腹腔镜TME、MCME与低位／超低位／结—肛吻合术治疗下段直肠癌的临床应用研究

目的：探索腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除（TME）大部直肠周围系膜切除（MCME）,低位/超低位/结肠-肛管吻合术治疗下段直肠癌的可行性。方法：按TME原则,用双钉合技术（DST）,在腹腔镜下对20例下段直肠癌患者实施TME,DST低位/超低位吻合术,结果 20例患者手术顺利,无中转开腹,手术时间140分钟-320分钟,平均185分钟;术中出血5-80ml,平均25ml;术后1-2天恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,住院时间5-14天,平均9天,术后止痛剂应用7例。术中及术后无并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜TME/MCME,低位/超低位/结-肛吻合术治疗下段直肠癌,创伤小,保肛率高,术后疼痛轻,恢复快,是一极具应用前景的微创新技术。     

结直肠肿瘤较经济的腹腔镜手术方法探索

目的：评价较经济的腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌的可行性。方法：12例直肠癌。按手术的TME原则，应用双钉合技术(DST)在腹腔镜下对中下段直肠癌患者实施了TME与低位／超低住直肠吻合保肛术。结肠癌4例采取腹腔镜加5cm左右小切口辅助手术。结果：16例患者手术顺利，无中转开腹。手术时间180(150～220)min；术中出血5～80ml平均25ml，术后l～2d胃肠功能恢复并下床活动，术后住院时间10(6～18)d，术中及术后无并发症。结论：较经济的腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤治疗下段直肠癌、结肠癌创伤小，保肛率高。术后疼痛轻、恢复快是具有应用前景的微创技术。     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除结肛吻合术11例围术期护理

目的：探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除（TME）结肛吻合术围术期的护理方法。方法：对11例直肠癌患者术前给予心理护理,硫酸镁顺式洗肠;术后保持肛门清洁,调节饮食,指导坐浴和缩肛运动。结果：本组手术均顺利进行,术后无吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生,肛门括约肌收缩功能存在,保肛率100%。结论：对腹腔镜低位直肠癌TME结肛吻合术患者给予精心围术期护理,可提高手术成功率,减少并发症发生,促进早日康复。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除(TME)低位/超低位/结-肛吻合术治疗下段直肠癌的护理

探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除（TME）低位／超低位／结－肛吻合术治疗下段直肠癌的护理方法。术前做好肠道准备，肛门括约肌锻炼及心理护理，术后加强饮食指导，肛门括约肌功能锻炼等健康教育，是手术成功及患者顺得康复的重要保证。     

双吻合器在超低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

目的：评价双吻合器技术在超低位直肠癌保肛术中的实用性。方法：回顾分析我院2006年1月至2009年11月60例超低位直肠癌应用双吻合器技术保肛的临床资料。结果：本组手术中结直肠56例吻合顺利,术后1例吻合口瘘及无出血病例发生,吻合口狭窄2例（3.33%）,无手术死亡病例。结论：应用双吻合器技术可极大提高超低位直肠癌保肛率且并发症少,值得推广。     

荷包钳在低位直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的:探讨经济、实用、安全的直肠癌低位保肛手术方法。方法:对62例中低位直肠癌患者按全直肠系膜切除术(TME)要求切除直肠,荷包钳封闭直肠残端,管型直肠吻合器行低位保肛术。结果:低位吻合34例,超低位吻合28例,本组无手术死亡病例,无出血,吻合口漏2例(3.2%),吻合口狭窄5例(8.1%),无远切端癌残留。结论:用荷包钳代替直线型吻合器行直肠癌低位保肛手术安全、简便、经济。     

护理程序在体检中心工作中的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除(TME)结肛吻合术围术期的护理方法.方法:对11例直肠癌患者术前给予心理护理,硫酸镁顺式洗肠;术后保持肛门清洁,调节饮食,指导坐浴和缩肛运动.结果:本组手术均顺利进行,术后无吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生,肛门括约肌收缩功能存在,保肛率100%.结论:对腹腔镜低位直肠癌TME结肛吻合术患者给予精心围术期护理,可提高手术成功率,减少并发症发生,促进早日康复.     

腹腔镜TME联合ISR保肛术后并发症观察及护理

近年来,腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除(TME)联合经肛内括约肌切除保肛术(Intersphincter Resection,ISR)逐渐代替了传统的Miles术,它具有术中出血少、恢复快等特点,并且提高了患者的生存和生活质量,成为治疗超低位直肠癌的一种手术方式.但它同时也存在着并发症,如出血、感染、大便失禁等.2006年5月～2009年5月,我院对18例超低位直肠癌的患者行腹腔镜TME联合ISR保肛术,效果满意,现将并发症的观察及护理报告如下.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除结肛吻合术11例围术期护理

目的:探讨腹腔镜低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除(TME)结肛吻合术围术期的护理方法.方法:对11例直肠癌患者术前给予心理护理,硫酸镁顺式洗肠;术后保持肛门清洁,调节饮食,指导坐浴和缩肛运动.结果:本组手术均顺利进行,术后无吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄发生,肛门括约肌收缩功能存在,保肛率100%.结论:对腹腔镜低位直肠癌TME结肛吻合术患者给予精心围术期护理,可提高手术成功率,减少并发症发生,促进早日康复.     

保肛手术治疗低位直肠癌50例疗效分析

目的探讨低位直肠癌的保肛手术治疗。方法通过对50例低位直肠癌患者直肠癌下缘距肛缘距离1．5～7cm进行Dukes分期和病理分型，选择了直肠前切除术（Dixon术）、改良Parks（经肛门结肠肛管吻合术）术和局部扩大切除术，其中32例Dixon手术中28例按直肠系膜癌系膜全切除术（TME）原则进行低位Dixon手术；9例行改良Parks；9例行经肛门括约肌直肠癌局部扩大切除。对术后控制排便功能和局部复发率进行了随访。结果无术后死亡病例，术后出现吻合口痿1例，发生在使用吻合器组中，其发生率为3．6％（1／28）；切口感染5例，发生率10％（5／50），经局部换药，均自行愈合；术后吻合狭窄1例，发生在使用吻合器组中，发生率约3．6％（1／28），经术后定期扩张，吻合口狭窄加重引起排便困难后改行Miles手术。术后控制排便能力均良好。随访50例，随访时间2～22月，平均10．5个月，无一例局部复发，患者均健在。结论保肛手术已经成为低位直肠癌手术治疗的首选术式，TME在低位直肠癌保肛手术中起着重要作用，改良Parks术、局部扩大切除术和吻合器在低位直肠癌的保肛手术中广泛应用，严格掌握低位直肠癌保肛手术的适应证，可防止并发症的发生。     

Low plasma vasopressin/norepinephrine ratio predicts septic shock

To evaluate if low plasma vasopressin and high norepinephrine concentrations predict grave prognosis of sepsis, a prospective sample of consecutive patients visiting the emergency department of a university teaching hospital who met the American College of Chest Physicians criteria of sepsis or severe sepsis was enrolled. Besides septic workup, we measured serum vasopressin and norepinephrine concentrations to correlate the impending outcome. One hundred eighty-two patients aged 27 to 99 years met the inclusive criteria and were classified as those with septic shock (n = 72), severe sepsis (n = 56), and those with sepsis only (n = 54) according to the outcome within 6 hours. Thirty healthy subjects were included as control. The plasma vasopressin level at baseline was significantly lower for those who finally developed septic shock (septic shock group, 3.6 +/- 2.5 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-4.2 pg/mL; severe sepsis group, 21.8 +/- 4.1 pg/mL, 95% CI, 20.7-22.9 pg/mL; sepsis group, 10.6 +/- 6.5 pg/mL, 95% CI, 8.8-12.4 pg/mL, P < .001), whereas the norepinephrine level was highest for the same group (septic shock group, 3650 +/- 980 pg/mL, 95% CI, 3420-3880 pg/mL; severe sepsis group, 3600 +/- 1000 pg/mL, 95% CI, 3330-3870 pg/mL; sepsis group, 1720 +/- 320 pg/mL, 95% CI, 1630-1810 pg/mL). The vasopressin/norepinephrine ratio was significantly lower for the patients with final diagnosis of septic shock (P < .001). The mean interval between the time of samples drawn and the time of the most severe occurring sequelae was 2.4 +/- 0.8 hours. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the vasopressin/norepinephrine ratio 1 x 10(-3) had a sensitivity of 97% (95% CI, 90%-99%) and a specificity of 85% (95% CI, 78%-91%) for detecting impending septic shock. Low serum vasopressin/norepinephrine ratio can predict impending septic shock.     

No Threat-Related Processing Bias in Low Trait-Anxious/High State-Anxious Novice Parachuters

Earlier studies found that processing bias inanxious patients as measured by the modified Stroop taskis reduced after behavior therapy. This suggests thatthreat interference reflects an anxious state rather than a stable trait. Others (e.g.,Matthews & Macleod, 1994), however, have proposedthat it emerges from the interaction of state anxietyand some vulnerability trait. The experiment tested whether, in line with the state hypothesis andin contrast to the interaction hypothesis, state anxietyis sufficient to produce processing bias.Twenty-sixlow-trait-anxious participants who neverparachuted volunteered for a parachute jump and theirperformance on the modified Stroop task was comparedwith a control group matched on trait anxiety.Anticipation of the jump resulted in subjective anxietybut not in threat interference on the modifiedStroop, where there were no between group differences.The data suggest that state anxiety in itself isinsufficient to explain processing bias. The findingsare discussed critically.     

Low Testosterone

Low male testosterone levels impact multiple organ systems. Low testosterone impacts men's health with physiologic effects on cognition, muscle mass and strength, bone density, metabolic function, and mood. Differential diagnosis is based on history, physical exam, clinical symptoms, and testosterone levels. The medical management of low testosterone consists of replacement therapy and associated symptom management.