化浊解毒益气方对肝纤维化大鼠细胞因子的影响

目的 观察化浊解毒益气方对肝纤维化大鼠转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1(TIMP-1) mRNA表达的影响.方法 采用腹腔注射猪血清的方法建立免疫性肝纤维化大鼠动物模型,以化浊解毒益气方分别于造模的开始和第8周进行干预,以秋水仙碱作为阳性对照.分别于造模的8和12 w处死5只大鼠,提取肝组织行RT-PCR法检测TGF-β1和TIMP-1 mRNA的表达.结果 腹腔注射猪血清成功复制了免疫性肝纤维化大鼠模型,与正常对照组相比,模型对照组TGF-β1和TIMP-1 mRNA的表达明显增高(P＜0.05);中药干预可降低TGF-β1和TIMP-1 mRNA的表达,其作用优于秋水仙碱(P＜0.05).但中药预防组与中药治疗组之间,秋水仙碱预防组与秋水仙碱治疗组之间,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 化浊解毒益气方可以减轻猪血清诱导的大鼠免疫性肝纤维化,其作用可能与降低肝组织TGF-β1和TIMP-1 mRNA的表达有关.     

实验性肝纤维化大鼠MMPs和TIMPs mRNA表达及中药小柴胡汤的作用

目的 探讨大鼠肝纤维化过程中MMP-2、TIMP-1 mRNA表达及小柴胡汤对其的影响.方法 用40%的四氯化碳制备大鼠肝纤维化模型,并用不同剂量的小柴胡汤进行干预.应用HE常规染色法对肝组织切片行组织病理学检查;应用逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)半定量测定大鼠肝组织中MMP-2、TIMP-1 mRNA的表达.结果 (1)肝组织病理学检查结果显示:小柴胡汤治疗组与模型组相比,肝纤维化程度显著减轻.(2)病理模型组TIMP-1 mRNA与正常对照组比明显升高(P＜0.01);而MMP-2 mRNA却明显降低(P＜0.05).(3)小柴胡汤治疗组TIMP-l mRNA与模型组比显著降低(P＜0.01),而MMP-2 mRNA与模型组无差异(P＞0.05).结论 TIMP-1 mRNA在肝纤维化过程中升高;小柴胡汤能显著减轻大鼠肝纤维化程度,其可能通过下调TIMP-1 mRNA的表达发挥作用.     

正肝化瘀方对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织MMPs和TIMPs蛋白表达的影响

目的：观察正肝化瘀方对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织MMPs和TIMPs蛋白表达的影响，探讨其抗肝纤维化的作用机制。方法：将36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组与正肝化瘀方组，对正肝化瘀方组大鼠采用四氯化碳＋高脂低蛋白饮食诱导肝纤维化模型，造模当天即以正肝化瘀方溶液进行灌胃，6周，模型组和正常组大鼠予以等量生理盐水灌胃。采用蛋白印迹法分析各组大鼠肝组织α-SMA、TIMP-1和TIMP-2蛋白的表达，明胶酶图法检测各组大鼠肝组织MMP-2和MMP-9的活性。结果：模型组大鼠肝组织α-SMA蛋白表达明显增强，正肝化瘀方组大鼠α-SMA蛋白表达明显减弱；模型组大鼠肝组织MMP-2／9活性显著升高，正肝化瘀方组的MMP-2／9蛋白活性明显下降；模型组大鼠肝组织TIMP-1／2蛋白表达明显增强，正肝化瘀方组大鼠肝组织TIMP-1／2蛋白表达较模型组减弱，其TIMP-2蛋白表达减弱更为明显。结论：正肝化瘀方能显著下调α-SMA蛋白表达，降低MMP-2／9蛋白活性，下调MMP-2／9蛋白和TIMP-1／2蛋白的表达．促进ECM（细胞外基质）的降解，抑制肝纤维化的形成，促进肝纤维化的逆转。     

干扰素-γ对大鼠肝组织中的MMP-13与TIMP-1表达的干预作用

目的 探讨干扰素-γ对实验性大鼠肝组织中的基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)与金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)表达的影响.方法 SD大鼠22只,随机分为3组:正常组(7只)、模型组(6只)和干扰素-γ组(9只);用四氯化碳制备大鼠肝纤维化模型,在10周末处死各组大鼠,取肝脏进行HE染色,并运用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肝组织中MMP-13 mRNA与TIMP-1 mRNA的表达量.结果 MMP-13 mRNA的表达,与正常组对比,模型组和干扰素-γ组的MMP-13 mRNA的表达量增高(P<0.01),但模型组和干扰素-γ组之间还不能认为有统计学差别(P>0.01);而TIMP-1 mRNA表达与正常组相比,模型组和干扰素-γ组中的TIMP-1 mRNA的表达都升高(P<0.01),而且模型组中的TIMP-1 mRNA表达量比干扰素-γ组高(P<0.01).在肝纤维化病理学观察的量化秩和分析中,各组之间的差别明显(P<0.005).结论 干扰素-γ逆转肝纤维化的机制可能是减少肝纤维化大鼠肝脏中的TIMP-1 mR-NA的表达,从而逆转肝纤维化.     

MMP-1、TIMP-1与实验性肝纤维化形成过程中基质转换的关系及抗纤软肝颗粒的干预作用

目的：动态观察肝纤维化形成过程中肝组织MMP-1、TIMP-1 mRNA及Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的表达，以探讨MMP-1、TIMP-1与基质转换的关系，以及抗纤软肝颗粒对它们的影响。方法：将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、CCl4模型组与治疗组。采用250ml／L CCl4在大鼠皮下注射制备肝纤维化模型，并同时给与抗纤软肝颗粒治疗，各组分别于第3、5、7、9、11周分批处死大鼠，取肝脏标本。采用免疫组织化学法检测肝组织Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原，原位杂交的方法检测MMP-1 mRNA、TIMP-1 mRNA。结果：在肝纤维化形成过程中：①胶原持续增高，治疗组较同期模型组比较有不同程度的降低。②MMP-1 mRNA的表达先逐渐增强，后期有所下降；治疗组较同期模型组比较有不同程度的增强。③TIMP-1 mRNA的表达持续增强，治疗组较同期模型组比较有不同程度的减弱。TIMP-1 mRNA与Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的表达呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论：在肝纤维化过程中TIMP-1通过对MMP-1活性的抑制，导致ECM在肝脏内的过度沉积；抗纤软肝颗粒能促进MMP-1的表达，抑制TIMP-1的表达。促进肢原降解而产生抗肝纤维化作用。     

软肝化坚颗粒对肝纤维化C57小鼠肝组织中MMP-13和TIMP-1 mRNA表达的影响

目的观察软肝化坚颗粒对肝纤维化模型C57小鼠血清中基质金属蛋白酶13(MMP-13)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1(TIMP-1)的含量和肝组织中MMP-13和TIMP-1 mRNA表达的影响。方法 40只C57小鼠被随机分为4组,每组10只,即正常对照组、模型对照组、模型软肝化坚颗粒组和模型秋水仙碱组。采用四氯化碳腹腔注射制造小鼠肝纤维化模型。分别采用ELISA法和实时荧光定量PCR检测小鼠血清MMPs、TIMP-1含量及肝组织中MMP-13和TIMP-1 mRNA的表达。同一指标的多组间计量资料的比较采用方差分析。结果与正常对照组相比较,模型对照组血清中MMPs的含量明显降低,TIMP-1的含量明显升高,P=0.003、0.027,模型软肝化坚颗粒组与正常对照组相比差异均无统计学意义,P=0.364、0.217。与正常对照组相比,模型软肝化坚颗粒组小鼠肝组织中MMP-13 mRNA的表达量显著升高,P=0.005,TIMP-1 mRNA的表达量差异无统计学意义,P=0.997;模型对照组小鼠肝组织中TIMP-1 mRNA的表达量明显升高,差异具有统计学意义,P=0.009。结论软肝化坚颗粒不但可促进MMPs的产生,而且可抑制TIMP-1产生,进而促进ECM的降解,这可能也是软肝化坚颗粒抗肝纤维化的重要机制之一。     

护肝解纤汤对肝纤维化大鼠基质金属蛋白酶-1及其抑制因子表达的影响

目的观察自拟护肝解纤汤对肝纤维化大鼠基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)表达的影响,探讨其抗肝纤维化的机制。方法 100只雄性SD大鼠随机分7组后,其中6组以四氯化碳(CCl4)腹腔注射方法制作大鼠肝纤维化模型,造模后除模型组外分别施以低、中、高剂量姜黄组成的护肝解纤汤灌胃,小柴胡汤及复方鳖甲软肝片为阳性对照,12周后同时处死大鼠,检测血清MMP-1及TIMP-1含量及肝组织MMP-1及TIMP-1表达的变化。结果与模型组比较,护肝解纤汤可使肝纤维化大鼠血清MMP-1含量增加,血清TIMP-1水平下降,其中均以低剂量姜黄组效果明显,差异有显著性;与模型组比较,各组肝组织中MMP-1阳性表达明显增加,TIMP-1阳性表达明显减少,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论护肝解纤汤具有促进MMP-1表达、抑制TIMP-1表达的作用,其抗肝纤维化作用可能与促进MMP-1表达、抑制TIMP-1表达等机制有关。     

绞股蓝总皂苷对四氯化碳诱导的肝纤维化大鼠肝组织基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制物的影响

目的:观察绞股蓝总皂苷对CCl4(四氯化碳)诱导的大鼠肝纤维化基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)及其抑制物(TIMPs)的影响。方法:采用CCl4诱导的大鼠肝纤维化模型,分为正常组(n=6)、造模组(n=36),造模6周后,造模组大鼠死亡2只,剩余大鼠分为模型组(n=12)、绞股蓝总皂苷组(n=11)、秋水仙碱组(n=11)。造模第7周开始给药(剂量按公斤体重绞股蓝总皂苷200mg.kg-1.d-1、秋水仙碱0.1mg.kg-1.d-1),给药3周。观察:①大鼠一般情况变化;②肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hydroxyproline,Hyp)含量;③肝组织天狼星红染色;④肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA):免疫组化染色;⑤肝组织MMP-2、MMP-9活性:明胶酶谱实验;⑥肝组织TIMP-1、TIMP-2蛋白表达:western-blot检测。结果:较之正常组,模型组大鼠肝组织Hyp含量显著增高,肝脏纤维增生明显,肝组织α-SMA阳性表达及肝组织MMP-2、MMP-9活性和肝组织TIMP-1、TIMP-2蛋白表达显著增加。而绞股蓝总皂苷组较模型组大鼠的肝组织Hyp含量和纤维增生程度显著降低、α-SMA阳性表达减轻,MMP-2、MMP-9活性和TIMP-1、TIMP-2蛋白表达均显著下降。结论:绞股蓝总皂苷有显著的抗肝纤维化作用,其机理与抑制肝星状细胞活化及调节胶原代谢有关。     

秋水仙碱对肝纤维化大鼠肝脏基质金属蛋白酶-1及其抑制因子-1表达的影响

目的 观察秋水仙碱对纤维化肝脏基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)表达的影响,从胶原降解的角度探讨秋水仙碱对肝纤维化有无逆转作用及可能存在的机制.方法 制备免疫性大鼠肝纤维化模型,并给予秋水仙碱治疗;通过RT-PCR检测MMP-1、TIMP-1的表达,并作Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的免疫组化以及Masson胶原染色.结果 发现秋水仙碱对肝纤维化大鼠MMP-1的表达无明显影响(P>0.05),但可以抑制TIMP-1的表达(P<0.05),促进Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的降解(P<0.05);然而在病理形态学的观察中,未发现秋水仙碱治疗组与肝纤维化模型组之间存在的显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 秋水仙碱可以抑制纤维化肝脏TIMP-1的表达,从而增强间质胶原酶的活性,促进Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的降解,产生抗肝纤维化的作用,但其作用有限.     

水飞蓟宾在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎进展过程中对肝纤维化的影响

目的研究水飞蓟宾对NASH大鼠肝纤维化进展的影响。方法30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常饮食对照组（n=10）、高脂饮食模型组（n=10）和水飞蓟宾治疗组（n=10），实验时间12周。生化法检测血清AST，ALT，TG，CHO。放免法检测HA，RTPCR法检测TIMP-1、TIMP-2、MMP-2、MMP-13mRNA的表达，紫外分光光度计测量SOD及MDA。结果与模型组比较，水飞蓟宾治疗组大鼠肝功改善，HA及SOD含量下降，TIMP-1、TIMP-2、MMP-2表这降低，MMP-13及MDA升高，肝纤维化程度减轻。结论水飞蓟宾具有一定抗纤维化作用。     

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is synthesized in anterior pituitary tissue

Previous studies have suggested that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is involved in regulation of PRL secretion within the pituitary gland. In order to determine whether VIP is synthesized in anterior pituitary tissue, we performed three experiments. In all experiments, anterior pituitaries were obtained from male rats. The tissue was then labeled by incubation in leucine-free minimum essential medium containing [3H]leucine, 14 microCi/ml. In Exp I, the labeled tissue was homogenized, centrifuged, and the supernatant was chromatographed on Sephadex G-50F. The fractions indicated a large peak of counts near the void volume and another peak coeluting with VIP. These latter fractions were pooled and subjected to reverse phase HPLC. Fractions from the HPLC indicated: a protein peak, VIP immunoreactivity, and maximum counts immunoprecipitated by anti-VIP serum at the retention time of synthetic porcine VIP. Exp II consisted of perifusion of labeled pituitary quarters over a 120-min period followed by an additional 60 min in the presence of 56 mM KCl. During this latter period of KCl depolarization, a large amount of 3H-labeled material was secreted. These fractions were then chromatographed on Sephadex G-50F, and the fractions coeluting with [125I]porcine VIP were subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-VIP serum. In addition, all fractions from the Sephadex column were assayed for VIP, and the only activity was at the elution volume of [125I]porcine VIP. In Exp III, the pituitary labeling procedure included 3.6 X 10(-5) M cycloheximide. Subsequently, the tissue was perifused and the perifusate collected during the 60-min 56 mM KCl perifusion phase was pooled and immunoprecipitated with anti-VIP serum. No immunoprecipitable counts were obtained. These experiments indicate that anterior pituitary tissue synthesizes VIP on the basis of the HPLC profile and immunoprecipitation with specific anti-VIP antiserum. These results, in addition to other studies by our laboratory and others, suggest that intrapituitary VIP may be an important regulator of anterior pituitary hormone secretion, particularly PRL.     

Contribution of immune response to the hepatic fibrosis induced by porcine serum

To investigate whether hepatic fibrosis induced by porcine serum in rats is caused by an immune reaction to porcine serum, rats that were immunologically tolerant exclusively to porcine serum were subjected to the repeated injection of porcine serum over a long period. This porcine serum-tolerant group consisted of 15 Wistar rats that had been injected intraperitoneally with porcine serum twice a week from the first postnatal day for 18 weeks. The control group consisted of 16 Wistar rats, aged 8 weeks, that were injected intraperitoneally with porcine serum twice a week for 10 weeks. Livers were fixed and examined by light microscopy. The serum of each rat was subjected to indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the level of antibody to porcine albumin. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for ED1 was performed on untreated normal and porcine serum-induced fibrotic rat livers to examine the distribution of macrophages and their precursors, the monocytes. All rats in the tolerant group showed an extremely low antibody level (x = 68.27 +/- 4.53), and none (0/15) developed hepatic fibrosis. The majority of rats in the control group showed a very high antibody level (x = 1242.19 +/- 201.15); 75 percent (12/16) developed hepatic fibrosis. Data indicate that, despite the prolonged, repeated injections of porcine serum, if an immune response to porcine serum does not occur, the rats do not develop hepatic fibrosis. The porcine serum-tolerant rats developed hepatic fibrosis after 4 weeks of CCl4 treatment, indicating that injection of porcine serum into neonatal rats did not cause anergy of fibrogenesis, thereby preventing the animal from developing hepatic fibrosis. In normal rat liver, ED1-positive cells, which include nearly all Kupffer cells, were located pre-dominantly in the periportal area. In fibrotic rat liver, ED1-positive cells aggregated prominently in the newly formed and advanced connective tissue septa developed mainly between the neighboring central veins, and in fibrotic parts of the liver capsule. Aggregation of ED1-positive cells was rarely observed in nonfibrotic parts of the liver capsule. The difference between normal and fibrotic rat liver in distribution of EDl-positive cells suggests an involvement of macrophages in fibrogenesis and septum formation. In conclusion, our study showed a significant contribution by the immune response to porcine serum antigens leading to porcine serum-induced rat hepatic fibrosis--processes in which macrophages may be important. This study may lead to an understanding of the mechanism responsible for this form of experimental hepatic fibrosis. (Hepatology 1996 Apr;23(4):811-7)     

重组葡激酶加中药对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠心肌核转录因子κB的激活作用

[目的]研究重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）心肌功能损害时心肌核转录因子κB（NF-κB）的活化及葡激酶的干预作用。[方法]63只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（n=9）、对照组（n=27）、葡激酶合用益活清胰汤治疗组（n=27），SAP模型采用5％牛磺胆酸钠胰胆管逆行注射方法建立。ELISA法测定6、12、24h各时点血肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）水平，RT-PCR检测心肌NF-κB mRNA的表达，免疫组化法检测心肌NF-κB蛋白的表达，苏木精-伊红染色光镜下观察胰腺及心肌组织的病理变化。[结果]术后6h大鼠心肌NF-κB mRNA及其蛋白表达异常增高，TNF-α、IL-6呈进行性升高，治疗组用药后心肌NF-κB mRNA及蛋白表达下调，血TNF-α、IL-6明显下降，与对照组相比P＜0．05，治疗组胰腺及心肌组织的病理变化减轻。[结论]SAP大鼠心肌损伤可能与循环中TNF-α、IL-6水平升高导致的心肌NF-κB活化有关，益活清胰汤合用葡激酶对SAP并发的心肌损伤具有防治作用。     

下瘀血汤抑制胶质细胞源性神经营养因子抗肝纤维化的作用机制

目的探讨下瘀血汤是否通过抑制胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)发挥抗肝纤维化的作用。方法24只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、下瘀血汤组,每组各8只。模型组和下瘀血汤小鼠腹腔注射10%CCl4,第4周开始下瘀血汤组小鼠给予0.4678 g/kg下瘀血汤灌胃。检测肝功能指标ALT、AST水平,观测肝脏组织病理形态学。免疫组化检测平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)及GDNF蛋白表达。GDNF(10 ng/ml)处理GFP-Col-HSC和人原代肝星状细胞(HSC),检测HSC活化。计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果模型组ALT和AST水平较对照组显著升高,下瘀血汤组ALT和AST水平较模型组显著降低(P值均<0.01)。肝组织病理学显示,模型组炎症细胞浸润明显,增生的胶原纤维形成纤维间隔,下瘀血汤组胶原纤维间隔较疏松及炎症细胞浸润减轻。免疫组化显示,与对照组相比,模型组α-SMA及GDNF阳性表达显著升高(P值均<0.01),均分布在纤维间隔,下瘀血汤组α-SMA与GDNF表达较模型组均显著降低(P值均<0.05)。免疫印迹结果显示,对照小鼠肝组织GDNF表达比较低,CCl4造模6周肝纤维化形成,GDNF表达上调10倍左右,下瘀血汤显著抑制模型小鼠GDNF蛋白表达(P值均<0.01);α-SMA和Ⅰ型胶原α1(Col1)表达在肝纤维化模型小鼠显著上调,下瘀血汤处理后α-SMA与Col1显著下降(P值均<0.01)。体外结果显示,GDNF可诱导HSC细胞α-SMA及Ⅰ型胶原α1蛋白表达显著上调,而下瘀血汤对此有显著抑制作用(P值均<0.01)。结论肝纤维化形成中GDNF表达显著上调,GDNF可诱导HSC活化,下瘀血汤可抑制GDNF从而抗肝纤维化。     

健脾理气法对功能性消化不良大鼠的治疗作用及其机制的研究

[目的]观察健脾理气法对脾虚气滞型功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠的治疗作用及其分子生物学机制。[方法]60只SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常组,治疗组,对照组,模型组。后3组采用夹尾刺激法制备FD模型,各组分别以0.85%氯化钠、健脾理气中药、0.85%氯化钠、安慰剂灌胃,1周后检测大鼠胃动力,胃窦及血清中钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ(CaMKⅡ)的含量以及胃窦细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)磷酸化水平。[结果]与正常组相比,模型组大鼠胃动力降低,血清及胃窦中CaMKⅡ含量降低,胃窦ERK1/2磷酸化水平降低;经健脾理气中药治疗后,大鼠胃动力明显改善,血清及胃窦中CaMKⅡ含量有所恢复。[结论]CaMKⅡ的表达及ERK1/2的活性与FD存在一定的关系,二者含量和活性的降低可能是FD发病的机制之一;健脾理气法不影响ERK1/2的活性,但可能通过增加CaMKⅡ表达,促进胃动力,达到治疗FD目的。     

Evaluation of role of mast cells in the development of liver fibrosis using mast cell-deficient rats and mice.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several studies have suggested that mast cells participate in the development of liver fibrosis in rodent models. In this study mast cell-deficient mutant Ws/Ws rats and W/Wv mice were used to examine whether mast cells are involved in the development of liver fibrosis. METHODS: Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by bile duct resection (BDR), and by intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or porcine serum, and in mice by intragastric administrations of CCl4, and BDR. The degree of fibrosis was evaluated by measuring the hydroxyproline content (microg/mg tissue) of the liver as an index of the collagen content. The density of mast cells (number/cm2 liver section) was determined by counting mast cells in liver sections stained with alcian blue. RESULTS: In the liver of control non-mutant (+/+) rats, mast cells were found principally in portal areas, and their average density was 200-300/cm2 liver section. BDR, and treatments with CCl4 and porcine serum increased the density of mast cells in the liver of +/+ rats several-fold, and induced liver fibrosis, increasing the liver hydroxyproline content markedly. BDR, and treatments with CCl4 and porcine serum also induced liver fibrosis in Ws/Ws rats, increasing the liver hydroxyproline content to a similar or higher level than that in +/+ rats. However, the average densities of mast cells in the liver of Ws/Ws rats after BDR and treatment with CCl4 and porcine serum were at most 10.2/cm2 liver section. The density of mast cells in the liver of control +/+ mice was extremely low (average, less than 2), and neither BDR nor treatment with CCl4 caused any significant increase in their density, whereas these treatments induced liver fibrosis and markedly increased the liver hydroxyproline content. Furthermore, treatment with CCl4 induced fibrosis in the liver of W/Wv mice similarly to that in +/+ mice, but the density of mast cells in the liver of W/Wv mice was very low (average, less than 1), and was not increased by treatment with CCl4. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that mast cells play no role in the development of liver fibrosis in rats and mice.     

大鼠血中生姜泻心汤甘草次酸含量与胃运动的关系

[目的]探讨大鼠血中生姜泻心汤甘草次酸含量与胃运动关系。[方法]采用高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血中生姜泻心汤甘草次酸的含量；通过测定大鼠胃内标记物葡聚糖篮的胃内残留率，观察生姜泻心汤对大鼠胃排空作用的影响，分析二者之间的相关性。[结果]生姜泻心汤对大鼠的胃排空有明显的抑制作用（P〈0．05）；大鼠血中生姜泻心汤甘草次酸含量与生姜泻心汤的抑制胃排空作用之间呈正相关（r=0．598，P〈0．05）。[结论]甘草次酸可能是生姜泻心汤抑制胃运动的物质基础之一。     

Role of the serum estrogen-binding protein in the control of tissue estradiol levels during postnatal development of the female rat.

The role of the serum estrogen-binding protein (EBP) in the control of tissue estradiol levels during postnatal development of the female rat was examined. The estradiol-binding capacity of serum from the 1-day-old rats far exceeded the physiological level of estradiol in serum. The binding capacity decreased exponentially during the first 5 weeks of life to reach the low adult level at about the time of vaginal opening on day 37. From these observations one would predict that EBP would bind estradiol in the serum of the neonate, thereby preventing tissue uptake of the hormone. As the levels of EBP decline with advancing age, there should be a corresponding shift in the distribution of estradiol from serum to tissues. We have taken in vivo and in vitro approaches to evaluate these proposals. Female rats of various ages (1 day to 1 yr old) were sacrificed 1 h after [3H]estradiol injection and the radioactivity in serum and tissues was determined. During the first 11 days of life, the concentration of [3H]estradiol in serum was greater than the concentration of this hormone in estrogen-sensitive (uterus) and insensitive (lung, cerebral cortex, and diaphragm) tissues. Tissue to serum ratios of [3H]estradiol increased progressively between 13-34 days and then plateaued at about the time of puberty (37 days of age) at levels which were 50- to 150-fold greater than those observed in the neonate. The increase in tissue to serum ratios of [3H]estradiol during postnatal development probably resulted from the decline in serum EBP, since injection of neonatal serum into 28-day-old rats reduced tissue to serum ratios of [3H]estradiol to levels which were similar to those observed in 16-day-old animals. To determine the effects of EBP on uterine uptake of estradiol in vitro, uteri from 21-day-old rats were incubated with [3H]estradiol and serum obtained from rats of various ages. As the concentration of serum EBP declined with advancing serum donor age, there was a corresponding increase in the uterine uptake of [3H]estradiol. These results suggest that the decline in EBP is responsible for the progressive increase in tissue to serum ratios of estradiol during the first 5 weeks of life. It is suggested that the increase in tissue to serum ratios of estradiol between days 13-37 postpartum is an important factor in the initiation of estrogenic events during postnatal sexual maturation in the female rat.     

肺表面活性物质对COPD大鼠模型基质金属蛋白酶-9及其抑制剂的影响

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）大鼠模型基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）、MMP组织抑制剂（TIMP-1）表达,以及肺表面活性物质（PS）对其的影响。方法用香烟熏吸加气管内注入脂多糖法建立大鼠COPD模型,PS进行干预,观察其肺功能、肺组织病理学改变,免疫组化法检测肺MMP-9及TIMP-1表达;并设正常对照组。结果COPD组肺功能与对照组有明显统计学差异。COPD组MMP-9表达强阳性,TIMP-1轻度增多,二者比例失衡。PS干预后肺功能改善,组织损伤减轻,MMP-9阳性表达减弱,MMP-9、TIMP-1比例趋于平衡。结论PS对COPD有预防保护作用,可延缓其病情发展。     

Glucose uptake and glycolytic flux in adipose tissue from rats adapted to a high-protein, carbohydrate-free diet

Rates of glucose uptake by epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue in vivo, as well as rates of hexose uptake and glycolytic flux in isolated adipocytes, were determined in rats adapted to a high-protein, carbohydrate-free (HP) diet and in control rats fed a balanced (N) diet. Adaptation to the HP diet induced a significant reduction in rates of glucose uptake, estimated with 2-deoxy-[1-(3)H]-glucose, both by adipose tissue (epididymal and retroperitoneal) in vivo and by isolated adipocytes. Twelve hours after replacement of the HP diet with the balanced diet, rates of adipose tissue uptake in vivo in HP-adapted rats returned to levels that did not differ significantly from those in N-fed rats. The rate of flux in the glycolytic pathway, estimated with (3)H[5]-glucose, was also significantly reduced in adipocytes from HP-fed rats. In agreement with the above findings, the activities of hexokinase (HK), phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1), and pyruvate kinase (PK) were markedly reduced in adipose tissue from HP-adapted rats. The activity of pyruvate kinase was partially reverted by diet replacement for 12 hours. The low-plasma insulin and high-glucagon levels in HP-fed rats may have played an important role in the reduction of adipose tissue glucose utilization in these animals.