乳腺X线三维立体定位真空辅助乳腺活检在乳腺X线可疑钙化诊断中的价值北大核心CSCD

目的探讨乳腺X线三维立体定位真空辅助乳腺活检在可疑钙化中的应用价值。方法2016年1月~2018年12月对242例临床不可触及且超声检查阴性,乳腺X线可疑钙化,在乳腺X线三维立体定位下采用EnCor真空辅助乳腺活检系统旋切取活检,利用乳腺X线0°导航位和±15°立体定向确定病灶位置后,从该位置插入旋切刀进行微创旋切取活检。结果242例顺利完成活检,活检病理诊断良性病变205例(非典型病变16例),恶性病变37例(导管原位癌30例,浸润性导管癌7例)。37例恶性病变手术治疗,7例为浸润性导管癌,其中5例钙化完全切除,手术时无肿瘤残留,2例有残余微钙化和残余肿瘤;30例为导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS),其中28例钙化病灶完全切除,2例活检术中有肿瘤残留[手术切除标本示导管内癌伴早期浸润,DCIS升级率为6.7%(2/30)]。11例非典型性病变手术治疗,10例术后病理诊断为腺病,1例升级为DCIS,非典型增生升级率9.0%(1/11);5例非典型病变在3年的随访中无可疑发现。结论乳腺X线立体定位下真空辅助乳腺活检可以较好地应用于可疑钙化的微创活检,值得推广。     

高频超声引导下Mammotome旋切系统在乳腺微小钙化灶切取活检中的价值

目的探讨高频超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统在乳腺微小钙化灶切取活检中的临床价值。方法在高频超声引导下应用Mammotome系统对24例乳腺微小钙化灶施行微创旋切术，钙化灶切除后病理检查。结果24例病灶均被准确定位切取。24例乳腺钙化灶病理：乳腺癌3例（12．5％），其中导管原位癌2例，浸润性导管癌1例；乳腺良性病变21例（87．5％），其中囊性小叶增生9例，乳腺导管增生及扩张6例，硬化乳腺病5例，导管内乳头状瘤1例。结论高频超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统诊断乳腺疾病安全可靠，微创，是诊断乳腺疾病的有效方法。     

乳腺钼靶定位体表标记在触诊阴性乳腺钙化灶开放活检中的应用

目的 探讨乳腺钼靶定位体表标记在触诊阴性乳腺钙化灶开放活检中的临床价值。方法 2018年9月～2023年8月,对63例临床触诊阴性而乳腺钼靶显示有可疑钙化灶65个,采用自创的乳腺钼靶定位体表标记方法,行开放活检手术,分析可疑钙化灶的完整切除成功率及病理结果。结果 65个乳腺钙化灶经定位后均完整切除。其中一次完整切除钙化灶64个(98.5%),1个病灶2次手术完整切除。术中钼靶可见切缘>2 mm且<1 cm。病理诊断良性病变47个(乳腺增生16个,纤维腺瘤14个,硬化性腺病6个,导管内乳头状瘤3个,乳腺黏液性囊肿1个,非典型增生5个,小叶原位癌2个),恶性病变18个(导管原位癌15个,导管原位癌伴微浸润2个,浸润性非特殊型癌1个)。结论 对于触诊阴性乳腺钙化灶活检,乳腺钼靶定位体表标记可以满足定位要求,简单易学,且花费少,安全性高,对早期乳腺癌的检出具有重要意义。     

乳腺微小钙化灶的外科微创治疗

目的探讨乳腺微小钙化灶的外科微创治疗。方法采用意大利IMS生产的GITTOHI—TECH高频钼靶X线机及其配套的数字化立体定位活检系统,对30例钼靶X片上乳腺有微小钙化病灶、无任何临床体征的患者,在X线定位下穿刺活检,进行病理组织学检查。明确诊断后采取相应的手术方式治疗。结果全部病灶定位准确,病变完全切除并明确诊断。浸润性导管癌3例(10%),导管内癌6例(20%),重度不典型增生2例(6.7%),纤维腺瘤6例(20%),导管内乳头状瘤3例(10%),乳腺增生病10例(33.3%)。无金属导丝折断现象,无感染、切口延迟愈合及气胸等并发症。结论对X线片显示有恶性可能的钙化病灶、而临床未触及肿块者,行乳腺钼靶引导下导丝定位活检,切除乳腺组织少,能确定乳腺微小病变的性质,对早期乳腺癌的诊断有重要价值。     

乳腺钼靶立体定位手术活检在TO乳腺癌诊断中的应用

目的 探讨乳腺钼靶立体定位手术活检技术在T0乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法 利用乳腺钼靶立体定位手术活检技术，对22例乳腺隐匿性可疑病变进行立体定位手术活检。结果 22例隐匿性可疑病变均一次性准确定位，切除完整，诊断准确率100％；其中9例乳腺癌，2例导管内乳头状瘤，11例小叶增生。结论 乳腺钼靶立体定位手术活检技术，定位准确，诊断明确；能确定乳腺隐匿性病变的性质。     

ATEC活检系统在乳腺钙化灶立体定位活检中的应用

目的探讨ATEC活检系统在可疑乳腺癌钙化灶X线立体定位真空辅助活检(stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy,SVAB)中的应用价值。方法 2018年7月～2019年12月198例(215侧乳房)因乳腺钙化灶使用ATEC活检系统行SVAB,回顾性评估该活检系统的有效性、安全性及组织学低估率。结果 215侧乳房均顺利完成活检,病理示良性病变165侧,非典型导管上皮增生19侧,恶性病变31侧(其中导管原位癌25侧,导管原位癌伴局灶浸润性导管癌3侧,浸润性导管癌2侧,浸润性微乳头状癌1侧)。组织学低估率导管原位癌为16.0%(4/25),非典型导管上皮增生为5.3%(1/19)。结论ATEC系统可以较好地应用于中国女性常见可疑钙化灶微创活检,值得推广。     

立体定位Mammotome穿刺活检诊断乳房可疑恶性钙化的研究

目的探讨钼靶立体定位麦默通手术在乳房钙化灶诊断中的应用。方法收集2007年11月至2008年12月北京大学第三医院院收治的21例未触及乳房肿物的乳房钙化灶病例,年龄28～67岁,平均46.6岁。行钼靶立体定位麦默通穿刺活检手术。结果共切除乳房钙化灶29个。其中15个病灶为局限性簇状钙化灶,直径≤1cm,15个局限性钙化灶均完整切除。4例病人5个病灶病理证实为导管内癌,其余24个病灶病理证实为乳腺增生症,7个病灶表现为纤维囊性增生,有3个病灶伴有不同程度的导管上皮增生,1例伴有乳头状瘤形成。术后1例发生了穿刺部位血肿,自然吸收。全部病例均得到随访,平均9个月,4例乳腺癌病人行乳房切除,无复发,其余17例穿刺部位无肿块及陈旧血肿,3例复查钼靶未见可疑恶性征象。结论钼靶立体定位引导麦默通穿刺手术诊断乳房钙化灶,准确、微创、安全。     

Mammotome旋切系统对乳腺不可触及的微小病灶的临床应用研究

目的探讨Mammotome旋切系统对临床不可触及的乳腺微小病灶进行组织活检的应用价值。方法在超声引导下应用Mammotome旋切系统对临床不可触及的乳腺微小67例进行组织活检,术后应用钼靶X线摄片检查防止活检遗漏,并行病理切片检查。结果67例病例,77处病灶。平均每处病灶旋切9～17条标本不等,共842条。术后病理结果示:乳腺导管内癌1例,浸润性导管癌2例,复合性浸润癌1例,均发生于Ⅳ级伴钙化或伴结构紊乱病例;腺病21例,囊性增生22例,不典型增生3例,囊肿3例、囊肿伴钙化2例,乳头状瘤病5例,乳腺纤维瘤7例。术后并发局部血肿2例。操作全部成功,无病变组织遗漏和严重并发症发生。结论超声引导下应用Mammotome旋切系统对不可触及乳腺内微小病灶进行穿刺活检,能够明确病灶组织病理学性质,对术后进一步治疗有指导意义。手术简便、创伤小、定位准确,是目前乳腺外科的发展方向之一。     

钼靶导引钢丝定位行乳腺内可疑病灶切除260例分析

探讨钼靶引导钢丝定位切除乳腺内可疑病灶的方法。对260例临床触诊及B超检查均未发现、而钼靶发现的乳腺内可疑病灶,应用钼靶引导钢丝定位行病灶切除及病理检查。260例患者中右侧病灶139例,左侧病灶121例,均定位准确并予以切除。病理诊断:乳腺癌28例(10.76%),其中原位癌17例,浸润性导管癌6例,浸润性小叶癌2例,黏液腺癌3例;良性病变232例(89.24%),其中非典型性增生73例,囊性增生52例,硬化性腺病54例,增生伴导管内乳头状瘤15例,乳腺增生伴瘤样变27例,囊肿7例,慢性炎症4例。钼靶引导钢丝定位并切除乳腺内可疑病灶具有定位准确、创伤小、检出率高的优点。     

Mammotome乳房活检系统临床应用2794例报告

目的 探讨影像引导下Mammotome微创手术对乳腺病灶的诊断与治疗价值。方法 广东省人民医院肿瘤中心乳腺科2004年6月至2008年11月对2794例病人（乳腺影像学发现的BIRADS评级Ⅱ~V级病灶者）在影像引导下进行Mammotome微创活检术。 结果 术后病理学诊断乳腺浸润性癌263例,乳腺导管内癌240例,不典型增生53,良性病变2238例。263例乳腺浸润性癌接受外科手术及辅助治疗。240例乳腺导管内癌,53例不典型增生及99例乳头状癌接受外科开放性手术,3例被证实组织学低估。Mammotome微创活检术后活动性出血发生率为0.11%（3/2794）,血肿0.39%（11/2794）,无切口感染发生。所有病理诊断良性病变病人术后6个月始均接受B超随访。结论 应用影像引导下Mammotome旋切系统对乳腺病灶进行微创活检,获得明确病理组织学诊断,是一种有效的、安全的手术方法。     

Vacuum-assisted stereotactic breast biopsy: histologic underestimation of malignant lesions

HYPOTHESIS: The histopathologic correlation between stereotactic core needle biopsy and subsequent surgical excision of mammographically detected nonpalpable breast abnormalities is improved with a larger-core (11-gauge) device. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record and histopathologic review. SETTING: University-based academic practice setting. PATIENTS: Two hundred one patients who underwent surgical excision of mammographic abnormalities that had undergone biopsy with an 11-gauge vacuum-assisted stereotactic core biopsy device. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Correlation between stereotactic biopsy histologic results and the histologic results of subsequent surgical specimens. RESULTS: Results of stereotactic biopsy performed on 851 patients revealed atypical hyperplasia in 46 lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 89 lesions, and invasive cancer in 73 mammographic abnormalities. Subsequent surgical excision of the 46 atypical lesions revealed 2 cases of DCIS (4.3%) and 4 cases of invasive carcinoma (8.7%). Lesions diagnosed as DCIS on stereotactic biopsy proved to be invasive carcinoma in 10 (11.2%) of 89 patients on subsequent excision. Stereotactic biopsy completely removed 21 (23.6%) of 89 DCIS lesions and 20 (27.4%) of 73 invasive carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 11-gauge vacuum-assisted core breast biopsy accurately predicts the degree of disease in the majority of malignant lesions; however, understaging still occurs in 11% to 13% of lesions showing atypical hyperplasia or DCIS.     

Accuracy of 11-Gauge Vacuum-Assisted Core Biopsy of Mammographic Breast Lesions

Background: Image-guided percutaneous biopsy has largely replaced excisional biopsy of mammographic lesions. Vacuum-assisted core biopsy has improved sampling of such lesions. The objectives of this study were to define the accuracy of the vacuum-assisted 11-gauge stereotactic core biopsy in sampling of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to define histologic and mammographic features of target lesions, which predict sampling errors.Methods: Between October 1996 and March 2000, 1341 patients underwent stereotactic 11-gauge vacuum-assisted biopsy. Patients with ADH or DCIS were encouraged to undergo excisional biopsy.Results: Surgical excision of 37 ADH lesions revealed 5 missed DCIS lesions and 1 missed invasive cancer. Twelve of 91 DCIS lesions were upstaged to invasive cancer upon excision. The underestimation rate was highest in patients with DCIS when the target lesion for biopsy was a zone of calcifications >1.5 cm. No correlation existed between the histologic features of DCIS lesions diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy and the presence of infiltrating disease on excision.Conclusions: Vacuum-assisted 11-gauge stereotactic core biopsy understages 13.2% and 13.5% of DCIS and ADH lesions, respectively. In patients with DCIS found by stereotactic biopsy, a target zone of calcifications >1.5 cm is associated with a higher underestimation rate of infiltrating disease.     

手持式Mammotome系统在乳腺微创外科中的应用

目的 探讨B超引导下Mammotome系统对乳腺实质病灶的诊治价值及操作技巧。方法对81例87处乳腺病灶行B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切术，评价其对乳腺病灶的诊治效果。结果所有病灶均成功切除。87处乳腺病灶中，70处为纤维腺瘤，6处为腺瘤样增生，8处乳腺增生，1处为重度不典型增生，1处为乳头状增生活跃，1处为乳腺癌。结论手持式Mammotome微创旋切系统可有效治疗乳腺纤维瘤；能明确诊断可疑病灶，降低良性病变手术率。若为恶性可确定癌组织生物学特性并据此进行新辅助治疗。     

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??Stereotactic guided mammotome biopsies in diagnosis of suspicious breast microcalcifications LEI Yu-tao*, HOU Kuan-yong, LIU Yi,et al.*General Suregery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191??China Corresponding author??LEI Yu-tao??E-mail??leiyt@vip.sina.com Abstract Objective To evaluate the clinical application of stereotactic guided Mammotome biopsy in the diagnosis of breast microcalcifications. Methods During November, 2007 and December, 2008, we diagnosed and treated 21 patients with 29 untouched calcification lesions, aged 28 to 67 with an average of 46.6. Excision or biopsy of the lesions was performed using Mammotome biopsy under stereotactic guidance, and then all cases were followed up in 1-9 months. Results 29 lesions from 21 patients were excised with stereotactic guided Mammotome biopsy. 15 lesions completely removed appeared as clustered calcifications in diameter <1cm. 5 lesions in 4 patients were diagnosed as DCIS, the others were showed to be hyperplasia, in which 7 lesions appeared as fibrocystic hyperplasia, 3 lesions accompany with varying degrees of ductal epithelial hyperplasia, and 1 lesion with papilloma formation. 1 patient after operation appeared hematoma at the puncture site, which absorbed naturally after 2 weeks.. In the follow-up study, 4 patients undergoing mastectomy appeared without recurrence, and others show no signs of malignancy. Conclusion Stereotactic guided Mammotome biopsy is position fixed accurately and minimally invasive to breast surgery, especially suitable for breast microcalcification.     

Ductal carcinoma in situ and atypical ductal hyperplasia of the breast diagnosed at stereotactic core biopsy

Abstract: Stereotactic core needle biopsy (SCNB) allows specific histopathologic diagnoses to be made without surgery and has been demonstrated to be an accurate, cost-effective method of diagnosing breast disease, particularly nonpalpable lesions. However, recent studies have concluded that the diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) by means of SCNB has resulted in nearly equal odds that a coexisting malignant lesion will be missed. Furthermore, others have concluded that SCNB diagnosed as DCIS cannot reliably indicate the absence of tumor invasion in surgical excision. Between 1993 and 1998, 1,221 consecutive SCNB of mammographically identified lesions were performed using a 14-gauge automated device with an average of 5.3 cores obtained per lesion. ADH was identified in 19 (1.6%) lesions and DCIS in 89 (7.3%). Surgical biopsy was performed in 89 of these patients and histopathologic results from SCNB and surgical biopsies were reviewed and correlated. In 12 cases of ADH diagnosed by SCNB, surgical biopsy showed ADH in 8 (67%) cases and DCIS in the other 4 (33%) cases. In 77 cases of DCIS diagnosed by SCNB, a surgical biopsy showed DCIS in 55 (71%) cases, 6 more cases (8%) had DCIS with focal microinvasion, and 15 (19%) had invasive ductal carcinoma. In one case no residual tumor was found at surgery. In the author's patient population, the diagnosis of ADH at SCNB indicates high probability of DCIS or residual ADH in the surgical biopsy. The diagnosis of DCIS at SCNB is confirmed in the majority of surgical biopsies; however, a significant number of cases may show microinvasion or invasive carcinoma.     

乳腺X线立体定位活检方法的评价及选择

目的对目前乳腺X线立体定位下常用的3种活检方法进行评价。方法自2000年1月起,对361例乳腺病灶进行乳腺X线立体定位活检,其中弹射式空芯针活检（ST—CNB）73例、真空辅助旋切活检（ST-VAB）74例以及手术活检214例。在中位随访时间为18个月（6～66个月）时,比较3种X线立体定位活检方法的准确性以及临床应用特点。结果乳腺X线立体定位手术活检、ST-CNB和ST—VAB诊断乳腺癌的漏诊率分别为0、2．7％和0。微创活检诊断乳腺导管上皮不典型增生的低估率为33％,诊断乳腺导管内癌的低估率为53％。微创活检在操作时间、对乳房外形的影响及并发症等方面明显优于手术活检。微创活检使69％的可疑病灶避免了手术。结论乳腺X线立体定位微创活检,尤其是真空辅助旋切活检是一种准确、安全、简便的诊断方法,因此可作为乳腺X线中度可疑（BIRADS-4）病灶的首选诊断方法,但如果活检结果为不典型增生应进一步行X线立体定位手术活检;而对于高度可疑（BIRADS-5）病灶,宜直接选择手术活检诊断。     

Reliability of histologic diagnosis of breast cancer with stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy

The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of 11-gauge stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (SVAB) for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Percutaneous biopsies of 426 suspicious breast lesions in 365 patients using 11-gauge SVAB were performed between September 1996 and June 1998. Of these biopsies 59 (13.8%) resulted in a diagnosis of breast carcinoma and 56 (95%) were surgically excised. These 56 lesions constitute the basis of this study. Pathology of SVAB and surgically excised tissue of the 56 carcinomas as well as imaging findings were correlated. At percutaneous biopsy 34 (61%) lesions demonstrated ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 22 (39%) invasive carcinomas. Surgical excision demonstrated the presence of an invasive cancer in three lesions percutaneously diagnosed as DCIS (9%; confidence interval 2-24%). No residual carcinoma was surgically demonstrated in seven (12.5%) lesions. Sensitivity of 11-gauge SVAB for the diagnosis of invasion in breast cancer was 88 per cent. Using SVAB the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma is reliable. However, a percutaneous finding of DCIS does not exclude the presence of invasion in 9 per cent of cases as confirmed by subsequent surgery. Using SVAB 12.5% of carcinomas are completely excised.     

Percutaneous excisional biopsy of impalpable breast lesions under ultrasound visualization

Within the last ten years, the development of innovative minimally invasive breast biopsy technologies has made a significant impact on the diagnostic evaluation of impalpable breast lesions. The Mammotome minimally invasive biopsy system is a diagnostic tool used under stereotactic or ultrasound guidance. The minimally invasive biopsies for 143 impalpable breast lesions in 86 patients were performed using the B-ultrasound-guided 8-gauge vacuum-assisted Mammotome system at Jinan Military General Hospital. One hundred and forty-three breast lesions in 86 patients were excised completely using this method. The average biopsy procedure time was 17 min (range, 3–45 min). Clinically, suspicious lesions were satisfactorily confirmed by this system. One hundred and twenty-one lesions were diagnosed as fibroadenoma, nineteen lesions as breast adenosis, one lesion as invasive breast cancer, and two lesions as ductal carcinoma in situ. Skin ecchymosis was found in two patients. One hundred and thirty-two impalpable lesions were completely excised, as demonstrated by the follow-up ultrasound examination. The results suggest that the B-ultrasound-guided Mammotome system may be an efficient tool for the diagnosis and treatment of impalpable breast lesions.     

Factors associated with upgrading to malignancy at surgery of atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed on core biopsy

Previous studies have shown that 4-54% of breast lesions reported on core biopsies as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) are upgraded on further excision to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma. We evaluated the rate of upgrading ADH to carcinoma at surgery for ADH diagnosed by percutaneous biopsy, and examined characteristics associated with malignancy. We identified 13,488 consecutive biopsies conducted at one center over a nine-year period. A total of 422 biopsies with ADH in 415 patients were included. DCIS or invasive carcinoma was found in 132 cases (31.3% upgrading). Multivariate model revealed that ipsilateral breast symptoms, mammographic lesion other than microcalcifications alone, 14G core needle biopsy, papilloma co-diagnosis, severe ADH and pathologists with lower volume of ADH diagnosis were factors statistically associated with malignancy. However, no subgroups were identified for safe clinical-only follow-up. Surgery is recommended in all cases of ADH diagnosed by percutaneous breast biopsy.     

Underestimation of malignancy of atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed on 11-gauge stereotactically guided Mammotome breast biopsy: an Asian breast screen experience

The incidence of malignancy in excision biopsies performed for atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) diagnosed on needle biopsies has decreased since the advent of larger tissue sampling and improved accuracy using vacuum-assisted Mammotome biopsy. We undertook a retrospective study to identify predictive factors for understaging of ADH diagnosed on 11-gauge Mammotome biopsy, to determine whether it was possible to avoid surgical excision in women where mammographically visible calcifications had been completely removed. Sixty-one biopsy diagnosed ADH lesions were correlated with surgical excision findings that revealed DCIS in 14 (23%). The mammographic and biopsy features were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test. There was no association between morphology, extent of calcifications, number of cores sampled with underestimation of malignancy (P=0.503, 0.709, 0.551 respectively). In the absence of residual calcifications, the frequency of underestimation of carcinoma still occurred in 17%.