几种猪囊尾蚴抗原用于斑点-ELISA法诊断囊尾蚴病的观察

本研究以囊液10000g上清、囊液100000g上清、全囊抗原、头节抗原和头节尿素溶解性抗原等5种囊尾蚴抗原，对124份各类血清进行斑点-ELISA试验，结果除2种囊液抗原外，都有很高的假阳性反应。2种囊液抗原中以100000g离心者为优，检测70例囊虫病患者，阳性率为82．8％；30例正常人，假阳性率为6．7％；5例血吸虫、5例华支睾吸虫及5例并殖吸虫患者血清，均未出现阳性反应；但9例包虫病患者血清均出现交叉反应。     

几种猪囊尾螺抗原用于斑点—ELISA法诊断囊尾蚴病的观察

本研究以囊液１００００ｇ上清、囊液１０００００ｇ上清、全囊抗原、头节抗原和头节尿素溶解性抗在等５种囊尾蚴抗原，对１２４份各类血清进行斑点－ＥＬＩＳＡ试验，结果除２种囊液抗原外，都有很高的假阳性反应。２种囊注抗原中以１０００００ｇ离心者为优，检测７０例囊虫病患者，阳性率为８２．８％；３０例正常人，假阳性率为６．７％；５例华支睾吸虫及５例并殖吸虫患者血清，均未出现阳性反应；但９例包虫病患者血清均出现交     

免疫亲和层析法提取猪囊尾蚴抗原的鉴定及其在血清学诊断中的应用价值

本文采用免疫亲和层析法,提取与自然感染猪囊虫的猪血清IgG反应的猪囊虫抗原。所提取头节抗原、囊壁抗原和囊液抗原的Desc-PAGE区带分别为7、13和10条,其中囊液PAS染色显示3条阳性带(层析前为4条);SDS-PAGE区带分别为12、15和13条。相对分子量为65、53、40和30～29KDa的抗原含量最多,免疫原性最强。提取的抗原应用于免疫电泳,可提高其敏感性。     

猪囊虫病的免疫学诊断研究.一、猪囊尾蚴蛋白质及其抗原制剂的电泳分析

本文报道猪囊尾蚴头节和囊壁混合蛋白质与可溶性抗原及囊液蛋白质和可溶性抗原的电泳区带。头节和囊壁混合抗原有13条(PAGE)和22条(SDS-PAGE)考马斯亮蓝染色带,免疫学抗原11种;囊液抗原有10条(PAGE)和16条(SDS-PAGE)考马斯亮蓝染色带、PAS和苏丹黑B染色带各1条,免疫学抗原14种。囊液富含蛋白质、糖蛋白和脂蛋白,且有一种抗原活性较强的抗原组分。两种抗原有共同抗原3种,均含耐热抗原组分.     

棘球蚴感染绵羊并诱发休克期间特异性IgG、IgE抗体对特异性抗原的识别

目的 探讨细粒棘球蚴(E.g.)囊液粗制抗原和B抗原(EgB)识别绵羊感染E.g.后及诱发过敏性休克期间特异性IgG和IgE抗体的特异性反应,并对抗原特性及分子量进行描述。 方法 制备E.g.囊液粗制抗原及EgB,应用免疫印迹技术检测经剖杀证实感染E.g.并诱发过敏性休克的20只绵羊血清特异性IgG和IgE抗体对两种抗原的抗体反应性,并对抗原特性和分子量进行描述。 结果 特异性IgE抗体与耐热、低分子量的EgB(8、12和16 kDa)抗原未见明显的反应条带,而与E.g.囊液粗制抗原在43 kDa处可见明显的反应条带。IgG抗体与E.g.囊液粗制抗原未见明显的反应条带,但与EgB抗原反应后在31、43和66.2 kDa处可见较为明显的反应条带。 结论 EgB可能不是特异性IgE抗体的特异性抗原,而是IgG抗体的特异性抗原。E.g.粗制囊液抗原中含有特异性IgE抗体的特异性抗原组分,其分子量大于43 kDa,可能是导致棘球蚴病患者过敏性休克的主要致敏原。     

阴道毛滴虫致病株可溶性抗原的电泳分析

目的：研究阴道毛滴虫一致病分离株的全虫可溶性抗原。方法：应用SDS－PAGE、激光光密度扫描、免疫印迹法等，对阴道毛滴虫一致病虫株的全虫可溶性抗原进行分析。结果：SDS－PAGE分离出14条蛋白带，在所分离的可溶性抗原中，分子量≤72kDa的占89．5％，分子量为48－51kDa的占19．2％，＞100kDa的占7．4 ％，最低分子量为13kDa。免疫印迹试验显示免疫反应具有广泛性分子量范围，但在86kDa附近未显示出免疫反应。结论：在阴道毛滴虫一致病虫株全虫可溶性抗原中，分子量为48kDa蛋白质具有较高的蛋白含量和较强的免疫学反应。     

细粒棘球蚴生发细胞特异性抗原的ELIB分析

应用SDS－PAGE和免疫印渍试验（EITB），证明体外培养的细粒棘球蚴生发细胞和囊液含有特异性抗原，分子量为52kDa和38kDa，而囊壁则含有此2种抗原。生发细胞的52kDa抗原可识别感染小鼠和包虫病患者血清的特异性抗体，对囊虫病人和正常人血清则无反应条带。     

黑胸大蠊不同发育阶段可溶性抗原特征分析

为了对黑胸大蠊的不同发育阶段蛋白质抗原进行免疫生化特性分析 ,采用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS -PAGE)对黑胸大蠊不同发育阶段可溶性蛋白质组分进行分离鉴定通过酶联免疫印迹 (ELIB)技术分析不同发育阶段抗原的免疫学特性。四种抗原蛋白经SDS -PAGE后银染色 ,均得到清晰的蛋白显色带。卵抗原、若虫抗原、雄成虫抗原、雌成虫抗原分别可见 13、2 8、2 6和 4 1条蛋白区带 ,其中主带分别为 2、10、10、13条 ,分子量大多位于 10kDa - 97kDa范围。具有免疫原性的蛋白质大多分布在 4 3kDa以上分子量范围 ,四种抗原组分相互之间有交叉抗原的存在。结果表明不同发育阶段黑胸大蠊的蛋白质组分从卵 -若虫 -成虫出现次第增多现象并趋于复杂化 ,这对研究黑胸大蠊的发育生物学特征具有一定的潜在意义。     

抗猪囊尾蚴单克隆抗体的初步研究

为了对囊尾蚴病的免疫诊断提供有价值的单在隆抗体（McAb)，我们应用杂交瘤技术，通过对骨髓瘤细胞NS－1与用猪囊尾蚴囊液抗原免疫的BALB／C小鼠脾细胞融合试验及反复筛选和多次克隆化，建立了3株分泌抗猪囊尾蚴抗原的McAb杂交瘤细胞株1D4、4E11和4E12。其分泌的抗体具有很强的种的特异性，与细粒棘球蚴和肥颈绦虫囊尾蚴抗原均不发生交叉反应。免疫球蛋白亚类鉴定表明3株均属IgG1。经蛋白质转移电泳试验（Western blot)确定，与所获McAb发生特异反应的抗原是猪囊尾蚴头节囊壁（SCW）抗原分子量为25kDa和17kDa的蛋白组分。     

猪囊尾蚴抗原的研究

应用高效液相色谱仪对猪囊尾蚴囊液抗原(CFAg)、全囊虫抗原(CWAg)、头节抗原(CSAg)进行了分析,分别分离出12、12、14个峰,主峰的数目分别是4、3、3个。CFAg与CWAg有7个相同的峰,第一峰的蛋白质分子量均为669kD。CFAg与CSAg有5个相同的峰,除其中一个峰的蛋白质分子量在29～66kD之间外,其余均在29kD以下。CWAg与CSAg有6个相同的峰。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.