盐酸左氧氟沙星栓的制备与临床应用

目的 制备盐酸左氧氟沙星栓，用于治疗细菌性阴道炎。方法 选择盐酸左氧氟沙星栓的处方，建立配制和质控标准，用盐酸左氧氟沙星栓对102例细菌性阴道炎患者治疗。结果该制备工艺简单，质量稳定，治疗细菌性阴道炎临床有效率达到100.0%。结论 盐酸左氧氟沙星栓用于细菌性阴道炎患者治疗效果满意。     

消糜阴道泡腾片对大鼠细菌性阴道炎的治疗作用研究

目的探讨消糜阴道泡腾片对大鼠细菌阴道炎模型的治疗作用。方法将雌性大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、消糜阴道泡腾片治疗组、氧氟沙星栓剂对照组。除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠建立细菌性阴道炎模型,成模后给药,末次药后取阴道分泌物涂片染色镜检验;处死大鼠,取阴道组织,进行病理学的检查。结果消糜阴道泡腾片高剂量抗大鼠细菌性阴道炎的总有效率为91.7%,与氧氟沙星栓组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论消糜阴道泡腾片对大鼠细菌性阴道炎具有显著的治疗作用。     

复方左氧氟沙星栓剂的研制及临床应用

目的:研制复方氧氟沙星栓剂并观察临床疗效。方法:以左氧氟沙星与替硝唑制成栓剂治疗阴道炎150例,并与口服氧氟沙星及替硝唑150例对比。结果:复方左氧氟沙星栓剂治疗阴道炎有良好疗效。结论:复方左氧氟沙星栓剂治疗阴道炎的疗效与口服左氧氟沙星及替硝唑的疗效一致。     

HPLC法测定复方氯霉素栓中氯霉素含量

ＨＰＬＣ法测定复方氯霉素栓中氯霉素含量泸州医学院附属医院药剂科四川６４６０００叶云杨艳肖顺林张仕善陈丽复方氯霉素栓（以下简称ＣＧ栓）是我院研制的一种以氯霉素等为主药的复方阴道栓剂，对细菌性阴道炎，特别是老年性阴道炎有较好疗效。本文采用高效...     

壳聚糖妇科栓治疗念珠菌阴道炎、细菌性阴道病疗效观察

目的：观察壳聚糖妇科栓治疗念珠菌性阴道炎、细菌性阴道病的临床疗效。方法：采用随机对比性，临床研究，将50例壳聚糖妇科栓治疗念珠菌阴道炎与50例达克宁栓治疗念珠菌阴道炎的疗效进行比较，将50例壳聚糖妇科栓治疗细菌性阴道病与50例甲硝唑栓治疗细菌性阴道病的疗效进行比较。结果：壳聚糖妇科栓治疗念珠菌阴道炎、细菌性阴道病的有效率分别为93．6％、79．1％，与常规药物达克宁栓、甲硝唑栓的治疗效果差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：壳聚糖妇科栓治疗念珠菌阴道炎、细菌性阴道病安全、有效，其优势是在无完善的实验室检查情况下，仍可对患者进行治疗，并且不易产生耐药性．     

复方替硝唑栓的研制和质量标准

目的：为解决妇科临床治疗滴虫性阴道炎和滴虫细菌混合感染性阴道炎的治疗方法。方法研制氧氟沙星和替硝唑的复方制剂,并采用妇科常用的剂型栓剂为制剂剂型。结果制剂方法简单,主要成分定性定量方法方便可靠。结论复方替硝唑栓制备工艺合理,质量标准可靠。     

甲硝唑联合克林霉素治疗细菌性阴道炎的价值

目的探讨甲硝唑联合克林霉素治疗细菌性阴道炎的价值。方法收集我院诊断为细菌性阴道炎的患者,按随机数字表分组:研究组接受甲硝唑栓剂联合克林霉素治疗,对照组接受甲硝唑栓剂治疗。对比两组细菌性阴道炎的病程;两组细菌性阴道炎治疗疗效;两组随访4个月,对比两组细菌性阴道炎复发率。结果两组细菌性阴道炎的病程比较无差异(P>0.05);两组细菌性阴道炎治疗疗效比较有差异(P<0.05);研究组和对照组细菌性阴道炎治疗后4个月复发率分别为0%、2.5%,比较有差异(P<0.05)。结论甲硝唑与克林霉素治疗细菌性阴道炎疗效肯定,复发率低。     

复方氟康唑泡腾栓的制备及临床应用

复方氟康唑泡腾栓的制备及临床应用庄志铨肖丽明钟梅（第一军医大学南方医院广州５１０５１５）阴道炎是妇女常见的疾病，发病率较高。我们研制了复方氟康唑泡腾栓，经临床系统观察２１０例病人，效果良好，现介绍如下。１栓剂制备１．１处方氟康唑３ｇ，氧氟沙星３ｇ，甲...     

奥硝唑栓和克林霉素磷酸酯栓联合阴道给药治疗细菌性阴道炎的疗效分析

目的研究奥硝唑栓联合克林霉素磷酸酯栓阴道给药对细菌性阴道炎的治疗价值。方法选取140例细菌性阴道炎患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组各70例,观察组采用奥硝唑栓联合克林霉素磷酸酯栓阴道给药治疗,对照组单纯采用奥硝唑栓阴道给药治疗,比较两组患者治疗后的有效率和复发率。结果观察组和对照组治疗总有效率分别为98.6%和88.6%,复发率分别为2.9%和12.9%。观察组治疗有效率明显高于对照组,复发率明显低于对照组,两组对比差异显著P<0.05。结论奥硝唑栓联合克林霉素磷酸酯栓阴道给药治疗细菌性阴道炎疗效好,可明显减少细菌性阴道炎的复发率,值得临床推广使用。     

复方甲硝唑栓治疗细菌性阴道炎98例临床观察

目的 探讨复方甲硝唑栓治疗细菌性阴道炎的临床疗效.方法 对98例细菌性阴道炎患者应用复方甲硝唑栓治疗,睡前清洗外阴,将复方甲硝唑栓轻轻置于阴道后穹窿部,每晚1次,每次1粒,7d为1个疗程,1个疗程结束后3d复诊,统计结果.结果 复方甲硝唑栓治疗细菌性阴道炎临床总治愈率为89.80％,总有效率为94.90％.结论 该疗法治疗细菌性阴道炎疗效显著.复方甲硝唑栓具有消炎、杀菌、止痒、改善局部黏膜与皮肤营养之功效,不良反应小,值得临床推广使用.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.