PCR法检测140例儿童EB病毒DNA的临床分析

目的探讨应用聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)检测EBV-DNA的临床应用及140例EBV阳性病例的临床分析。方法应用PCR和荧光检测技术检测外周血EBV-DNA,并对140例阳性病例的临床特点进行回顾性分析。结果病例年龄1月～12岁,中位年龄3岁,<3岁84例,3～7岁45例,>7岁11例;140例患儿中传染性单核细胞增多症17例(12.1%),呼吸道感染20例(14.3%),另外还有原发性血小板减少性紫癜、肝炎、嗜血细胞综合征、过敏性紫癜等及隐性感染病例;结论PCR法检测EBV-DNA时间短,准确性好,灵敏度高,在EB病毒感染相关疾病诊断中很有价值。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病并EB病毒感染的临床分析

目的 探讨EB病毒(EBV)在急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)儿童中的感染及其临床意义.方法采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)技术检测EBV DNA,ELISA法检测EB病毒衣壳抗原IgM抗体(EBV-CA-IgM),共检测47例.其中新发45例,复发2例;年龄0～14岁[(8.06±3.71)岁].另取14例健康儿童作为健康对照组.男9例,女5例;年龄2～10岁[(7.24±2.54)岁].结合临床表现、诱导治疗骨髓完全缓解(CR)率、形态学CR状态下的微小残留病(MRD)、复发率及无事件生存(EFS)率等分析ALL患儿中EBV感染情况及其临床意义.结果 47例ALL患儿中检出EBV感染15例(31.9%),其中11例(23.40%)检出EBV DNA,EBV DNA水平为(3.28±5.95)×108copy·L-1;14例健康对照组外周血未检测到EBV DNA及EBV-CA-IgM.ALL中EBV感染组与非EBV感染组白细胞数分别为(78.00±58.38)×109 L-1、(27.46±60.10)×109 L-1(t=2.70,P=0.01),诱导治疗CR率分别为 46.7%、87.5%(P<0.01),MRD>10-3分别为90.0%、26.1%(P<0.01),复发率分别为53.8%、13.8%(P<0.01),EFS率分别为 23.1%、82.8%(P<0.01).结论 ALL并EBV感染具有高白细胞数、低诱导治疗CR率、高复发率、低EFS率,提示EBV感染可能参与儿童ALL的发生发展过程,亟待改善EBV感染ALL的治疗方法.     

基于733例择期手术患儿的EB病毒感染血清流行病学调查

目的 了解不同年龄段儿童EB病毒(EBV)感染现状及流行病学特点。方法 以首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2010年行外科择期手术住院患儿为研究对象,并排除临床EBV感染的病例。以患儿生化检测后剩余血清,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清EBV-CA-IgG、EBV-NA-IgG和EBV-CA-IgM抗体。计算EBV累计感染率和新发感染率,分析各年龄组EBV感染的性别和城乡特征。结果 733例患儿进入分析,男414例,女319例。<1岁306例,~5岁193例,～10岁147例,～17岁87例。①CA-IgG、NA-IgG和CA-IgM抗体的总阳性率分别为70.4%（516例）、68.4%（501例）和0.7%（5例）;CA-IgG、NA-IgG的阳性率随年龄增长呈增高趋势;②<1、～5、～10和～17岁组EBV累计感染率分别为54.2％、74.6％、85.0％和90.8％;新发感染率分别为2.1％、2.4％、0和11.1％;③各年龄组男女性累计感染率差异无统计学意义;④各年龄组CA-IgG抗体阳性率和累计感染率均呈现城区高于郊区的趋向,但差异无统计学意义。结论 儿童EBV原发感染的年龄较早,10岁时近90%的儿童血清EBV-CA-IgG抗体阳性,年龄较20世纪80年代有所延迟。     

乌鲁木齐地区住院呼吸道感染患儿EB病毒感染的调查

目的探讨乌鲁木齐地区住院呼吸道感染患儿EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)感染率和临床特征。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA),对2010年1月至12月收治住院的呼吸道感染患儿887例,进行血清EBV IgM抗体测定,调查EBV感染率;同时进行血清支原体、衣原体、腺病毒及合胞病毒IgM抗体检测;并对EBV感染的季节,感染患儿的性别、年龄、民族及临床表现进行分析。结果 2010年乌鲁木齐地区住院呼吸道感染患儿中,EBV感染率为33.48%(297/887);EBV IgM抗体全年都有检出,冬春季为高峰期;EBV感染以≤7岁患儿为主;EBV感染在性别及民族间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。EBV合并支原体感染为14.48%(43/297),合并腺病毒感染为10.77%(32/297),合并合胞病毒感染为9.43%(28/297),合并衣原体感染为2.69%(8/297)。患儿感染EBV后多以发热为主。结论 EBV感染是乌鲁木齐地区住院呼吸道感染患儿的重要致病病原之一,及时针对EBV感染作相应的实验室检查,明确病原诊断,及时治疗,可以缩短病程,提高治愈率。     

可溶性白细胞介素-2受体检测在儿童EB病毒感染相关疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨可溶性白细胞介素(白介素)-2受体检测在儿童EB病毒(EBV)感染相关疾病鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法将72例患儿分为IM组、IM转化EBV相关的噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症(EBV-HLH)组和EBV-HLH组;采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)分别检测患儿血清可溶性白介素-2受体和EBV抗体四项(EBV壳抗原VCA-IgM、VCA-IgG和EBV早期抗原EA-IgG、EBV核抗原-1 EBNA-1-IgG),荧光实时定量PCR检测患儿血浆EBV-DNA的表达,流式细胞术分析淋巴细胞亚群(CD3,CD4,CD8,CD19,CD56)。结果 72例患儿急性期可溶性白介素-2受体水平均超过2 400 U/ml;IM转化组在急性期可溶性白介素-2受体水平仅轻度增高(4 320 U/ml),与IM组(3 310 U/ml)无明显差异,治疗后却明显增高(8 970 U/ml),并接近EBV-HLH组水平(11 230U/ml);EBV抗体四项显示IM转化组和EBV-HLH组在治疗后VCA-IgG和EA-IgG仍然持续高滴度,同时EBV核抗原-1-IgG仍持续阴性;三组急性期都有EBV-DNA拷贝数从低拷贝至高拷贝的病例,治疗后IM转化组和EBV-HLH组仍可检测到EBV-DNA(3×103~4×105copies/ml);IM转化组和EBV-HLH组CD8+细胞在治疗后仍持续较高水平[(61.32±4.63)%,(68.36±4.32)%],并同时出现NK细胞(CD56+)比例下降[(9.23±3.28)%,(10.52.±3.34)%]。结论结合EBV抗体、EBV-DNA和淋巴细胞亚群检测,可溶性白介素-2受体检查有可能成为追踪观察EBV感染相关疾病的指标之一。     

儿童急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜与EB病毒感染的关系研究

目的探讨儿童急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)与EB病毒(EBV)感染的关系。方法应用ELISA法检测72例急性ITP患儿及同期66例有呼吸道感染史,而血小板计数正常患儿的EBV-IgM。结果72例ITP患儿中有20例存在EBV感染,感染率为27.78%,66例有呼吸道感染史而血小板计数正常患儿中有8例存在EBV感染,感染率为12.12%。经χ2检验,二者感染率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论儿童急性ITP与EBV感染有关。     

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目的探讨儿童非典型EB病毒(EBV)感染的临床特点。方法2000年3月至2005年4月,深圳市儿童医院在住院患儿中检测出EBVVCAIgM和(或)EBVDNA阳性共690例,其中传染性单核细胞增多症422例,另外268例为非典型EBV感染,对其临床特点进行回顾性分析。结果儿童非典型EBV感染以呼吸道感染最为多见(191/268,71.3%),其它为皮炎13例(4.9%)、腹泻病10例(3.7%)、血小板减少性紫癜10例(3.7%)、肾炎或肾病7例(2.6%)、肠系膜或颈淋巴结炎8例(3.0%)、结膜炎7例(2.6%),川崎病、嗜血细胞综合征、中枢神经系统感染各4例(1.5%),心肌炎、播散性脑脊髓炎各2例(0.7%),再生障碍性贫血、坏死性淋巴结炎、腮腺炎、高IgM血症、嗜酸细胞增多症各1例(0.4%),诊断不明1例(0.4%)。其中嗜血细胞综合征患儿有2例死亡。结论儿童非典型EBV感染症状多样,累及系统多,预后不一。EBVVCAIgM或EBVDNA检测有利于早期诊断,并进行合理治疗。     

EBV-DNA检测在血液肿瘤性疾病中的应用价值

EB病毒 (EBV)属人类疱疹病毒 ,与人类多种疾病相关联。目的 　本研究探讨EB病毒感染与恶性血液病的关系。方法 　应用PCR法检测 38例血液肿瘤性疾病患儿骨髓细胞EBV -DNA。结果38例患儿骨髓EBV -DNA阳性检出率 6 1 % ( 2 3/38)。5例恶性淋巴瘤患儿均为阳性 ,急性白血病 (AL)、骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)、再生障碍性贫血 (AA)、特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)患儿阳性率较高 ,其余病例均为阴性。对照组 1 0例非血液病发热患儿仅 1例阳性。结论 　EBV感染与血液肿瘤性疾病的发生、发展及愈后关系密切。EBV感染可促使病情恶化或难治。同时对伴有不明原因发热的患儿除考虑肿瘤性发热外 ,应警惕因免疫功能异常导致的EBV易感因素 ,尽早动态检测EBV -DNA ,及时合理治疗。由于病人免疫力低下 ,对EBV病毒的免疫应答功能降低 ,抗体反应法作EBV常造成假阳性结果。本方法简便、快速、特异、敏感 ,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

41例小儿再生障碍性贫血病因的初步探讨

目的：探讨病毒感染及其相关因素与小儿再生障碍性贫血(AA)发病的相关性。方法：41例AA患儿均详细询问病史。对照组为同期我院保健门诊1～12岁32例健康儿童。用ELISA法检测血清肝炎病毒、EB病毒抗体IgM(EBV-IgM)、巨细胞病毒抗体IgM(CMV-IgM),用PCR法检测EBV-DNA和CMV-DNA,巢式PCR扩增微小病毒B19(B19-DNA)。结果：41例中,病因不明12例,占29.3％;有病毒感染或红斑狼疮等病史者29例,占70.7％。4种病毒检出率为61.0％(25/41),高于对照组病毒感染阳性率6.3％(2/32),差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论：小儿AA以继发性为主,可能与CMV,EBV,B19及肝炎病毒等感染有关。     

EB病毒相关性疾病研究进展

<正>EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)感染为人类最常见病毒感染之一,发展中国家4岁以下儿童感染率高达90%以上,绝大部分为无症状亚临床感染,仅部分感染者临床上表现为传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM),而发达国家IM主要见于青少年,EBV原发感染后IM发生率一般约26%～74%[1-2]。EBV即人类疱疹病毒Ⅳ型     

武汉地区住院患儿EB病毒感染状况

目的：分析武汉地区住院患儿EB病毒（EBV）感染的情况及临床特点,为明确诊断、合理治疗提供帮助。方法：采用ELISA法检测住院患儿EBV衣壳抗原(VCA)抗体IgM、IgG,并按年龄将患儿分为＜6个月、6个月～、1岁～、3岁～、7～15岁5个组,对结果进行统计分析。结果：14 840例住院患儿EBV抗体阳性7 899例,感染率为53.23%;VCA IgM阳性率为4.05%(601/14 840);VCA IgG阳性率为49.18%(7 298/14 840)。VCA IgM阳性率以＜6月组最低(0.11%);VCA IgG阳性率以7～15岁组最高(79.83%)。601例VCA IgM阳性的患儿中,以呼吸道感染最多（429例,71.4%）。结论：武汉地区住院患儿EBV感染率较高,EBV感染的相关疾病以呼吸道感染为主;不同年龄组患儿间EBV感染率不同。     

儿童病毒相关性噬血细胞综合征32例临床研究

目的探讨儿童病毒相关性噬血细胞综合征(VAHS)的临床特点、诊断、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析2005年5月至2009年5月我院儿科诊治的32例儿童VAHS患儿临床资料,应用酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测VAHS患儿血清病毒抗体。结果①年龄分布:<2岁～14岁。②性别分布:男18例,女14例。③病因特点:32例病例中爱泼斯坦病毒(Epstein-Bart Virus,EBV)单一感染者18例(56.3%)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)单一感染者8例(25%),腺病毒(ADV)单一感染者2例(6.3%),EBV与CMV复合感染者3例(9.4%),EBV、CMV、柯萨奇病毒(CVB)、ADV及呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)复合感染者1例(3.1%)。④临床特点:持续高热(100%)、肝肿大(81.2%)、脾肿大(90.6%)、外周血细胞白细胞计数减少(84.4%)、血红蛋白<90 g/L(62.5%)、血小板减少(71.9%)、高甘油三酯(TG)血症(53.1%)、低纤维蛋白原血症(65.6%)、血清铁蛋白(SF)≥500μg/L(100%)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)升高(71.9%)、谷草转氨酶(AST)升高(78.1%)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)升高(90.6%)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)降低(100%),32例骨髓均找到噬血组织细胞;其中EBV感染及复合感染较其他病毒单一感染临床表现更重;随着患儿病情好转,体温下降,脾脏缩小,症状消失,复查SF、LDH逐渐恢复正常水平。⑤治疗及转归:治疗全部采用抗病毒、对症支持治疗及HLH-2004方案,32例中治疗痊愈15例(46.9%),完全缓解后继续治疗中3例(9.4%),完全缓解后失访3例(9.4%),复发治疗中2例(6.3%),放弃治疗4例(12.5%),死亡5例(15.6%)。结论①儿童VAHS以EBV感染多见,其临床主要表现持续高热,肝、脾肿大,实验室检查主要特点:白细胞计数降低、血小板低、肝功能异常、甘油三酯及LDH及SF升高、纤维蛋白原低、骨髓找到噬血细胞。②EBV感染及复合感染较其他病毒单一感染临床表现更重。③SF、LDH检测对于其早期诊断及治疗效果的评价意义较大;LDH发病时水平较高的提示预后不好。④早期应用HLH-2004方案治疗有较好疗效并可改善预后。     

Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in 2-year-old children: report of 3 cases

Some children less than four years old have Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced infectious mononucleosis (IM). Because primary EBV infection in infants and young children is usually asymptomatic or subclinical, EBV infection diagnosis may not be easy among young children. To illustrate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic procedures for EBV infection in young children, the authors report herein three cases of primary EBV infection in two-year-old children with an evaluation of their initial clinical symptoms. The results showed that the common initial clinical manifestations are puffy eyelids and hepatosplenomegaly, and that these signs suggest a tentative diagnosis of IM. In conclusion, EBV capsid immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies and atypical lymphocytes are useful diagnostic measurements in very young children with symptoms suggestive of IM.     

Serodiagnosis of infectious mononucleosis in children

Abstract Background: Although anti-viral capsid antigen (VCA)-immunoglobin M (IgM) is the most reliable serological marker of primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, it could only be detected in limited cases of infectious mononucleosis in children. We analyzed anti-EBV antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a sensitive method for detecting IgM antibody and compared these results with those obtained by a conventional indirect immunofluorescence (IF) method.
Methods: Anti-Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EA)-IgM and nuclear antigen 1 (EBNAl)-IgG were examined by an ELISA assay in 180 sera from 70 infants and children with infectious mononucleosis, diagnosed serologically by standard IF methods.
Results: Although by IF, VCA-IgM was detected in only 37 of 70 (52.9%) of the sera from the acute phase of the disease, by ELISA, EA-IgM was detected in 65/70 (92.9%) of these sera. Among infants less than 12 months of age, EA-IgM was positive in 11/13 cases (84.6%) while VCA-IgM was detected in only 3/13 cases (23.1%). Anti-Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-IgG was not detected by ELISA in the sera from the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis. Anti-EBNA was not detected by IF in about one-third of the sera during6–8 months after onset of the disease, whereas by ELISA, EBNAl-IgG was detected in 93.0%. Sera that were positive or negative for both EA-IgM and EBNAl-IgG by ELISA were observed in several cases after the patients recovered from the disease.
Conclusions: Although serodiagnosis by the combination of ELISA for EA-IgM and EBNAl-IgG was more sensitive than IF methods, especially in the case of infants and young children, several patients during convalescence and recovery might be judged as seronegative or as being in highly reactivated states.     

Epstein-Barr virus infection is not associated with development of allergy in children

BACKGROUND: Differences in concentrations of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in atopic and nonatopic children have been observed, suggesting that EBV infection may play a role in allergic diseases.AIM To assess the association between EBV infection and atopy in Swedish children at 4 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were studied 2561 children born in 1994 through 1996 in Stockholm, Sweden. The children were enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study focusing on the relation of exposure to various environmental and life style factors during early childhood and development of atopy. Blood samples were obtained when the children were approximately 4 years old, and immunoglobulin G to EBV was determined by indirect immunofluorescence. The relationship between the seroprevalence to EBV and various allergic disorders was assessed, withthe use of logistic regression analysis to account for other risk factors. RESULTS: Totally 1347 of 2561 (52%) children were EBV-seropositive. Associations between EBV seropositivity and the occurrence of asthma [adjusted odds ratio (OR(adj)), 1.10; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.81 to 1.49] or suspected allergic rhinitis (OR(adj) 0.97; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.25) were not apparent. In children whose mothers were up to 25 years old, a higher EBV seroprevalence was observed than in children of older mothers (OR(adj) 1.34; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.71). Also in children whose mothers smoked, the seroprevalence was higher than in children of nonsmokers (OR(adj) 1.29; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.63). CONCLUSIONS: The study does not support the hypothesis that EBV infection in early childhood plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases in children.     

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Viral DNA among children at a single hospital in Suzhou,China

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA among children in Suzhou, and to explore the association between plasma EBV load and disease diagnosis.MethodsAll children admitted to the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 2018 and September 2020 and subjected to the plasma EBV-DNA assay were included. The authors retrospectively collected demographic and discharge diagnostic information of the participants, and ascribed the disease distribution characteristics of children with positive plasma EBV-DNA by age and viral load.ResultsA total of 38,175 patients underwent plasma EBV-DNA PCR assay, of which 2786 (7.3%) had EBV-DNA in their plasma. Children aged 3–4 years had a high prevalence of EBV infection. Plasma EBV positivity was common with infectious mononucleosis (IM, 40.0%), respiratory infection (20.1%), atypical EBV infection (14.2%), acute leukemia (6.4%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH, 4.8%), and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP, 2.9%). With increasing age, plasma EBV positivity was more common in children with IM and atypical EBV infection. However, an inverse correlation was observed in children with respiratory infections and ITP. High levels of EBV loads were more likely to occur in HLH, IM, and atypical EBV infection, especially in HLH. However, lower viral loads were found in respiratory infection and acute leukemia.ConclusionsThis is a large sample study that revealed the prevalence of plasma EBV-DNA levels in children of various ages and presenting illnesses.     

喘息性疾病患儿非细菌性病原体感染分析

目的：探讨呼吸道非细菌性病原体与婴幼儿喘息性疾病的相关性,以及血清总IgE水平和外周血中嗜酸性粒细胞计数在其感染中的临床意义。方法：对2010年9月至2011年9月住院治疗的490例喘息性疾病患儿,采用间接免疫荧光法检测血清中9种呼吸道感染非细菌性病原体IgM抗体并进行病原学分析,并同时检测血清中总IgE水平和外周血中嗜酸性粒细胞计数。结果：490例喘息性疾病患儿中, 检测出非细菌性病原体IgM抗体阳性233例,阳性率为47.6%,其中肺炎支原体（MP）的阳性率最高(25.3%),其次为腺病毒（ADV） （8.9%）和乙型流感病毒（FluB）（8.8%）。 36例患儿同时检测出两种以上非细菌性病原体,且主要为MP与其他病原体的混合感染（94%）。各年龄组（0 d~、1个月～、6个月～、1岁～、3~8.9岁）IgM抗体的总检出率分别为50.0%、67.3%、33.1%、57.3%、61.7%,各组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。支气管哮喘的呼吸道感染病原体IgM抗体检出率最高,其次为喘息性支气管炎,最低为毛细支气管炎。病原体检出阳性的患儿,血中嗜酸性粒细胞的数目明显减少,而血清总IgE水平显著升高。结论：喘息性疾病患儿的非细菌性病原体主要是MP、ADV和FluB;MP和其他非细菌性病原体的混合感染比较普遍;1～6个月婴幼儿感染率较高;监测总IgE水平及嗜酸性粒细胞计数的变化对于婴幼儿喘息性疾病临床诊断和治疗有重大意义。