287例健康查体人员动脉硬化指数的相关因素分析

目的：研究健康人群动脉硬化指数的相关因素,并探讨其临床意义。方法：对287例健康查体的解放军总医院工作人员进行动脉硬化指数（ASI）、血压、心率的测定,并检测空腹血糖、血脂、肌酐、尿素氮等血液生化指标及一般情况,应用Cockcroft-Gault公式计算肌酐清除率。对ASI与各参数之间的相关性进行统计分析。结果：ASI的倒数,即1/ASI与年龄、收缩压、脉压呈负相关（r=-0.188,-0.168,-0.481;P=0.047,0.004,0.0001）;与体重指数、舒张压、心率和肌酐清除率呈正相关（r=0.155,0.236,0.281,0.125;P=0.008,0.0001,0.0001,0.035）;与平均动脉压、血甘油三酯、胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶、血糖、肌酐和尿素氮无相关性。结论：对于健康人群,ASI的相关因素可能是年龄、收缩压、脉压、舒张压、心率、体重指数和肌酐清除率。     

高血压病患者动脉硬化指数增高的相关因素分析

目的观察动脉硬化指数(ASI)增高的高血压病患者,探讨其临床一般情况、血液生化指标等特点,分析临床意义。方法随机检测156例高血压病患者的动脉硬化指数、血压、脉压,并检测患者的血尿酸、血糖、血脂、肌酐、尿素氮等血液生化指标。按照患者的ASI分为两组。ASI正常组:127例,ASI值在0~70之间;ASI增高组:29例,ASI值为71或以上。结果(1)ASI增高组患者的年龄、病史、收缩压和脉压显著高于ASI正常组,其舒张压显著低于ASI正常组(均P<0.01)。(2)ASI增高组患者的血尿酸(P<0.01),尿素氮(P<0.05)水平也显著增高。结论年龄大、病史时间长、收缩压升高、舒张压降低、脉压增大、血尿酸和尿素氮水平升高均可能与ASI异常增高相关联。     

高血压患者动脉硬化的关联因素分析

目的探讨高血压患者动脉硬化的关联因素。方法测量162例高血压患者的脉硬化指数（ASI）、血压,并检测患者的血尿酸（UA）、血糖（PG）、血脂、肌酐（Cr）、尿素氮（BUN）等血液生化指标。结果ASI增高组（n=42）患者的年龄、高血压病程、收缩压、脉压、血UA和BUN水平显著高于ASI正常组（n=120）,而舒张压显著低于ASI正常组（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。结论高血压患者动脉硬化的发生发展与年龄、高血压病程、SBP、血uA和BUN水平正相关,PP是动脉硬化程度的一种体现。     

脉压增高的原发性高血压患者的临床分析

目的:研究脉压增高的原发性高血压患者的动脉硬化指数、血液生化指标及一般情况的临床特点,探讨其临床意义。方法:随机对解放军总医院门诊原发性高血压患者进行血压、脉压、动脉硬化指数的测定,并检测患者的血尿酸、血糖、血脂、肌酐、尿素氮等血液生化指标及一般情况,总计133例,按照患者的脉压分为2组。正常脉压组:102例,脉压小于60mmHg。高脉压组:31例,脉压大于或等于60mmHg。对2组患者进行对照比较。结果:(l)脉压增高的原发性高血压患者的年龄、病史和收缩压显著高于正常脉压者,而其舒张压显著低于正常脉压者(P均<0.01);(2)脉压增高的原发性高血压患者的动脉硬化指数(P<0.01)、血尿酸(P<0.05)水平显著增高。结论:脉压增大的原发性高血压患者的临床特点为年龄大、病史长、收缩压升高、舒张压降低,动脉硬化程度较重,并伴有血尿酸水平升高。     

老年高血压病患者的临床表现

高血压病是老年人常见的心血管疾病之一．可引起严重的心、脑、肾并发症，是脑卒中、冠心病的主要危险因素，严重危害老年人的健康。本研究应用Cardio Vision MS 2000测量老年高血压病患者的动脉硬化指数（arterial stiffness index，ASI），以评估其动脉硬化程度。同时检测尿β2-微球蛋白（β2-mieroglobulinuria，β2-MG）、空腹血糖、血脂、肌酐、尿素氮等血液生化指标以及一般情况，并与非老年高血压患者作对照。旨在探索老年高血压病患者临床特征，为其防治提供参考。     

原发性高血压并发心脑血管疾病患者的危险因素分析

目的：研究原发性高血压（EH）伴冠心病和／或脑血管病患者的临床特点，分析其相关的危险因素。方法：对55例EH伴冠心病和／或脑血管病患者，进行动脉硬化指数（ASI）测定，并检测患者的血尿酸、血糖、血脂、肌酐、尿素氮等血液生化指标及一般情况。另选不伴有冠心病、脑血管病的高血压患者63例作为对照。结果：与单纯高血压对照组比较，EH伴冠心病和／或脑血管的年龄大、病史时间长，ASI、脉压、血尿素氮水平明显升高（均P〈0.01）；收缩压、血尿酸、总胆固醇、肌酐水平也升高（均P〈0．05）；而舒张压（P〈0．01），心率（P〈0．05）却较低。多因素logistic回归分析显示：EH并发心脑血管疾病的相关危险因素有脉压、血肌酐、年龄（OR=1．204，1．120，1．099,P=0．028，0．045，0．039）；而血尿酸是负相关因素（OR=0．974，P=0．022）。结论：脉压、血肌酐水平和年龄可能是高血压患者并发心脑血管疾病的危险因素；血尿酸可能是一种保护因素。     

老年高血压病患者高脉压与靶器官损害

目的观察在药物规则治疗下的老年高血压病患者脉压(PP)与心脏、血管和肾脏等靶器官损害的关系,为临床更好地控制血压,防治靶器官损害提供依据.方法用24小时动态血压仪监测263例老年高血压病患者全天平均脉压(ABPP),多普勒超声检查颈动脉粥样斑块发生率(CAPR)、颈总动脉分叉处内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)及内径(CAD)、左室重量指数(LVMI)、左室舒张早期充盈峰值流速与心房收缩期充盈峰值流速比值(E/A值)、射血分数(EF),生化测定内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)及24小时尿微量白蛋白排泄量(MAU).评价不同ABPP值对心脏、颈动脉、肾脏结构或功能的影响.结果老年高血压病患者PP≥60 mmHg与P\%P\%<60 mmHg比较,E/A值、EF和Ccr均下降(P<0.05),而LVMI、CAD、CAPR、IMT、MAU升高(P<0.05).结论老年高血压病患者脉压增大,可促进心脏、血管及肾脏等靶器官损害,提示在老年高血压病患者中脉压也是预测心脏、血管及肾脏损害有价值的指标,控制脉压可以减轻老年高血压病患者靶器官损害.     

老年高血压病患者高脉压与靶器官损害

目的　观察在药物规则治疗下的老年高血压病患者脉压 (PP)与心脏、血管和肾脏等靶器官损害的关系 ,为临床更好地控制血压 ,防治靶器官损害提供依据。方法　用 2 4小时动态血压仪监测 2 63例老年高血压病患者全天平均脉压(ABPP) ,多普勒超声检查颈动脉粥样斑块发生率 (CAPR)、颈总动脉分叉处内膜 -中膜厚度 (IMT)及内径 (CAD)、左室重量指数 (LVMI)、左室舒张早期充盈峰值流速与心房收缩期充盈峰值流速比值 (E/A值 )、射血分数 (EF) ,生化测定内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr)及 2 4小时尿微量白蛋白排泄量 (MAU)。评价不同ABPP值对心脏、颈动脉、肾脏结构或功能的影响。结果　老年高血压病患者PP≥ 60mmHg与PP <60mmHg比较 ,E/A值、EF和Ccr均下降 (P <0 0 5) ,而LVMI、CAD、CAPR、IMT、MAU升高 (P <0 0 5)。结论　老年高血压病患者脉压增大 ,可促进心脏、血管及肾脏等靶器官损害 ,提示在老年高血压病患者中脉压也是预测心脏、血管及肾脏损害有价值的指标 ,控制脉压可以减轻老年高血压病患者靶器官损害     

普伐他汀改善冠心病合并高血压患者脉压的疗效

目的:观察普伐他汀对冠心病合并高血压病患者降压治疗时脉压的影响。方法:选择42例正在规则服用降压药物治疗并且脉压≥60 mmHg的冠心病合并高血压病患者,随机分为对照组(21例)和普伐他汀组(21例),两组均给予冠心病、高血压病常规药物治疗,普伐他汀组加用普伐他汀(20 m g/d),对照组不加用其他药物,均治疗3个月。观察治疗前、后肱动脉血压、心率,以及脉压,血清C-反应蛋白等指标。结果:对照组治疗后脉压没有明显的变化,普伐他汀组肱动脉收缩压、脉压有明显的降低(P<0.05),而舒张压和心率没有明显的变化,同时发现普伐他汀组治疗后血清C-反应蛋白水平有明显的降低(P<0.05)。结论:普伐他汀能够降低冠心病合并高血压病患者的脉压和炎症反应。     

老年高血压病患者血压昼夜节律与动态的动脉硬化指数的关系

目的 探讨老年高血压病患者血压昼夜节律与动态动脉硬化指数的关系。方法 根据动态血压检测结果将112例老年高血压病患者分为杓形组(n=37)、非杓形组（n=45）和反杓形组（n=30）,并测定及计算动态动脉硬化指数（AASI）。结果 3组年龄,体质量指数,总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、病程和全天及白天平均收缩压、舒张压和脉压比较均无显著性差异。3组夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、AASI比较有显著性差异（P<0.01）。结论 动态血压昼夜节律的改变与动态动脉硬化指数相关。     

Ambulatory arterial stiffness index and renal abnormalities in primary hypertension

OBJECTIVE: Arterial stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the general population as well as in hypertension and end-stage renal disease. We investigated the relationship between a recently proposed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring-derived index of arterial stiffness and early signs of renal damage in patients with primary hypertension. DESIGN AND SETTING: A total of 168 untreated patients with sustained primary hypertension were studied. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) was calculated based on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure readings. Albuminuria was measured as the albumin to creatinine ratio. Creatinine clearance was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and the interlobar resistive index was evaluated by renal ultrasound and Doppler examination. RESULTS: AASI was positively related to urinary albumin excretion and resistive index, and was negatively related to estimated creatinine clearance and renal volume to the resistive index ratio. Patients with AASI above the median (i.e. > 0.51) showed a higher prevalence of microalbuminuria and a mild reduction in creatinine clearance. Moreover, patients with microalbuminuria or a mild reduction in creatinine clearance had significantly higher AASI values compared with those without, and the greater the renal involvement, the greater the AASI. After adjusting for several potentially confounding variables, we found that each standard deviation increase in AASI (i.e. 0.16) entails an almost twofold greater risk of renal involvement. CONCLUSION: Increased AASI is independently associated with early signs of renal damage in patients with sustained primary hypertension. These results strengthen the usefulness of AASI and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in cardiovascular risk assessment.     

老年高血压患者动态动脉硬化指数与估测肾小球滤过率的相关性

目的 观察老年高血压患者动态动脉硬化指数（ AASI）与估测肾小球滤过率（eGFR）的相关性,探讨以AASI大小反应的动脉硬化程度在老年高血压患者肾功能受损中的作用.方法 218例行24小时动态血压检测血肌酐水平基本正常的老年高血压患者,根据文献方法计算AASI,以AASI≤0.55或AASI＞ 0.55分为两组,比较各组间eGFR的差异,以及运用Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归分析eGFR与AASI及年龄、平均收缩压、平均舒张压、血肌酐水平等因素的相关性.结果 与AASI≤0.55组比较,在AASI＞ 0.55组中eGFR值明显降低（P＜0.001）.Pearson 相关分析显示,eGFR与AASI呈负相关（r=-0.624,P＜0.001）,控制年龄、平均收缩压、平均舒张压、平均脉压、血肌酐水平等因素后,偏相关分析显示,eGFR仍与AASI显著相关（r=-0.343,P＜0.001）.多元逐步回归分析显示,eGFR 与肌酐水平、AASI独立相关,标准化偏回归系数分别为-0.770、-0.240,P＜0.001.结论 在老年高血压患者,AASI与eGFR呈独立负相关,AASI值增加是老年高血压患者早期肾功减退的独立危险因素.     

高血压病与冠心病患者血小板表面CD41、CD62p的临床意义

目的 探讨血小板激活在高血压病与冠心病患者的意义。方法 测定正常人和高血压病与冠心病患者血小板表面CD41、CD62P,患者分成A、B、C三组,A组为未经抗血小板治疗的高血压病与冠心病患者37例,B组为正常对照组11例,C组为经抗血小板药治疗的高血压与冠心病患者28例。均取晨空腹静脉血3ml,用FACSCalibur流式细胞仪分析。结果A组CD41、CD41荧光强度和CD62p均高于B组(P<0.05),C组的CD41、CD41荧光强度、CD62p均低于A组(P<0.05)。高血压病组与冠心病组的相关指标比较无显著性差异。结论 高血压病与冠心病患者的血小板活化和激活增强,而抗血小板药物(阿司匹林或抵克立得)能抑制血小板激活。     

老年男性高尿酸血症临床特点及相关危险因素分析

目的了解老年男性高尿酸血症患者的临床特点和各种伴随疾病与之的相关性。方法收集2002年至2004年于解放军总医院住院的老年男性高尿酸血症患者和血尿酸正常患者各225例（合并糖尿病各110例）,对血尿酸及其影响因素进行横断面回顾性分析。结果高尿酸血症病例占同期住院老年男性患者的10．5％。高尿酸血症组合并肾功能异常远高于血尿酸正常组（27．6％vs6．2％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0．0000）。高尿酸血症组年龄、体质量、体质量指数、血压、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹血糖、血肌酐、血尿素、肌酐清除率及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与血尿酸正常组比较,差异具统计学意义（P〈O．01）,冠心病、高血压、高甘油三酯血症、肾功能异常等的患病率均高于血尿酸正常组（P〈0．01）。高尿酸血症组的血尿酸与年龄、体质量、体质量指数、血压、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素、肌酐清除率显著相关（P〈0．01）。结论老年高尿酸血症患病率高,以痛风发生为临床特征者不到10％,合并肾脏功能异常者是血尿酸正常组的4．5倍,且常伴随肥胖、糖、脂代谢紊乱和高血压,也是高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、高脂血症以及其他心、脑血管疾病的危险因素。对高尿酸血症患者应加以重视,尽早检出,综合评估心血管危险因素,及时治疗。     

Changes in general haemodynamics and renal function during exercise in patients with arterial hypertension.

Basic haemodynamic parameters were measured in 58 men in various stages of essential hypertension, 18 patients with hypertensive form of chronic glomerulonephritis, and 23 practically healthy persons during graded exercise in the supine position on a bicycle ergometer for 30 minutes. During exercise, the systolic pressure rose in all persons investigated, whereas the diastolic pressure markedly increased only in patients with arterial hypertension. The cardiac index increased, according to the intensity of the exercise equally in the healthy persons and in patients in early stages of essential hypertension; a lesser increase in the cardiac index was observed in patients in late stages of hypertension and in those with chronic glomerulonephritis. The increase in the cardiac index during exercise is essentially due to an increase in the heart rate; the stroke index increases only slightly, and in later stages of essential hypertension even decreases. The total peripheral resistance diminishes during exercise, but less so in patients with arterial hypertension in whom it is distinctly higher than in healthy persons. The circulating blood volume decreases during exercise in consequence of a decrease in plasma volume, whereas the haematocrit value increases. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration decrease during exercise, both in healthy untrained persons and in patients with arterial hypertension. In patients in late stages of essential hypertension and in those with glomerulonephritis, the above parameters decrease more markedly and at lower exercise intensity than in healthy persons.     

Silent myocardial ischaemia in patients with essential arterial hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

The concomitant presence of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension significantly impairs myocardial function through a direct negative effect on cardiac myocytes, coronary microvessels and precipitation of atherosclerosis in major coronary arteries. The purpose of the present study was to establish to what extent non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) modified silent myocardial ischaemia (SMI) in patients with essential hypertension and without documented coronary artery disease (CAD). The study population consisted of 41 patients with essential arterial hypertension associated with NIDDM, treated with diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents (group I) and 40 patients with essential arterial hypertension without diabetes mellitus (group II). Both groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, duration, severity and complications of hypertension. A mean duration of diabetes mellitus in group I was 6.8 years. Conventional and automatic blood pressure and heart rate measurements, continuous ECG recordings, echocardiograms and laboratory tests were obtained in all patients. SMI was more frequent in group I than in group II (29.3% vs 12.5%, P < 0.05). In group I the total duration of SMI was longer (37.3 vs 2.8 min, P < 0.001) and the total number of silent episodes was larger (15.5 vs 2.6, P < 0.001). No inter-group differences were seen in conventional and automatic blood pressure and heart rate measurements. Both groups did not differ significantly in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) or the proportion of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (75.6% vs 60%). Lipid profile in both groups indicated an increased risk of CAD, but without significant differences. In conclusion, in patients with essential arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the incidence and severity of SMI were clearly higher than in hypertensives with normal carbohydrate metabolism. Employment of modern diagnostic techniques in hypertensives permits identification of those at greater risk, which may have further clinical implications.