经鼻高流量吸氧装置在高龄急性呼吸衰竭患者中应用

目的探讨高龄急性呼吸衰竭患者使用经鼻高流量吸氧装置(HFNC)的临床效果。方法选取自2015年10月至2017年10月解放军海军总医院收治的Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者58例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为HFNC组(n=30)及无创通气(NIV)组(n=28)。比较两组患者的气管插管或切开比率、ICU住院时间及28 d病死率。结果 HFNC组患者行气管插管或切开比率为30.0%(9/30),显著低于NIV组的57.1%(16/28),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HFNC组的ICU住院时间为(12.0±2.8)d,显著低于NIV组的(18.0±3.2)d,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HFNC组28 d病死率为6.7%(2/30),显著低于NIV组的28.6%(8/28),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HFNC与传统氧疗相比,在高龄急性呼吸衰竭患者中具有减少气管插管或切开比率,降低28 d病死率,缩短ICU住院时间的优势。     

利用欧洲心脏手术危险评估系统(EuroSCORE)预测国人冠状动脉旁路移植术后的机械通气时间

目的 探索标准EuroSCORE 能否预测国人冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后患者的机械通气时间.方法 选择2008年3-7月接受择期CABG的患者243例.术前1天根据相关定义计算患者的标准EuroSCORE 评分.同时记录患者围术期的其他相关变量.结果 机械通气时间延长的发生率为7.4% (18/243).标准EuroSCORE受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.693 (95%CI 0.582～0.803),显示标准EuroSCORE可以有效用于预测机械通气时间延长的发生.多因素logistic回归分析显示术前慢性阻塞性肺病 (OR=12.846, 95%CI 1.839～89.719, P=0.010)、术前肾功能损害 (OR=5.910, 95%CI 1.075～32.500, P=0.041)、手术时间长(OR=1.619, 95%CI 1.129～2.321, P=0.009) 和EuroSCORE≥3分(OR=3.663, 95%CI 1.110～12.088, P=0.033) 是机械通气时间延长的独立危险因素.在发生术后机械通气时间延长的患者中,患者术后监护室内滞留时间[(178.2±223.8)h vs. (43.1±30.2)h, P<0.001]和住院时间[(12.5±8.4)d vs. (7.9±2.4)d, P<0.001]显著延长,术后并发症 (38.1% vs. 16.7%, P=0.002) 和死亡发生率 (16.7% vs. 0.4%, P=0.029) 明显增加.结论 标准EuroSCORE≥3分是CABG术后机械通气时间延长的独立危险因素之一;标准EuroSCORE可以用于预测国人CABG术后发生机械通气时间延长的风险,但是需要进行校正;发生机械通气时间延长的患者预后明显恶化.     

硝酸甘油对脓毒性休克患者复苏达标后微循环的影响

目的 评价硝酸甘油对脓毒性休克患者复苏达标后微循环及病死率的影响.方法 选取2014年1月-2015年1月兰州大学第一医院重症医学科收治的符合脓毒性休克标准的患者,休克复苏达标后随机分为对照组和硝酸甘油组.对照组给予标准治疗,硝酸甘油组在标准治疗基础上,给予硝酸甘油0.5～1.0mg/h静脉泵入.入组后监测两组患者治疗后0、6、24、72h时的舌下微循环指标,包括小血管总密度(TVDs)、灌注小血管密度(PVDs)、灌注小血管比例(PPVs)、微血管流量指数(MFI)、异质性指数.记录患者ICU住院时间、总住院时间及随访28d病死率.结果 入组53例患者,其中对照组26例,硝酸甘油组27例.治疗24、72h两组患者TVDs均未明显增加,而PVDs、PPVs、MFI、异质性指数在治疗6、24、72h时较入组时提高,治疗24、72h较6h明显升高.硝酸甘油组治疗72h各微循环指标明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),机械通气时间明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),ICU住院时间及总住院时间明显短于对照组(P＜0.05),住院病死率及28d病死率均低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 硝酸甘油对感染性休克复苏达标后患者微循环有显著改善作用,并可有效改善患者预后,降低机械通气时间、ICU停留时间、总住院时间以及病死率.     

新开综合ICU病例来源、收治原因以及相应转归分析

目的:探查新开重症监护病房(ICU)收治患者的来源,收治原因以及治疗效果.方法:采用回顾性方法进行分析.结果:2年来共收治370例患者,病例来源构成急诊转入52例(14.1%),会诊转入例148例(40.0%),术后转入170例(45/9%).会诊转入组年龄(71.66±13.79)岁,为三组中最高(H=49.22,P<0.01),其平均住院日为(7.86±10.03)d,为三组最长(H=48.39,P<0.01).所有病例收治原因排序分别为外科全麻术后170例(45.9%),心脑血管病55例(14.9%),多器官功能不全49例(13.2%),严重感染46例(12.5%),中毒和严重创伤27例(7.3%),恶性肿瘤13例(3.5%),其它原因10例(2.7%).急诊转入组心肺复苏术后患者比例更多(χ<'2>=83.25,P<0.01);会诊转入组合并感染患者比例更多(χ<'2>=83.22,P<0.01).总体病例死亡83例(病死率22.4%).经过χ<'2>分割检验,术后转入组病死率显著低于急诊转入组和会诊转入组(P均<0.01).结论:我院新开ICU病例来源受到一定限制.加强科室自身业务素质的发展,规范ICU收治标准有助于我院ICU的发展.     

CT评价系统联合血浆D-二聚体在重症急性胰腺炎预后评估中的作用

目的 探究CT评价系统联合血浆D-二聚体在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)预后评估中的价值。方法 选取2015年6月～2020年6月本院重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)收治的116例SAP患者的临床资料。根据患者出ICU时的生存状况分为死亡组、生存组,分析改良CT严重指数(MCTSI)评分、D-二聚体对SAP患者ICU预后的影响及其联合预测价值。结果 116例SAP患者ICU病死率26.72%(31/116)。死亡组患者年龄、年龄≥65岁占比、入院APACHEⅡ评分、MCTSI评分、血浆D-二聚体水平高于生存组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示:年龄≥65岁(OR=3.414,95%CI=1.118～10.424)、MCTSI评分增高(OR=1.815,95%CI=1.265～2.606)、血浆D-二聚体水平增高(OR=2.709,95%CI=1.493～4.917)、APACHEⅡ评分增高(OR=1.109,95%CI=1.008～1.220)是SAP患者ICU死亡的危险因素(P <0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示:MC...     

“桥接法”在闭合性椎前区胰腺损伤合并胰管断裂中的应用

目的探讨"桥接法"在闭合性椎前区胰腺损伤合并胰管断裂中的应用价值。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,收集成都军区总医院全军普外中心2008年10月—2015年10月收治的28例椎前胰腺损伤合并胰管断裂患者的临床资料。2012年5月前采用胰十二指肠切除或胰肠吻合术的13例患者设为常规手术组,2012年5月后,采用"桥接法"的15例患者设为"桥接法"手术组。观察手术时间、手术相关出血量、胃管拔出时间、ICU入住时间、住院时间及术后并发症。结果 "桥接法"手术组与常规手术组患者手术时间分别为(2.6±1.4)h和(5.8±3.9)h;"桥接法"手术组与常规手术组手术相关出血量分别为(147.3±79.2)mL和(160.3±75.6)mL,胃管拔出时间分别为(3.4±1.2)d和(4.2±1.3)d,ICU入住时间分别为(1.2±0.4)d和(2.5±1.1)d,住院时间分别为(8.3±3.3)d和(11.7±5.9)d,以上差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。"桥接法"手术组与常规手术组术后胰瘘(6.7%vs.7.3%)、腹腔感染(13.3%vs.14.7%),术后出血(13.3%vs.15.3%)、肺部感染(33.3%vs.30.7%),术后腹泻(6.7%vs.8.3%)及糖尿病(5.7%vs.6.7%),上述差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 "桥接法"在闭合性椎前区胰腺损伤合并胰管断裂的病例中不增加术后胰瘘、腹腔感染、出血、肺部感染以及随访当中腹泻、糖尿病等胰腺功能减退情况发生率,且在缩短手术时间、减少术中出血以及缩短胃管拔出时间、ICU入住时间、住院时间更加具有优势。     

中、老年代谢综合征患者的临床特点分析

目的 比较中、老年代谢综合征(MS)患者的临床特点.方法 收集1996～2006年在解放军总医院门诊查体且符合中国人MS诊断标准(CDS)的947例中、老年患者的临床资料.其中老年人679例,中年人268例.分析中、老年患者MS各组分的差异,以及各组分的相关因素等.结果 947例患者中,男性582例(老年423例,中年159例),女性365例(老年256例,中年109例).老年男性患者的年龄大于老年女性(81.5±6.5 vs 74.5±8.8岁,P＜0.01),老年男性的体重指数(BMI)高于中年男性(27.14±2.51 vs 25.98±2.38,P＜0.01).老年患者的空腹、餐后血糖和收缩压均高于同性别的中年患者,而舒张压无显著差异.中年男性的甘油三酯高于老年男性.中年女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于男性.多元回归分析显示,男女患者空腹血糖均与餐后2h血糖有相关性(男性R2＝0.463,P＜0.05;女性R2＝0.613,P＜0.05).餐后2h血糖与年龄存在相关性(男性,R2＝0.522,P＜0.01;女性R2＝0.716,P＜0.05).收缩压与多种指标均有相关性,男性患者收缩压与年龄(R2＝0.396,P＜0.01)和舒张压(R2＝0.535,P＜0.05)均有相关性;女性患者的收缩压与BMI(R2＝0.557,P＜0.05)、舒张压(R2＝0.434,P＜0.05)、餐后2h血糖(R2＝0.434,P＜0.01)及空腹血糖(R2＝0.473,P＜0.05)均有相关性.Logistic回归分析示年龄(OR=2.1,95%CI:1.3～2.7)、空腹血糖(OR=1.7,95%CI:1.2～3.1)和收缩压(OR=1.4,95%CI:1.2～2.9)是预测代谢综合征组分含量的影响因素.结论 中老年代谢综合征患者的代谢指标有差异,年龄、空腹血糖和收缩压可作为代谢综合征的筛选指标.     

镇静-镇痛策略与机械通气患者ICU不适经历关系的多中心调查研究

目的 了解我国ICU机械通气患者镇静、镇痛治疗的现状,以进一步探讨镇静-镇痛策略对该类患者ICU不适住院经历的影响.方法 2006年6月15日-2006年8月15日,对全国31家三级甲等教学医院所有转出ICU的清醒机械通气患者进行调查,内容包括患者一般情况,疾病分类,机械通气时间,所接受的镇静-镇痛治疗,以及包括紧张害怕、情绪低落、睡眠不良、疲劳感、口渴、疼痛等6项内容的ICU不适经历情况.结果 163例接受机械通气的ICU清醒患者中,出现ICU不适经历的比例高达96.9%,其中83例(50.9%)出现严重不适.机械通气时间≥48h的患者严重不适经历发生率为59.7%,与机械通气时间＞48h的患者(44.8%)比较无统计学差异.61例未给予任何镇静、镇痛治疗,其严重不适经历发生率(73.8%)显著高于接受镇静、镇痛治疗的患者(37.3%,P＜0.01).以镇痛为基础的镇静治疗方案对严重不适经历的发生具有显著的保护作用(OR＝0.125;95%CI:0.052～0.298;P＜0.01),单独应用镇静剂或镇痛药保护作用差.结论 恰当的镇静-镇痛治疗可有效降低ICU严重不适经历的发生率.我国ICU机械通气患者接受系统镇静-镇痛治疗的比例较低,对ICU医师进行系统镇静-镇痛知识和方法的培训亟待加强.     

急性基底动脉闭塞性脑卒中早期血管内治疗预后的影响因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨急性基底动脉闭塞(BAO)患者早期血管内治疗(EVT)预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2011年12月至2020年12月在东部战区总医院、2014年12月至2020年12月在皖南医学院弋矶山医院接受EVT的201例急性BAO患者临床资料。预后不良定义为90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分>3分。采用单因素和二元logistic回归分析BAO患者EVT后预后不良的影响因素。结果共纳入201例患者,平均年龄(62±12)岁,男性148例(73.6%),90 d预后不良126例(62.7%)。二元logistic回归分析表明,低基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分(OR=1.100,95%CI=1.015~1.192,P=0.020)、高基线后循环Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(pc-ASPECTS)(OR=0.776,95%CI=0.604~0.997,P=0.047)、良好脑侧支循环(2级比0级,OR=0.315,95%CI=0.119~0.534,P=0.20)、血管成功再通(OR=0.313,95%CI=0.102~0.956,P=0.042)及低空腹血糖水平(OR=1.140,95%CI=1.002~1.297,P=0.046)是BAO患者EVT后90 d良好预后的独立预测因素。亚组分析显示,低基线NIHSS评分(OR=1.098,95%CI=1.014~1.190,P=0.022)、良好脑侧支循环(2级比0级,OR=0.364,95%CI=0.134~0.992,P=0.048)是血管成功再通患者EVT后90 d良好预后的独立预测因素。结论基线pc-ASPECTS、基线NIHSS评分、空腹血糖水平、脑侧支循环状态及血管再通状态是BAO患者EVT后90 d预后的独立预测因素,基线NIHSS评分高和脑侧支循环差是早期成功再通后预后不良的危险因素。     

对多发伤是否增加术后早期认知功能障碍风险的前瞻性队列研究

目的研究多发伤对全麻患者术后早期认知功能障碍的影响。方法收集多发伤及非创伤择期手术全身麻醉患者各60例,年龄18~70岁。分别于术前1d及术后3、5d用简明智力状况检查表(MMSE)评估患者术后早期认知功能并收集相关信息,采用Logistic回归分析评估。结果排除术中长时间低血压和低氧血症(5例)、术后无法配合问卷(2例)及信息不完整病例(2例)后共111例患者参与统计分析。术后3d非创伤组11例患者出现认知功能异常[20.37%(95%CI 15.14~26.83)],多发伤组19例[33.33%(95%CI20.85~48.03)];术后5d,非创伤组5例患者异常[9.26%(95%CI 3.71~15.62)],多发伤组9例[15.79%(95%CI 8.93~22.30)]。Logistic回归分析示,合并多发伤(OR 3.01,95%CI 2.08~5.12,P=0.001)、年龄(OR 4.60,95%CI 1.92~8.11,P=0.010)、舒芬太尼用量(OR 1.39,95%CI 1.05~1.97,P=0.027)为术后3d认知功能异常的独立危险因素,受教育年数(OR 0.63,95%CI 0.52~0.74,P=0.041)为保护因素;合并多发伤(OR 2.84,95%CI 1.35~4.18,P=0.002)、年龄(OR 3.89,95%CI 2.51~7.87,P=0.013)为术后5d的独立危险因素,受教育年数(OR 0.57,95%CI 0.44~0.80,P=0.036)为保护因素。结论合并多发伤为患者全麻术后认知功能异常的独立危险因素,其他危险因素有年龄、舒芬太尼用量,受教育年数为保护因素。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.