囊膜破裂的外伤性白内障摘出及人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨囊膜破裂的外伤性白内障摘出Ⅰ期人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效及安全性。方法术中利用粘弹剂配合玻璃体切除术，对３５眼囊膜已破裂的外伤性白内障，进行手术摘出及Ⅰ期人工晶状体植入术。结果术后矫正视力≥０．５者３０眼，占８５．７％；０．１～０．４者４眼，占１１．４３％；０．１以下者１眼，占２．８％．未见任何严重手术并发症发生。结论由于显微手术的开展，粘弹剂及玻璃体切除术的应用，复杂的囊膜破裂的外伤性白内障摘出Ⅰ期人工晶状体植入术已变得安全、有效。     

玻璃体切割术后的白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术

目的 探讨玻璃体切割术后的白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术的注意事项。方法 对12例12眼玻璃体切割术后白内障患者行白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术。结果 术后视力较术前改善者11眼，未改善1眼。结论 玻璃体切割术后的白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术，术中须采取有效的方法控制灌注压及后房压，防止出现晶体后囊破裂及晶体脱位。     

表面麻醉下小瞳孔小切口人工晶体植入术50例临床分析

目的分析在表麻下行小切口小瞳孔白内障摘除术的有效性及小瞳孔条件下的白内障手术技巧。方法对50例（60眼）小瞳孔白内障在表麻下行非超声乳化白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术，观察表麻效果及术中用黏弹剂分离粘连虹膜，旋转摘除晶体核法植入人工晶体60眼。结果术后瞳孔基本保持圆形，无后囊破裂，术后1周裸眼视力≥0．2者45眼（75％），≥0．5者30眼（50％），≥0．8者15眼（25％）。结论表麻下行小瞳孔小切口白内障摘除术及人工晶体植入术安全有效，手术简便，效果肯定，适合在基层和防盲工作中推行。     

外伤性白内障摘除后房型人工晶体植入术实验与临床

前瞻性研究外伤性白内障后房型人工晶体植入术的疗效。在实验基础上，临床对39眼外伤性白内障施行现代白内障囊外摘除及后房型人工晶体植入术。结果：术后出院视力均≥0．1，其中0．5以上者22眼，占56．4％。术中并发症以后囊破裂稍多见；术后并发症以虹膜炎、角膜水肿最常见。重点讨论了手术时间及开罐截囊方法。结论，外伤性白内障摘除后房型人工晶体植入，是无晶体限矫正屈光不正的合理方法，可迅速恢复视力。     

高龄老年患者的小切口白内障摘除并人工晶体植入探讨

目的观察对高龄老年白内障患者行小切口囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术的手术疗效。方法对58例61眼高龄老年性白内障行小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术，术中植入PMMA-体型人工晶体，术后观察视力及并发症情况。结果术后视力：（1）术后第1天〈0．1者12眼，占19．7％，0．1～0．4者32眼，占52．5％，≥0．5者17眼，占27．9％；（2）第7天〈0．1者5眼，占8．2％，0．1～0．4者19眼，占31．1％，≥0．5者37眼，占60．7％。并发症：术中后囊膜破裂1眼，术后角膜水肿、后弹力层皱褶9眼，炎症反应、前房渗出、房水混浊7眼，均在1周内消退；瞳孔上移2眼；术后黄斑囊样水肿4眼。结论小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶体植入术治疗高龄老年白内障可取得很好的疗效，但要求有术前详细的检查、心理疏导及术者熟练的操作技术。     

外伤性白内障与后房型人工晶体植入术

本文报导了伴有各种并发症的外伤性白内障３３例（３４眼），根据不同病情，施行了各种联合手术如：晶体切割，玻璃体切割，保留晶体前囊膜植入人工晶体，玻璃体切割并取除球内异物，待晶体混浊后再行白内障囊外摘除植入人工晶体；以及摘除球内异物同时施行白内障囊外和人工晶体植入术等。并对手术切口选择，截囊方式，晶体核的娩出，如何抽吸皮质以及手术时间的选择等也作了简要的讨论。     

外伤性白内障与后房型人工晶体植入术

本文报导了伴有各种并发症的外伤性白内障３３例（３４眼），根据不同病情，施行了各种联合手术如：晶体切割、玻璃体切割、保留晶体前囊膜植入人工晶体，玻璃体切割并取除球内异物，待晶体混浊后再行白内障囊外摘除植入人工晶体；以及摘除球内异物同时施行白内障囊外和人工晶体植入术等。并对手术切口选择、截囊方式、晶体核的娩出，如何抽吸皮质以及手术时间的选择等也作了简要的讨论。     

外伤性白内障与后房型人工晶体植入术

报道伴有各种并发症的外伤性白内障24例(25只眼)，根据不同病情，施行了各种联合手术如：晶体切割，玻璃体切割、保留晶体前囊膜植入人工晶体，玻璃体切割并取除球内异物，待晶俸混浊后再行白内障囊外摘除植入人工晶体；咀及摘除球内异物同时施行白内障囊外和人工晶俸植入术等。并对手术切口选择、截囊方式、晶体核的娩出，如何抽吸皮质以及手术时间的选择等也作了简要的讨论。     

346例小切口白内障摘除人工晶体植入术临床效果

目的评价小切口白内障摘除人工晶体植入术在农村开展防肓治肓工作中的疗效。方法对346例老年性、并发性、外伤性、先天性白内障实施小切口白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术。结果术后第1天裸眼视力≥1．0者13例13眼，占4％；0．3≤视力〈1．0者149例149眼，占43％；0．05≤视力〈0．3者130例130眼，占37％；〈0．05者54例54眼，占16％。结论小切口白内障摘除人工晶体植入术手术安伞，切口自闭性能好，视力恢复快。     

人工晶体悬吊术37例手术体会

Phaco术、白内障囊外摘除人工晶体植入手术是白内障患者的主要治疗手段，但一些外伤性白内障合并后囊破裂、晶状体脱位、白内障术时后囊膜巨大破口合并玻璃体脱出，不能行Ⅰ期后房型人工晶体植入术病人，可以行人工晶体悬吊术。笔者自2002年9月～2005年5月共施行人工晶体悬吊术37例，效果满意，现报告如下。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.