外伤性白内障后囊缺损后房型人工晶体缝线固定术

目的：观察36例（36眼）外伤性白内障后囊缺损行后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术的效果。方法：10眼为异物伤行异物摘出联合一期植入术。7眼为术中后囊缺损大而改行缝线固定术。19眼为二期缝线固定术。结果：所有患者术后均获得有用视力，其中达0．5以上25眼（69．4％）。结论：人工晶状体缝线固定植入术治疗外伤性白内障效果满意，不同程度恢复有用视力及双眼单视功能。     

眼外伤晶状体玻璃体切除术后二期IOL植入术

目的 探讨复杂性眼外伤玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼二期人工晶状体植入术临床疗效，评估手术的可行性及安全性。方法 手术31例(31眼)，术后随访3～20月，观察视力、散光度、眼压及并发症：结果 30眼术后裸眼视力均达到或接近术前矫正视力：后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入7眼中视力≥0．5者占28．57％，后房型人工晶状体透巩膜睫状沟缝线固定术18眼中视力≥0.5者占22．22％，虹膜型人工晶状体植入术6眼中视力≥0．5者占33．33％：1眼视力下降。结论 复杂性眼外伤行玻璃体切除术后二期人工晶状体植入，经过术前病例的选择，术中采用眼内灌注，适宜的人工晶状体植入，可获得较好的视力。     

后囊破裂型外伤性白内障人工晶状体二期植入

目的探讨人工晶状体二期睫状沟植入在眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障手术中的应用。方法我院2011年1月至2013年1月收治眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障82例（82眼）,在一期眼球清创缝合白内障摘出联合前段玻璃体切除手术时尽量保留残余囊袋。3～6个月后行二期人工晶状体植入术。根据囊袋残留情况分为两组：A组：残留囊袋足够支撑后房型人工晶状体者（48例）,进行后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入。B组：囊袋无残留或残留囊袋无法支撑后房型人工晶状体者（34例）,进行缝线固定晶状体襻于巩膜壁的后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入。结果两组患者术后视力均有提高。B组BCVA明显低于A组。A组2例（4．17％）人工晶状体光学中心轻度偏移,4例（8．33％）体部轻度倾斜;B组6例（17．65％）人工晶状体光学中心轻度偏移,6例（17．65％）体部倾斜,其中3例（8．82％）眼球转动时有不适感。结论对于眼球穿孔伤所致后囊破裂型外伤性白内障,于一期行眼球清创缝合、白内障摘出联合前段玻璃体切除手术时尽量保留残余囊袋组织,可为二期植入人工晶状体创造良好条件。二期手术时选择后房型人工晶状体睫状沟植入术,符合人体解剖结构,稳定性好。     

二期后房型人工晶状体穿透巩膜睫状沟固定术探讨

目的 探讨二期后房型人晶状体固定的手术方法。方法 对42眼后囊缺损或无后囊的无晶状体眼，行单襻(15眼)或双襻(27眼)人工晶状体穿透巩膜睫状沟固定术。单襻巩膜固定采用线结埋藏于角膜缘切口内；双襻巩膜固定采用在切开前房前已安置好固定缝线的方法。术后随访1～15个月。结果 术后裸眼视力0．1～0．4者24眼，0．5～0．9者15眼，1．0以上者3眼。结论 二期人工晶状体改良单襻或双襻穿透巩膜睫状沟固定，手术安全，术后视力恢复好，可减少手术并发症。     

儿童玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼的二期人工晶体植入术

目的评价儿童玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼二期人工晶体植入术的视力效果、手术技巧及其安全性.方法对32例儿童眼内炎玻璃体切除术后的无晶状体眼行人工晶状体植入术.采用颞下方平坦部巩膜灌注,行后房型人工晶体睫状沟缝线固定术,术后随访6～24月.结果所有患者均达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力,术后裸眼视力＜0.1者2眼,0.1～0.2者8眼,0.2～04者16眼,＞05者4眼.无严重远期并发症.结论儿童眼内炎玻璃体切除术后二期人工晶体睫状沟缝线固定术,手术效果可靠,术后并发症少,是矫正儿童无晶状体眼的理想手术方法.     

玻璃体切除术后无晶状体二期人工晶状体缝线固定术

目的探讨玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼经巩膜睫状沟二期人工晶状体固定术的手术方法及技巧。方法对81例（81眼）玻璃体切除术后无玻璃体、无晶状体眼施行在前房灌注下后房多类型人工晶状体巩膜睫状沟缝线固定术，术后随访3月～9年，观察临床效果及术中术后并发症。结果81例术中一次固定成功，术后裸眼视力均较术前提高，最佳矫正视力均达到或接近术前最佳矫正视力。术中6例少量出血，术后少数患者出现一过性低眼压、再次外伤后襻折断、黄斑水肿、人工晶状体襻扭曲，光学面倾斜、视网膜脱离、眼内炎等并发症。结论玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼二期人工晶状体缝线固定，术中应注意维持眼压，选择适合缝线固定的人工晶状体，可减少术中、术后并发症。     

后房人工晶状体缝线固定术25例疗效观察

目的评价后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术的效果。方法24例（24眼）无晶状体眼后囊破裂或无后囊者，其中Ⅰ期后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术13例（13眼）；Ⅱ期后房型人工晶状体缝线固定术11例（11眼）。结果24例（24眼）手术均顺利完成。随诊1～12月，视力≥0．3者20例占83．33％；0．1～0．2者4例（4眼）占16．67％。术后的主要并发症是角膜水肿和葡萄膜炎，但1周内都能恢复。结论后房型人工晶状体睫状沟缝线固定术是后囊破裂或无后囊者进行后房型人工晶状体植人的方法之一。     

无晶体后囊的儿童外伤性白内障三襻人工晶体缝线固定术

目的探讨儿童外伤性白内障无晶体后囊眼的人工晶体植入术。方法对21例儿童外伤性白内障摘除后植入三襻后房型人工晶体，进行经巩膜缝线固定术。结果术后入工晶体位置全部正常，无偏斜，随访2～20个月，无并发症，视力增进。结论三襻后房型人工晶体缝线固定术，具有术后晶体不易倾斜和偏位的优点，是治疗无晶体后囊眼的有效方法。     

玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼行不同术式人工晶状体植入术的临床观察

目的观察比较不同术式人工晶状体植入术治疗玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼的临床疗效。方法回顾2007年1月至2011年12月我院收治的玻璃体切除术后144例(146只眼)无晶状体眼患者的病例资料,分析比较不同术式植入人工晶状体后的临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果据病情行不同术式的人工晶状体植入,其中对有残留周边晶状体囊膜者行人工晶状体睫状沟内植入42只眼;对无囊膜残留者行经巩膜缝线固定人工晶状体植入术41只眼;前房型人工晶状体植入63只眼,术后均随访3个月以上:①138只眼裸眼视力提高2行以上占94.5%,术后裸眼视力达到或超过术前最佳矫正视力共有103只眼(70.5%),其中睫状沟植入组31只眼(73.8%),前房型人工晶状体植入组52只眼(82.5%),巩膜缝线固定组26只眼(63.4%);②常见并发症:术中出血9只眼(前房型人工晶状体组2只眼占3.2%,巩膜缝线固定组7只眼占17.1%,);术后出血11只眼(前房型人工晶状体组2只眼占3.2%,巩膜缝线固定组9只眼占22.0%,);术后早期并发症:眼压≤8 mm Hg共25只眼(睫状沟植入组3只眼占7.1%,前房型人工晶状体组10只眼占15.9%,巩膜缝线固定组12只眼占29.3%,);眼压≤5mm Hg共7只眼(前房型人工晶状体组4只眼占6.3%,巩膜缝线固定组3只眼占7.3%,);术后发生浅前房4只眼均为前房型人工晶状体植入组(占6.3%);角膜水肿5只眼均为前房型人工晶状体植入(7.9%);前房炎症反应4只眼均为前房型人工晶状体植入(6.3%)。远期并发症:黄斑囊样水肿6只眼(前房型人工晶状体组3只眼4.8%,巩膜缝线固定组3只眼占7.3%)。结论玻璃体切除术后无晶状体眼采用不同方式人工晶状体植入术后效果肯定,其中睫状沟植入人工晶状体术后并发症少,前房型人工晶状体和人工晶状体睫状沟植入术后视力矫正优于巩膜缝线固定人工晶状体植入,但对无囊膜支撑和不适于前房型人工晶状体植入的无晶状体眼,经巩膜缝线固定术也是有效的术式。     

外伤性白内障术后二期人工晶状体植入术

目的 探讨外伤性白内障术后二期植入后房型人工晶状体的时机和手术方式。方法 对34例(34只眼)外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼根据不同情况采用直接睫状沟植入法或缝线固定法进行二期植入后房型人工晶状体，观察两组患者的术后反应和治疗效果。结果 直接睫状沟植入法14只眼(41．2％)，缝线固定法20只眼(58．8％)，31只眼(91．2％)视力达到0．1以上，21只眼(61．76％)视力达0．3以上，28只眼(82．4％)术后矫正视力等于或高于术前最佳矫正视力。结论 选取合适的时机和方式二期植入人工晶状体，有助于减少术后并发症，提高视功能的恢复。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.