彩色多普勒超声对原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞前后血流动力学改变的研究

目的:观察原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞前后肝血管的血流动力学改变。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)对60例原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗前后肝血管的血流动力学变化进行研究。结果:(1)TAE后肝动脉血流减少(P<0.05),而阻力指数(RI)和肝动脉内径改变不明显(P>0.05);(2)门静脉血流于TAE后增加(P<0.05),门静脉内径无明显变化(P>0.05);(3)TAE后瘤体明显缩小,瘤体血供减少(P<0.05);(4)肝静脉的血流治疗前后无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论:CDFI是观察原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞治疗前后最好的影像学检查方法。     

彩色多普勒超声对原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞前后肝血管的血流动力学观察

目的观察原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞前后肝血管的血流动力学改变。方法应用彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)对60例原发性肝癌患者行肝动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗前后肝血管的血流动力学变化进行研究。结果(1)TAE后肝动脉血流减少(P<0.05),而阻力指数(RI)和肝动脉内径改变不明显(P>0.05);(2)门静脉血流于TAE后增加(P<0.05),门静脉内径无明显变化(P>0.05);(3)TAE后瘤体明显缩小,瘤体血供减少(P<0.05);(4)肝静脉的血流治疗前后无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论CDFI是观察原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞治疗前后较好的影像学检查方法。     

220例肝癌患者肝动脉栓塞术前后肝动脉血流动力学的超声影像分析

应用彩色多普勒超声((DH)对220例原发性肝癌(HOC)患肝动脉化疗及栓塞术(TAE)前后肿瘤血供．肝动脉血流动力学改变进行了观察。结果表明；(①肝癌主要由肝动脉供血，少部分由门静脉供给；②TAE后肿瘤内部及周边动脉血流明显减少（P<0.05)；③肝动脉收缩期最大流速(Vmax)、舒张期最小流速(Vain)均明显下降(P<0．005)．阻力指数(RI)和肝动脉直张改变不明显（P>0.05)；④TAE后瘤体明显减小（P<0.001)。认为在行TAE前后．应用CEFI对肿癌血供、肝动脉血流动力学进行观察分析．可给TAE预后提供重要指标，给重复治疗提供依据。CDFI是目前肝癌肝动脉栓塞治疗前后最好的影像学检查方治。     

多普勒超声对原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗栓塞的疗效评价

目的:探讨多普勒超声评价经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗原发性肝癌(HCC)疗效的价值。方法:对51例原发性肝癌TACE术前、术后行多普勒超声检查，用二维超声观察肿瘤大小及内部回声改变。彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)观察肿瘤血供情况及脉冲多普勒(PW)记录肝动脉、门静脉血流动力学改变。结果:TACE术后大多数肿瘤均有不同程度缩小,肿瘤血供明显减少(P<0.001),其血供减少程度与肿瘤缩小程度呈正相关(r=0.757,P<0.001)。肝动脉峰值流速明显下降，门静脉血流速度增快(P<0.001)。结论:多普勒超声能客观判断肿瘤大小及血流灌注状态，是目前检验肝癌TACE术后效果较理想的影像学检查方法之一。     

血清sICAM-1在肝细胞肝癌患者TAE术后的动态变化及其意义

目的:检测肝细胞肝癌(hepaticcellcarcinoma,HCC)患者经动脉导管栓塞术(transcatheterarterialembolization,TAE)后血清sICAM-1的动态变化,以了解其在判断HCC经TAE治疗后疗效及判断再次TAE指征方面的意义。方法:运用ELISA方法测定12例HCC患者第1次TAE前、术后3、10、30d以及第2次TAE术后血清sICAM-1的水平,并对比第1次术前和术后10d肿块大小与血清sICAM-1的关系。结果:TAE术前HCC患者血清sICAM-1水平(973.00±211.54)明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。TAE术后3d显著下降(611.67±145.02)(P<0.01),术后30d有所回升(811.13±133.18),但仍低于术前(P<0.05)。再次TAE后3d下降(568.43±106.28)(P<0.01)。第1次TAE术后10d肿块缩小程度跟相应的sICAM-1下降幅度成正比,线性回归分析r=0.88(P<0.05)。结论:血清sICAM-1对判断HCCTAE后再次TAE的指征及评价TAE效果方面有一定的价值。     

护肝宁片对原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞化疗后肝功能的影响

目的：观察护肝宁片对原发性肝癌肝动脉栓塞化疗后保肝护肝的疗效。方法：将我院住院的98例接受肝动脉栓塞化疗（ATE）的原发性肝癌患者随机分为两组，治疗组58例，对照组40例，治疗组在对照组保肝治疗的基础E，给予护肝宁片1．4g口服，3次／d。两组病例于术前、术后第1周及第2周分别检查ALT、AST、STB、ALB的变化。结果：治疗组血清ALT、AST、STB在TAE术后1周均较术前明显升高（P〈0．05），术后2周与术前比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；对照组血清ALT、AST、STB在TAE术前1周明显升高（P〈0．05），术后2周与术前比仍差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：护肝宁片对TAE术后肝功能的恢复有较好疗效．能提高患者对TAE的耐受性。     

肝段动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌

经导管肝动脉栓塞术(TAE)巳广泛地用于肝癌的非手术治疗,常规TAE不能造成肿瘤组织的完全坏死,反复TAE治疗也会给肝功能带来损害。肝段动脉化疗栓塞是在TAE基础上发展起来的新技术.众所周知,肝癌除主要地接受肝动脉分支供血外,部分地接受门静脉分支和胆管周围血管丛的供养,肝段动脉化疗栓塞的目的就是同时封闭肿瘤组织周围各种供养血管。我们报告了12例肝癌患者接受肝段动脉化疗栓塞的初步经验,重点地对插管技术、适应症和应用理论进行了讨论。     

彩色多普勒超声在选择性门静脉联合肝动脉栓塞治疗中晚期肝癌中的应用

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声对经皮经肝选择性门静脉栓塞化疗 (SPVE)联合肝动脉栓塞 (TAE)治疗中晚期肝癌的应用价值。方法　彩超引导 65例不能手术的中晚期肝癌在TAE基础上行SPVE术 ,同时观察本组与单纯TAE对照组治疗前后的肿瘤血供变化、声像图特征及与临床疗效的关系。结果　①本组肿瘤血供消失和减少率 92 .3 % ,其中动脉血流消失和减少率 89.2 % ,门静脉血流消失和减少率 86.2 % ,对照组肿瘤动脉血流减少和消失率 63 .0 % ,瘤周和瘤内门静脉血流明显增加率 87.4% (P <0 .0 0 5 )。②随访结果表明 ,栓塞化疗后肿瘤动、静脉血供情况与临床疗效密切相关 ;观察肿瘤血供变化比肿瘤体积的变化更为准确。结论　彩超为观察肝癌血供状态提供重要依据 ,对指导治疗和判定疗效有着重要意义。     

原发性肝癌经皮选择性肝动脉化疗栓塞术62例围术期护理干预

目的:探讨原发性肝癌经皮选择性肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者的围术期护理干预方法及效果。方法:对62例原发性肝癌经皮选择性肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者实施精心围术期护理干预,比较患者术前、术后1周、术后1个月的生活质量评价量表(SF-36)评分。结果:本组患者术前、术后1周SF-36维度八、九、十评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术前、术后1个月除维度三、四,其余评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:围术期护理干预可提高原发性肝癌经皮选择性肝动脉化疗栓塞术患者的治疗效果,促进患者康复,值得临床推广。     

经肝动脉和门静脉双介入治疗肝细胞癌的疗效

目的评价经肝动脉和门静脉联合治疗肝细胞肝癌(HCC)的应用价值。方法 24例临床和(或)活检明确诊断的肝细胞肝癌,行肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术2周后序贯门静脉化疗栓塞治疗,术后通过增强CT观察肿瘤大小变化、碘油沉积、正常肝组织代偿等客观指标,复查甲胎蛋白了解临床疗效指标。结果 24例患者中18例术后瘤体缩小,其中瘤体缩小<50%10例,4例无明显变化,2例继续增大。介入治疗前后肿瘤最大径缩小有统计学差异(P<0.01)。术后CT显示碘油充填致密8例,10例部分碘油沉积。术后患者正常肝组织有11%～26%的代偿性增大。22例术后AFP有不同程度下降,6例降至正常。8例患者术后择期行二期手术切除。2例合并肝硬化者术后因急性消化道出血而死亡。结论经导管灌注化疗栓塞术(TA-CE)联合门静脉化疗栓塞术(PVCE)的疗效明显优于单纯TACE术,经肝动脉序贯门静脉的双介入法是治疗肝细胞肝癌的有效方法,经肝动脉序贯门静脉的双介入法治疗原发性肝癌可以使大部分肿瘤体积缩小,并诱导肝叶增生,改善肝功能,利于肿瘤二期手术切除。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.