other three have required less antihypertensive therapy. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty was complicated by a trivial renal artery dissection in one, and a small upper pole infarction in another. One patient required a repeat PTRA. the other two women presented before the availability of PTRA and had successful reconstructive surgery. Fibromuscular dysplasia was the cause of hypertension in eight out of 62 (13%) patients with renovascular hypertension. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty has shown encouraging results with a low complication rate. If technically feasible, PTRA should be attempted on all patients with FMD of the renal artery.     

Melanoma of the nipple and areola.

Fourteen primary melanomas arising in the nipple and areola of the breast were treated by mastectomy and axillary dissection. Four patients had axillary lymph node metastases and all were dead within 3 years of their operation, while the 10 patients with no axillary node involvement were free from recurrent disease 5 years after their operation. On the basis of clinical and anatomical studies, it is suggested that a wide local excision without mastectomy is adequate for the treatment of nipple and areola melanomas.     

Regeneration of the coracoacromial ligament after acromioplasty and arthroscopic subacromial decompression

The clinical observation of apparent and complete regeneration of the coracoacromial ligament after known partial excision of the ligament and acromioplasty has been investigated. Ten patients who had open revision surgery following failure of symptomatic relief after arthroscopic subacromial decompression were studied. All of them had acromioplasty with documented partial resection of the coracoacromial ligament at the first operation. There were 5 men and 5 women with an average age of 54.5 years (range, 44-65 years). In all patients surgery revealed a ligamentous structure resembling the coracoacromial ligament that was attached to the anterior acromion. Histology in all patients revealed appearances indistinguishable from normal ligament, which was in continuity with the reformed periosteum of the acromion.     

Diagnostic and surgical aspects of renal carcinoma with involvement of the inferior vena cava

Over the past 10 years, 13 patients presented with operable renal carcinoma and tumour extension within the inferior vena cava. This was diagnosed accurately in all but 1 patient, using ultrasound. Radical nephrectomy with removal of tumour within the inferior vena cava was performed in all 13 cases, 2 requiring cardiac bypass. There were no operative deaths and 6 patients remain alive and well with a mean follow-up of 2 years. The presence and level of vena caval extension did not appear to have an adverse affect on prognosis.     

Lengthening of the humerus using the Ilizarov technique. Description of the method and report of 43 cases

From 1982 to 1986, 43 humeral lengthenings were performed on 29 patients using the Ilizarov technique. Diagnoses included achondroplasia, old septic arthritis, birth palsy, fracture, congenital shortening, and benign neoplasm. The achondroplastic patients (14) had bilateral lengthenings. There were 16 male and 13 female patients aged ten to 36 years (mean, 18 years). The total lengthening in each segment ranged from 5 to 16 cm (mean, 9 cm) and mean treatment time from four to 14 months (mean, eight months). The average follow-up time was 2.7 years (range, 0.5-5.5 years). Functional and aesthetic results were all graded as excellent or good. There were no cases of osteomyelitis or deep infection. Three patients sustained neuropraxias that subsequently resolved completely. There were seven fractures in six patients following removal of the apparatus. Five were treated with casts and two with replication of the apparatus. All healed uneventfully. Humeral lengthening can be safely performed with excellent clinical results using the Ilizarov technique.