小切口非超声乳化白内障手术体会

目的评价反眉状巩膜隧道式小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出术人工晶状体植入术的临床效果。方法对226例（266眼）白内障采用反眉状巩膜隧道式小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入手术。随访6～12个月。结果术后最佳矫正视力≥1．0者99眼（37．22％）,0．5～0．8者146眼（54．88％）。无严重并发症发生。结论反眉状巩膜隧道式小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术,效果良好。     

小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入的应用

目的探讨反眉式小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法对596例(614眼)白内障施行反眉式小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术，观察其效果。结果术后1周矫正视力≥0．5者占89．5％，3月后矫正视力≥0．5者达94．1％。结论反眉式小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术是一种疗效满意、操作简单、价格低廉的经济有效的手术方式。在临床上具有一定实用价值。     

反眉形小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入

目的探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出术联合人工品状体植入术在农村白内障复明手术中的应用。方法经巩膜隧道行反眉形小切口白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入的老年性白内障96例（96眼），分析其术后并发症及术后恢复视力情况。结果术后3天，视力0．5以上者31眼（32．29％），0.3以上者24眼（25．00％）。4周后视力达0．6以上者46眼（47．92％），0．3以上者35眼（37．50％）。术后并发症在1月内消失。结论老年性白内障采用小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出并人工晶状体植入术，手术组织损伤轻，术后视力恢复快，散光小，由于费用较低，易在广大农村基层医院推广。     

小切口非乳化白内障手术在基层医院开展的体会

目的 探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出术在基层医院应用的效果。方法 234例(234眼)有核白内障，作宽6—6．5mm的巩膜隧道切口中，截囊后以晶状体圈匙娩出品状体核，植入人工晶状体。结果术后3天，136眼视力≥0．5(58．1％)。结论 小切口非超声乳化白内障囊外摘出术是一种疗效好、设备简单、适宜于基层医院应用的良好方法。     

反眉隧道小切口白内障碎核术的临床应用观察

目的探讨反眉隧道小切口白内障碎核术的疗效和临床应用价值。方法在距角巩膜缘后2．5mm处制作3．2mm-5mm反眉隧道小切口,行白内障碎核摘除各种类型白内障植入人工晶状体150只眼。结果术后第1天视力≥0．5者占64．5％,≥1．0者占21．5％;术后1周视力≥0．5者占84．3％,≥1．0者占45．6％;术后1月视力≥1．0者占55．2％。结论反眉隧道小切口白内障碎核术具有损伤小、后视力恢复快、作易学等特点,值得在临床推广应用。     

小切口非乳化白内障摘出术在防盲中的应用

目的探讨小切口非乳化白内障囊外摘出术在防盲中的应川。方法在608例（639眼）防盲白内障复明手术中采用巩膜隧道小切口，旋转晶状体核至前房，利刷注水晶状体圈匙摘出晶状体核，植入后房人上晶状体。结果术后第1天视力≥0．5者362眼（56．65％），术后第3天视力≥0．5者405眼（63．38％）。脱盲601例（脱盲率98．84％），脱残572例（脱残率94．08％）。结论在大规模白内障复明手术中应用小切口非乳化白内障囊外摘出术无需昂贵的超乳仪及其特殊器械，手术操作步骤简化安全，术后效果好。     

小切口白内障囊外摘出术适于县市基层医院

目的 观察小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术在县市基层医院施行的效果。方法 对152例(185眼)施行小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术，术后观察视力及并发症情况；结果 术后视力迅速恢复，术后1周视力≥0．5者163眼占88．11％，视力≥0．8者155眼占8378％。术中、术后均无严重并发症。结论 小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术是有效且经济的白内障手术方法，不需要昂贵的器械，易于学习，便于推广，特别适用于县市基层医院。     

小切口手法白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入的分析

目的 分析小切口非超声乳化手法白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术的临床效果方法。对566例（570眼）白内障进行小切口非乳化手法白内障摘出联合人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后1天，患者裸眼视力或矫正视力≥0．5者占52．80％，术后1周矫正视力≥0．5者，占60．20％，≥1．0者占21．50％。结论 此项手术技术操作简单，易于掌握，效果可靠，适应证广，适合基层医院开展。     

小切口白内障囊外摘出术在高原牧区的应用

目的探讨小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术的方法、效果及基层开展的可行性。方法分析视觉第一行动中1172例(1200眼)老年性白内障行该术式的手术技巧、术后视力、散光及术中并发症。结果1200眼中术后3天、1月裸眼视力，≤0．5者分别为38．91％和30．75％，≥0．5者分别为61．08％和69．25％。结论小切口无缝线白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植人术与超声乳化术有相近的结果，有广泛实用性，更易在基层开展。     

小切口白内障摘出术中双钩娩核法的体会

目的探讨双钩（晶状体调位钩）娩核法在小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植人术中的手术技巧和临床效果。方法对266例（275眼）白内障采用双钩使核翘起和旋转的方法娩出晶状体核，完成小切口白内障摘出及人工晶状体植人术。结果采用双钩娩核时未发生一例后囊破裂。术后1周最佳矫正视力≥0．5者212眼（77．09％），〈0．5者63眼（22．91％）；术后1月最佳矫正视力≥0．5者222眼（80．73％），〈0．5者53眼（19．27％）。结论采用双钩娩核白内障摘出是一种简便有效的白内障复明技术。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.