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1.
Yoshiaki Shoji Hiroya Takeuchi Kazumasa Fukuda Koichi Fukunaga Rieko Nakamura Tsunehiro Takahashi Norihito Wada Hirofumi Kawakubo Taku Miyasho Takahiro Hiratsuka Masafumi Inomata Tomoko Betsuyaku Yuko Kitagawa 《Inflammation research》2017,66(9):803-811
Objective and design
An animal experiment was performed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of an alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) derivative, dihydrolipoyl histidinate zinc complex (DHLHZn) for acute lung injury (ALI) and to investigate the mechanism of action.Material
Rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: control group (n = 17), DHLHZn(?) group (n = 11, ALI model rats), and DHLHZn(+) group (n = 12, ALI model rats treated by DHLHZn).Treatment
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 10 mg/kg) were administered intratracheally in the DHLHZn(?) group and the DHLHZn(+) group. For the DHLHZn(+) group, DHLHZn (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 2 h prior to LPS administration.Methods
Four hours after LPS administration, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected. The findings were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test.Results
Total number of cells, number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, levels of various inflammatory cytokines, and NF-kB p65 concentration of BALF were significantly lower in the DHLHZn(+) group than in the DHLHZn(?) group (p < 0.05). ALI pathology scores were significantly lower in the DHLHZn(+) group than in the DHLHZn(?) group (p < 0.001).Conclusions
Anti-inflammatory effects of DHLHZn for ALI were demonstrated by BALF and histopathological findings. The mechanism of action of DHLHZn was considered to be via inhibition of the NF-kB signaling pathway. DHLHZn is thus suggested to be a new prophylactic agent for ALI.2.
Taif A. Azad Nikhil B. Edward Altaf A. Kondkar Hatem Kalantan Saleh Altuwaijri Tahira Sultan Faisal A. Al-Mobarak Saleh A. Al-Obeidan Khaled K. Abu-Amero 《Journal of negative results in biomedicine》2017,16(1):12
Background
To investigate the association between polymorphism rs547984, located in close proximity to the Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein 4 (ZP4) gene on human chromosome 1q43 and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Method
Polymorphism rs547984 was genotyped using Taq-Man® assay in 185 subjects comprising of 90 unrelated POAG cases and 95 controls of Saudi origin.Results
Association analysis between cases and controls revealed no significant genotype distribution under additive (p = 0.356), dominant (p = 0.517) and recessive (p = 0.309) models. Besides, the allele frequency distribution was also found to be non-significant (p = 0.70). The minor “A” allele frequency was found to be 0.49 and 0.50 among POAG cases and controls, respectively. In addition, specific clinical indices used to assess severity of glaucoma such as intraocular pressure (IOP), cup/disc ratio and number of anti-glaucoma medication also did not show any significant genotype distribution in POAG cases.Conclusion
Polymorphism rs547984 is neither associated with any clinical indices important for POAG such as IOP and cup/disc ratio nor is a risk factor for POAG in the Saudi cohort.3.
Daniela Josabeth López-Cano Daniel Cadena-Sandoval Olga Beltrán-Ramírez Rosa Elda Barbosa-Cobos Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz Luis Manuel Amezcua-Guerra Yaneli Juárez-Vicuña María Concepción Aguilera-Cartas José Moreno Jesús Bautista-Olvera Guillermo Valencia-Pacheco Ricardo F. López-Villanueva Julian Ramírez-Bello 《Inflammation research》2017,66(9):775-781
Objective
The functional PTPN22 R620W polymorphism (rs2476601) is clearly associated with susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, the PTPN22 R263Q polymorphism (rs33996649) has been scarcely explored in different ADs. Here we aimed to examine the associations of the PTPN22 R620W and R263Q polymorphisms with susceptibility to or protection against rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Graves’ disease (GD) among Mexican patients.Methods
We conducted a case–control study including 876 patients (405 with SLE, 388 with RA, and 83 with GD) and 336 healthy control individuals. PTPN22 genotypes were determined using the TaqMan 5′ allele discrimination assay.Results
PTPN22 R620W was associated with GD susceptibility (OR 4.3, p = 0.004), but was not associated with SLE (OR 1.8, p = 0.19). We previously demonstrated that this polymorphism is associated with RA susceptibility (OR 4.17, p = 0.00036). Moreover, PTPN22 R263Q was associated with protection against SLE (OR 0.09, p = 004) and RA (OR 0.28, p = 0.045), but was not associated with GD.Conclusions
Our data provide the first demonstration that PTPN22 R620W confers GD susceptibility among Latin-American patients. Moreover, this is the second report documenting the association of PTPN22 R263Q with protection against SLE and RA.4.
Karolina Wesołowska Marko Elovainio Taina Hintsa Markus Jokela Laura Pulkki-Råback Niina Pitkänen Jari Lipsanen Janne Tukiainen Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen Terho Lehtimäki Markus Juonala Olli Raitakari Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2017,24(6):901-907
Purpose
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with depressive symptoms, but the causal direction of this association and the underlying mechanisms, such as increased glucose levels, remain unclear. We used instrumental-variable regression with a genetic instrument (Mendelian randomization) to examine a causal role of increased glucose concentrations in the development of depressive symptoms.Method
Data were from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (n = 1217). Depressive symptoms were assessed in 2012 using a modified Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I). Fasting glucose was measured concurrently with depressive symptoms. A genetic risk score for fasting glucose (with 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms) was used as an instrumental variable for glucose.Results
Glucose was not associated with depressive symptoms in the standard linear regression (B = ?0.04, 95% CI [?0.12, 0.04], p = .34), but the instrumental-variable regression showed an inverse association between glucose and depressive symptoms (B = ?0.43, 95% CI [?0.79, ?0.07], p = .020). The difference between the estimates of standard linear regression and instrumental-variable regression was significant (p = .026)Conclusion
Our results suggest that the association between T2D and depressive symptoms is unlikely to be caused by increased glucose concentrations. It seems possible that T2D might be linked to depressive symptoms due to low glucose levels.5.
Objective
This study aimed at investigating the in vitro activity of minocycline and doxycycline on human polymorphonuclear (h-PMN) cell function.Methods
h-PMNs were isolated from whole venous blood of healthy subjects; PMN oxidative burst was measured by monitoring ROS-induced oxidation of luminol and transendothelial migration was studied by measuring PMN migration through a monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Differences between multiple groups were determined by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test; Student’s t test for unpaired data for two groups.Results
Minocycline (1–300 µM) concentration dependently and significantly inhibited oxidative burst of h-PMNs stimulated with 100 nM fMLP. Ten micromolar concentrations, which are superimposable to C max following a standard oral dose of minocycline, promoted a 29.8 ± 4 % inhibition of respiratory burst (P < 0.001; n = 6). Doxycycline inhibited ROS production with a lesser extent and at higher concentrations. 10–100 µM minocycline impaired PMN transendothelial migration, with maximal effect at 100 µM (42.5 ± 7 %, inhibition, n = 5, P < 0.001).Conclusions
These results added new insight into anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline exerted on innate immune h-PMN cell function.6.
Marissa G. Hall Theresa M. Marteau Cass R. Sunstein Kurt M. Ribisl Seth M. Noar Elizabeth N. Orlan Noel T. Brewer 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2018,41(3):398-405
Background
Understanding factors that influence public support for “nudging” policies, like pictorial cigarette pack warnings, may offer insight about how to increase such support. We sought to examine factors that influence smokers’ support for requiring pictorial warnings on cigarette packs.Methods
In 2014 and 2015, we randomly assigned 2149 adult US smokers to receive either pictorial warnings or text-only warnings on their cigarette packs for 4 weeks. The outcome examined in the current study was support for a policy requiring pictorial warnings on cigarette packs in the US.Results
Support for pictorial warnings was high at baseline (mean: 3.2 out of 4). Exposure to pictorial warnings increased policy support at week 4 (β = .05, p = .03). This effect was explained by increases in perceived message effectiveness (p < .001) and reported conversations about policy support (p < .001). Message reactance (i.e., an oppositional reaction to the warning) partially diminished the impact of pictorial warnings on policy support (p < .001).Conclusions
Exposing people to a new policy through implementation could increase public support for that policy by increasing perceived effectiveness and by prompting conversations about the policy. Reactance may partially weaken the effect of policy exposure on public support.7.
Donja Rodic Andrea Hans Meyer Roselind Lieb Gunther Meinlschmidt 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2016,23(1):39-48
Background
Somatoform Disorders or Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders are a major public health problem.The pathophysiology underlying these disorders is not yet understood.Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore if sensory responsiveness could contribute to a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying two key symptoms of Somatoform Disorders, namely somatic symptoms and illness anxiety.Methods
We measured vibrotactile perception thresholds with the HVLab Perception Meter and examined their association with somatic symptoms, illness anxiety and trait anxiety. A sample of 205 volunteers participated in the study.Results
Sensory responsiveness was neither associated with somatic symptoms (β?=??0.01; 95 % confidence interval (CI), ?0.37, 0.39) nor trait anxiety (β?=??0.07; 95 % CI, ?0.30, 0.07). However, lower vibrotactile perception thresholds were associated with increased scores of the overall illness anxiety scale (β?=??0.65; 95 % CI, ?1.21, ?0.14) and its constituent subscale disease conviction (β?=??2.07; 95 % CI, ?3.94, ?0.43).Conclusions
Our results suggest that increased sensory responsiveness is associated with illness anxiety and hence should be examined further as potential target within the etiopathology of somatoform disorders.8.
M. S. Chung J. Kim J. O. Kang H. Pai 《European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases》2016,35(11):1771-1776
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of malignancy and chemotherapy on the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI).Methods
CDI patients with a history of malignancy within 5 years were defined as the cancer group. The characteristics of the patients were compared according to the presence of malignancy.Results
Of 580 patients with CDI, 159 (27.4 %) belonged to the cancer group and 421 (72.6 %) to the non-cancer group. More of the patients in the cancer group than those in the non-cancer group had been hospitalized within the prior 2 months (P?<?0.001). Leukocytosis was more common in the non-cancer group (P?=?0.034), while infection by PCR ribotype 017 strains was more common in the cancer group, with marginal significance (P?=?0.07). Recurrence was more frequent in the cancer group (20.4 % vs. 9.5 %, P =0.005) and cancer was an independent risk factor for recurrence of CDI (OR?=?2.66, 95 % CI 1.34-5.29, P =0.005). Age also contributed to the recurrence of CDI (OR?=?1.03, 95 % CI 1.00-1.06, P =0.026).Conclusions
Malignancy and age are independent risk factors for recurrence of CDI. Cancer patients require careful observation for recurrence after treatment of CDI.9.
Connor Stevenson Di Jiang Niccolette Schaefer Yoko Ito Reena Berman Amelia Sanchez Hong Wei Chu 《Inflammation research》2017,66(8):691-700
Objective
To evaluate the effects of MUC18 on IL-13-mediated airway inflammatory responses in human airway epithelial cells and in mice.Materials
Primary normal human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells, wild-type (WT) and Muc18 knockout (KO) mice, and mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) were utilized.Treatment
Cultured HTBE cells treated with MUC18 siRNA or MUC18 expressing lentivirus were incubated with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. Mice were intranasally instilled with 500 ng of IL-13 for 3 days. mTECs were treated with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) for 3 days.Methods
PCR was used to measure mRNA expression. Western Blot and ELISAs were used to quantify protein expression. Cytospins of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells were used to obtain leukocyte differentials.Results
MUC18 siRNA reduced IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 (183 ± 44 vs. 380 ± 59 pg/mL, p < 0.05), while MUC18 overexpression increased IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3 (95 ± 3 vs. 58 ± 3 pg/mL, p < 0.05) in HTBE cells. IL-13-treated Muc18 KO mice had a lower percentage of neutrophils in BAL than WT mice (25 ± 3 vs. 35 ± 3%, p = 0.0565).Conclusions
These results implicate MUC18 as a potential enhancer of airway inflammation in a type 2 cytokine (e.g., IL-13) milieu.10.
Aymeric Rauch Pedro Augusto Gondim Teixeira Romain Gillet Manuela Perez Isabelle Clerc-Urmes Charles Lombard Alain Blum 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》2016,38(7):793-799
Purpose
To study variations in the anatomical relationships of the branches of the ulnar nerve in Guyon’s canal relative to the hamulus of hamate (HH) in a grip encountered among cyclists.Materials and methods
Forty-seven wrist examinations were performed on a 3-T MRI (soft antenna, 16 channels) in propeller sequence in the plane perpendicular to the carpus in 28 healthy volunteers in three cycling positions (neutral, hyperextension and ulnar deviation). The positions and distance between the superficial (SB) and deep (DB) branches of the ulnar nerve with respect to the HH were determined on the section passing through the HH.Results
The mean distances between the SB (d s) and DP (d p) and HH were 2.4 and 0.6 mm, respectively. The d s in hyperextension and ulnar deviation were 2.2 mm (P = 0.3) and 3 mm (P = 0.07), respectively. The d p in hyperextension and ulnar deviation were 0.3 mm (P = 0.02) and 0.5 mm (P = 0.15), respectively. Hyperextended, 60 % of SB and 40 % of DB were close to the HH, and 26 % of DB came directly in contact with it. In ulnar deviation, 30 % of SB and 29 % of DB approached HH, and 47 % of DB were in contact with it.Conclusion
This study shows that SB and DB positions of the ulnar nerve vary with respect to the HH depending on the position of the wrist, and such differences may promote Guyon’s canal syndrome in cyclists.11.
Ira Jacobs Danielle Petersel Leah Isakov Sadiq Lula K. Lea Sewell 《BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy》2016,30(6):525-570
Background
Clinicians are required to assimilate, critically evaluate, and extrapolate information to support appropriate use of biosimilars across indications.Objectives
The objective of this study was to systematically collate all published data in order to assess the weight (quantity and quality) of available evidence for each molecule and inform and support healthcare decision-making in chronic inflammatory diseases.Methods
MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, and ISI Web of Science® were searched to September 2015. Selected conference proceedings were searched from 2012 to July 2015. Studies disclosing biosimilars with unique identifiers were categorized by originator, study type, and indication. Risk of bias assessments were performed. Intended copies were differentiated as commercially available agents without evidence of rigorous comparative biosimilarity evaluations.Results
Proposed biosimilars for adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, and rituximab are reported in the published literature. Across indications, approved biosimilars infliximab CT-P13, SB2, and etanercept SB4 have published studies involving the largest number of patients or healthy subjects (n = 1405, 743, and 734, respectively), mostly in rheumatoid arthritis. At data cut-off, only CT-P13 had published data in ankylosing spondylitis (n = 250; randomized control trial) and ulcerative colitis/Crohn’s disease (n = 336; observational studies). Published data were not available for ongoing studies in psoriasis patients. Four intended copies were identified in published studies (total: n = 1430; n = 1372 in observational studies). Thematic analysis of non-empirical publications showed that indication extrapolation remains an issue, particularly for gastroenterologists.Conclusions
While most agents display a moderate to high degree of similarity to their originator in the published studies identified, large discrepancies persist in the overall amount and type of data available in the public domain. Significant gaps exist particularly for intended copies, reinforcing the need to maintain a clear differentiation between these molecules and true biosimilars.12.
David S. Brennan A. John Spencer Kaye F. Roberts-Thomson 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2017,24(1):77-82
Purpose
The aims of the study were to assess the association of periodontal loss of attachment with smoking and work-family conflict and assess whether work-family conflict modifies the association of smoking and periodontal disease.Method
A random sample of 45–54 year olds from metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, was surveyed by mailed self-complete questionnaire during 2004–2005. Oral examinations were performed on persons who responded to the questionnaire, providing an assessment of periodontal status.Results
A total of 879 responded (participation rate = 43.8 %), with n = 709 oral examinations (completion rate = 80.7 %). Prevalence of periodontal loss of attachment (LOA) of 6+ mm was higher (p < 0.05) for smokers (23.8 %) compared to non-smokers (7.8 %) among employed adults. The adjusted prevalence ratio for LOA 6+ mm was prevalence ratio (PR) = 4.9 (95 % CI 2.2–8.8) for smokers, and there was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between smoking status and work-family conflict.Conclusion
Work-family conflict modified the association of smoking with periodontal disease. Higher levels of work interfering with family were associated with higher levels of periodontal LOA for smokers compared with non-smokers.13.
Kimihiro Igari Toshifumi Kudo Takahiro Toyofuku Yoshinori Inoue 《BMC clinical pathology》2017,17(1):14
Background
Platelets and coagulation proteins contribute to the development of peripheral arterial disease, especially atherosclerotic disease. Several experimental studies have proven a significant correlation between hypercoagulability and atherosclerosis. We used dielectric blood coagulometry, which was initially designed to evaluate the coagulable status, to examine the coagulability of peripheral arterial disease patients, and investigated the factors that were significantly correlated with the results.Methods
We performed dielectric blood coagulometry in 49 peripheral arterial disease patients. In addition, we recorded the patients’ demographic information, including the presence of comorbidities, hemodynamic status, and laboratory findings. To investigate coagulability, we calculated the Tmax value, which indicates the time from recalcification to maximum normalized permittivity.Results
The Tmax values of diabetes mellitus patients were significantly lower than those of non-diabetic patients (1 MHz, P = 0.010; 10 MHz, 0.011). Furthermore, the Tmax value was statistically correlated with the activated partial thromboplastin time (1 MHz, ρ = 0.286, P = 0.048; 10 MHz, ρ = 0.301, P = 0.037).Conclusions
Dielectric blood coagulometry detected the hypercoagulable status in diabetes mellitus patients, and reflected their level of coagulability, which was also evaluated by the activated partial thromboplastin time.14.
Emily A. Leven Patrick Maffucci Hans D. Ochs Paul R. Scholl Rebecca H. Buckley Ramsay L. Fuleihan Raif S. Geha Coleen K. Cunningham Francisco A. Bonilla Mary Ellen Conley Ronald M. Ferdman Vivian Hernandez-Trujillo Jennifer M. Puck Kathleen Sullivan Elizabeth A. Secord Manish Ramesh Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles 《Journal of clinical immunology》2016,36(5):490-501
Purpose
The United States Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNET) patient registry was used to characterize the presentation, genetics, phenotypes, and treatment of patients with Hyper IgM Syndrome (HIGM).Methods
The USIDNET Registry was queried for HIGM patient data collected from October 1992 to July 2015. Data fields included demographics, criteria for diagnosis, pedigree analysis, mutations, clinical features, treatment and transplant records, laboratory findings, and mortality.Results
Fifty-two physicians entered data from 145 patients of ages 2 months to 62 years (median 12 years); 131 were males. Using patients’ age at last entry, data from 2072 patient years are included. Mutations were recorded for 85 subjects; 82 were in CD40LG. Eighteen subjects had non-X-linked HIGM. 40 % had a normal serum IgM and 15 %, normal IgA. Infections were reported for 91 %, with pulmonary, ear, and sinus infections being the most common. 42 % had Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; 6 % had Cryptosporidium. 41 % had neutropenia. 78 % experienced non-infectious complications: chronic diarrhea (n?=?22), aphthous ulcers (n?=?28), and neoplasms (n?=?8) including colon cancer, adrenal adenoma, liver adenocarcinoma, pancreatic carcinoid, acute myeloid leukemia, hepatoma, and, in a female with an autosomal dominant gain of function mutation in PIK3CD, an ovarian dysgerminoma. Thirteen patients had a hematopoietic marrow or stem cell transplant; three had solid organ transplants. Thirteen were known to have died (median age?=?14 years).Conclusions
Analysis of the USIDNET Registry provides data on the common clinical features of this rare syndrome, and in contrast with previously published data, demonstrates longer survival times and reduced gastrointestinal manifestations.15.
Anna Serlachius Marko Elovainio Markus Juonala Steven Shea Matthew Sabin Terho Lehtimäki Olli Raitakari Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen Laura Pulkki-Råback 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2017,24(2):161-170
Purpose
The psychosocial determinants of prediabetes are poorly understood. The aims of our study were (1) to analyse the association between perceived social support in young adulthood and fasting glucose levels and prediabetes in mid-adulthood in a cohort of healthy Finns, (2) to explore whether body mass index (BMI), inflammation or depression mediate this relationship, (3) and to examine the association between social support trajectory groups and fasting glucose.Method
A prospective design was used with an analytic sample of 1250 participants aged 3–18 years at baseline (1980) and aged 12–39 years when social support was measured. Fasting glucose and prediabetes were assessed 32 years after baseline. Linear and logistic regression was used to examine the association between social support and the outcome measures. A bootstrapping technique was used to examine mediation effects.Results
Social support was associated with future glucose levels in women after adjusting for childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and youth depression (β = ?0.136, p = 0.001) and also predicted prediabetes in women after adjusting for childhood SES (β = 1.31, 95 % CI 1.02 to 1.69, p = 0.031). Both associations were attenuated after adjusting for BMI in mid-adulthood. BMI was found to mediate the relationship between social support and prediabetes in women (β for indirect effect β = 0.09, SE = 0.03, CI = 0.03 to 0.16).Conclusion
Low perceived social support in young adulthood is associated with high fasting glucose and prediabetes in mid-adulthood in women but not men. The association between social support and prediabetes in women can be partly explained by BMI.16.
Hongmou Zhao Hongliang Liu Xiaojun Liang Yi Li Junhu Wang Cheng Liu 《BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy》2016,30(5):387-396
Background
Hyaluronic acid injection has been reported to decrease pain compared with baseline levels in knee joint osteoarthritis. Hylan G-F 20 is distinguished from the other products by its chemical structure and relatively higher molecular weight. Many trials have compared hylan G-F 20 and low molecular weight hyaluronic acids (LMWHAs); however, their relative efficacy and safety are still debated.Objective
The aim was to compare the effectiveness and safety of intra-articular injection of hylan G-F 20 and LMWHA in the treatment of knee joint osteoarthritis.Methods
A comprehensive search of the literature up to February 2016 was performed; multiple databases were searched with ‘Synvisc’ or ‘hylan’ or ‘hyaluronan’ as free word terms. The pain-related outcomes and treatment-related adverse events from intent-to-treat analyzed studies were pooled for meta-analysis; other functional outcomes were included in the qualitative analysis.Results
Twenty trials with a total of 3034 patients and 3153 knees were included, with a pooled dropout rate of 7.2 %. The pooled pain-related outcomes at 2 to 3 months reached a statistically significant difference in favor of hylan G-F 20 (I 2 = 88 %; random effects; P = 0.02), and the significance still existed with exclusion (in order to eliminate heterogeneity) of the three studies that most favored hylan G-F 20 (I 2 = 51 %; fixed effect; P = 0.03). No significant difference was reached for other group and subgroup analyses. No significant difference was reached in comparing the patients with treatment-related adverse events (seven trials; 2025 patients; P = 0.13) or the treatment-related adverse events (six trials; 1633 patients; P = 0.14).Conclusion
According to the current results, limited evidence showed a superior effect favoring hylan G-F 20 over LMWHA in the period from 2 to 3 months post-injection for pain-related outcomes. There was no evidence of increased risk of treatment-related adverse events for hylan G-F 20 injections.17.
Purpose
To describe the straight-into-cochlea line that affords the best access for an electrode array to enter via the round window, and how this line relates to the facial nerve, the incus, and mastoid size. The straight-into-cochlea line is important to minimize the cochlear trauma and maximize the likelihood of placement into the scala tympani.Methods
High-resolution CT scans were obtained for ten craniums with the extremes of large (N = 5) and small (N = 5) mastoid pneumatization; the specimens were from a series of 41 ear normal craniums. Using FIJI, a publicly available software program, the straight-into-cochlea insertion line was determined by defining the x–y–z coordinates of the middle of the round window and a point 6.0 mm into the cochlea on its centrifugal wall. Then, from the extended straight-into-cochlea insertion line, we determined the shortest perpendicular distance to the middle of the fallopian canal, and from that “fallopian point” to the apex of the posterior process of the incus.Results
We found good repeatability of measurements. We found the extended straight-into-cochlea insertion lines routinely close to or in the midst of the fallopian canal (50 % ≤ 1.0 mm). We found the lines 4.7–7.8 mm from the apex of the posterior process of the incus. Line positions relative to “fallopian point” and incus showed no relation to mastoid pneumatization. For the distance “fallopian point” to incus, bilateral symmetry was suggested.Conclusions
Using landmarks registered in an x–y–z coordinate system, straight-into-cochlea insertion via the round window puts the facial nerve at risk.18.
Deepak N. Bhatia Bibhas DasGupta Taufiq Panjwani 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》2016,38(7):781-791
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe neurovascular structures-at-risk during establishment of five portals for access to distal biceps tendon (DBT) in cubital fossa, and to establish relative safety of these portal sites for such access. We hypothesized that all five portals are safe for endoscopic DBT exploration.Methods
Ten fresh frozen cadaveric elbows were dissected after placement of portals at five potential sites (four anterior, one posterior). Nine neurovascular structures (CV, cephalic vein; LCN, lateral cutaneous nerve; LV, leash of vessels; RN, radial nerve; SRN, superficial radial nerve; PIN, posterior interosseous nerve; RA, radial artery; BA, brachial artery; MN, median nerve) were dissected, and their distances from portal sites were measured. Statistical analysis was performed to determine relative portal safety, and risk of injury to neurovascular structures in relation to each portal was analyzed.Results
Structures that were significantly “at risk” were RA (p = 0.006), SRN (p = 0.002), and PIN (p = 0.004). RA was significantly “at risk” of injury from portal 4 (p = 0.009). Similarly, SRN was “at risk” from portal 3 (p = 0.036), and the PIN was “at risk” from portal 2 (p = 0.003).Conclusions
Portal 1 (parabiceps portal) was safe for all neurovascular structures, however, portals 2–4 were significantly closer to neurovascular structures. RA, SRN, and PIN were significantly “at risk” as compared to other structures amongst the portals studied. Portal 5 was relatively safe for SRN and PIN.Clinical relevance
Portals 1 (parabiceps portal) and 5 (distal posterior) can be safely placed for endoscopic access to the DBT. Portal 4 (open distal anterior) may be used after careful open dissection and under direct vision. Portals 2 and 3 are not recommended for elbow endoscopy.19.
Edward C. Suarez Jean C. Beckham Kimberly T. Green 《International journal of behavioral medicine》2017,24(6):927-936
Purpose
We examined the relation of alcohol consumption to glucose metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) as a function of depressive symptoms, adiposity, and sex.Method
Healthy adults (aged 18–65 years) provided fasting blood samples and information on lifestyle factors. Alcohol intake was categorized as never, infrequent (1–3 drinks/month), occasional (1–7 drinks/week), and regular (≥2 drinks/day) drinkers. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess symptom severity. Primary outcomes were fasting insulin, glucose, and IR assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA).Results
In univariate analysis, alcohol consumption was negatively associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.03), insulin (p = 0.007), and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.04), but not with glucose or BDI. Adjusting for potential confounders including BMI, alcohol consumption was associated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.01) and insulin (p = 0.009) as a function of BDI and sex. For women with minimal depressive symptoms, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower HOMA-IR and insulin. Alcohol consumption was not associated with metabolic markers in women with higher depressive symptoms and in men. In analysis using BMI as a continuous moderator, alcohol consumption was only associated with insulin (p = 0.004). Post-hoc comparisons between BMI groups (<25 vs ≥25 kg/m2) revealed that light-to-moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower insulin but only in subjects with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.Conclusions
The benefits of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption on fasting insulin and IR are sex dimorphic and appear to be independently moderated by adiposity and depressive symptom severity.20.
Lisa Prochnow Sandra Zimmermann Thomas Penzel 《Somnologie - Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin》2016,20(2):113-118