腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的：探索腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除（TME）低位、超低位前切除治疗低位直肠癌的可行性。方法：按TME原则、用双钉合技术（DST）,在腹腔镜下对62例低位直肠癌患者实施TME、DST低位、超低位结肠-肛肠吻合术。结果：手术时间11-210min,平均125min;术中出血5-80ml,平均20ml;术后1-2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,住院时间5-14d,平均8d。1例患者因凝血障碍中转开腹,其他61例患者手术顺利。术后疼痛剂应用28例,除1例吻合口漏、1例尿潴留外,其余患者未见术中及术后并发症。结论：腹腔镜TME、低位、超低位吻合术治疗低位直肠癌,创伤小、保肛率高、术后疼痛轻、恢复快,是极具应用前景的微创新技术。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术保肛治疗低位直肠癌

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision,TME)行低位(超低位)直肠癌保肛治疗的方法与可行性。方法:按TME原则,用双吻合器技术在腹腔镜下对26例低位(超低位)直肠癌患者实行TME低位(超低位)结肠-直肠(肛管)吻合术。结果:手术均获成功,无中转开腹,手术时间180-240min,平均210min;术中出血30-100ml,平均70ml;术后2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动;住院7-14d,平均8d,无严重并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜TME低位(超低位)吻合术保肛治疗低位直肠癌具有创伤小、并发症少、出血少、肠功能恢复快等优点,安全可行。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除保肛术治疗低位直肠癌的体会(附73例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除保肛术治疗低位直肠癌的手术方法及临床疗效.方法:回顾分析2006年4月至2010年10月为73例低位直肠癌患者施行腹腔镜辅助根治性切除术的临床资料.结果:73例手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹.手术时间120 ～ 240 min,平均180 min;术中出血量100～300 ml,平均150...     

完全腹腔镜下直肠癌全直肠系膜切除根治术29例报告

目的探讨四孔法完全腹腔镜下完成全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)、直肠拖出低位或超低位行结肠-直肠、结肠-肛管吻合治疗直肠癌的可行性。方法2008年4月~2009年5月,按TME原则,四孔法完全腹腔镜下对29例低位直肠癌实施低位或超低位结肠-直肠、结肠-肛管吻合术,全系膜游离后拖出肛门外切除并手工吻合或吻合器吻合。结果29例均完全在腹腔镜下完成,无辅助切口,保肛率100%。手术时间150~310min,平均185min。术中出血20~120ml,平均50ml。术后2~3d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,住院时间12~35d,平均15d。术后28例应用止痛剂。1例直肠阴道瘘。29例随访3~13个月,平均8个月,未发现穿刺口种植和局部复发。结论四孔法完全腹腔镜下行TME低位或超低位结肠-直肠、结肠-肛管吻合术治疗直肠癌安全可行,具有创伤小、出血少、保肛率高、术后疼痛轻、恢复快等优点。     

全直肠系膜切除联合双器械吻合在低位直肠癌保肛术中的应用

目的探讨双器械吻合技术联合全直肠系膜切除在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用方法和临床疗效。方法在全直肠系膜切除的基础上，应用双器械吻合技术，对103例低位直肠癌行低位或超低位吻合，随访3年，回顾性分析其根治性、术后排便功能、手术并发症、局部复发率。结果中低位吻合31例，超低位吻合72例；无切端癌残留，无大便失禁，无吻合口漏；全组无手术死亡；肿瘤局部复发率5．8％（6／103）。结论在全直肠系膜切除基础上，利用双器械吻合技术行低位直肠癌保肛手术是保持排便功能，减少并发症，减少局部复发，提高生活质量的有效方法。     

低位直肠癌腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除保肛术的临床效果分析

为探讨腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除保肛手术在低位直肠癌治疗中的临床效果,选取本院50例低位直肠癌患者为研究对象,分为常规组与腹腔镜组,各25例。常规组给予传统开腹手术,腹腔镜组给予腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除低位直肠保肛术治疗。观察比较2组治疗情况及术后并发症。结果显示,腹腔镜组患者在肛门排气时间、进食时间、术后离床时间、住院时间等方面均优于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率(4.0%)低于常规组(24.0%);肛门功能优良率(48.0%)高于常规组(32.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结果表明,低位直肠癌采取腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除保肛术治疗,临床疗效满意,并发症发生率低,肛门功能优良。     

低位直肠癌腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(附42例报告)

目的:探讨应用腹腔镜微创技术与常规开放手术施行全直肠系膜切除术(total m esorectal exc ision,TME)在手术切除的彻底性、功能性神经保护、近期并发症等方面的差异。方法:低位直肠癌患者89例,分为腹腔镜组与开放组,比较两组治疗结果的差别。结果:腹腔镜的放大效应和超声刀的应用,使腹腔镜组对解剖间隙的正确选择和手术径路更得心应手,能更好的辨认和保护盆腔自主神经,患者手术创伤小,出血少,康复快,并发症少。结论:腹腔镜TME较开放手术更规范化和标准化。     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除并保肛手术60例分析

目的:探讨中低位直肠癌切除并保肛手术的技巧与效果。方法:对肿瘤下缘距肛缘5～8cm范围的直肠癌患者60例,均采取直肠系膜全切除(TME)并保肛、随访。结果:60例患者术后控便、排尿及感觉、辨别均良好,男性性功能无障碍。发生吻合口瘘3例(5％),吻合口狭窄2例(3.33％),2年内局部复发1例(1.67％),远处转移3例(5％)。结论:中低位直肠癌直肠系膜全切除并保肛手术具有良好的近期疗效。     

全直肠系膜切除并双器械吻合技术在低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用(附53例报告)

目的　探讨在全直肠系膜切除 (TME)的基础上 ,利用双器械吻合技术 (DST)行低位直肠癌保肛手术的适应证和可行性。　方法　利用双器械吻合技术行TME基础上的直肠癌根治术 5 3例。结果　效果良好 ,术后病理报告上下切缘均为阴性。无手术死亡 ,近期无吻合口漏、无吻合口狭窄等并发症。吻合口距齿状线≤ 3cm的 2 3例无大便失禁 ,4月内大便次数均 <5次 d。全部病例 8月后均<4次 d。　结论　在TME基础上利用DST不仅可以扩大Dixon手术适应证范围 ,而且提高了患者术后的生存质量。     

超声止血刀在腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除低位、超低位及结-肛吻合术中的作用

目的探索应用超声刀在腹腔镜下进行全直肠系膜切除(TME)低位、超低位及结-肛吻合术治疗下段直肠癌的可行性.方法按TME原则,应用超声刀在腹腔镜下对30例低位直肠癌患者实施TME低位、超低位或结-肛吻合术,对其中3例合并慢性萎缩性胆囊炎、胆囊结石患者,同时实施了腹腔镜胆囊切除术; 1例合并卵巢囊肿蒂扭转、胆囊结石患者,同时切除了病变胆囊和卵巢囊肿.结果 30例患者手术顺利,无中转开腹,手术时间115～320 min,平均155 min; 术中出血5～80 ml,平均20 ml; 术后1～2天恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,住院时间5～14天,平均8天.术后疼痛剂应用14例,术中及术后无并发症发生.结论应用超声刀行腹腔镜TME低位、超低位或结-肛吻合术,保肛率高,创伤小,出血少,烟雾少,术后疼痛轻,恢复快,是一极具应用前景的微创外科新技术.     

Laparoscopic versus open total mesorectal excision with anal sphincter preservation for low rectal cancer

Background The Laparoscopic approach has been applied to colorectal surgery for many years; however, there are only a few reports on laparoscopic low and ultralow anterior resection with construction of coloanal anastomosis. This study compares open versus laparoscopic low and ultralow anterior resections, assesses the feasibility and efficacy of the laparoscopic approach of total mesorectal excision (TME) with anal sphincter preservation (ASP), and analyzes the short-term results of patients with low rectal cancer.Methods We analyzed our experience via a prospective, randomized control trail. From June 2001 to September 2002, 171 patients with low rectal cancer underwent TME with ASP, 82 by the laparoscopic procedure and 89 by the open technique. The lowest margin of tumors was below peritoneal reflection and 1.5–8 cm above the dentate line (1.5–4.9 cm in 104 cases and 5–8 cm in 67 cases). The grouping was randomized.Results Results of operation, postoperative recovery, and short-term oncological follow-up were compared between 82 laparoscopic procedures and 89 controls who underwent open surgery during the same period. In the laparoscopic group, 30 patients in whom low anterior resection was performed had the anastomosis below peritoneal reflection and more than 2 cm above the dentate line, 27 patients in whom ultralow anterior resection was performed had anastomotic height within 2 cm of the dentate line, and 25 patients in whom coloanal anastomosis was performed had the anastomosis at or below the dentate line. In the open group, the numbers were 35, 27, and 27, respectively. There was no statistical difference in operation time, administration of parenteral analgesics, start of food intake, and mortality rate between the two groups. However, blood loss was less, bowel function recovered earlier, and hospitalization time was shorter in the laparoscopic group.Conclusion Totally laparoscopic TME with ASP is feasible, and it is a minimally invasive technique with the benefits of much less blood loss during operation, earlier return of bowel function, and shorter hospitalization.     

腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除保肛术611例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除（Total mesorectal excision,TME）保肛术的适应症、术式选择、操作要点及治疗效果。方法回顾单中心611例直肠癌TME前切除术,分析手术及近期随访资料。结果204例行高位吻合术,104例行低位吻合术,129例行超低位吻合术,余174例行结肠肛管吻合术。手术平均耗时117．8min,失血28．5ml。术中直肠损伤穿孔9例（1．5％）,术后吻合口瘘27例（4．4％）;患者术后平均2．8d始进流质饮食,平均住院日8．4d（5～15d）。术后排尿障碍32例（5．2％）,214例（91．8％）低位／超低位吻合病例术后控便功能良好。结论腹腔镜TME手术的适应证、治疗效果同开腹术式,腹膜后盆筋膜脏层与壁层解剖入路的准确定位及其间隙的锐性解剖技术是难点,是防止术中重要组织结构及邻近脏器损伤,减少术后并发症发生的关键。     

腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术90列报告

目的 评价腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2007年4月至2012年4月90例腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术患者的临床资料.结果 82例用腹腔镜完成手术,手术时间180 ～ 260 min,平均205 min,术中平均出血150 ml,清除淋巴结总数平均为15个.术后均无严重并发症发生,随访1～4年,无肿瘤复发,穿刺部位及造瘘口均无肿瘤种植.结论 腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术具有较高的实用价值,在严格掌握手术适应证、不断提高手术技巧的基础上,腹腔镜直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术是可行的.     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术107例临床分析

目的探讨直肠癌全直肠系膜切除法在直肠癌中的应用。方法回顾性分析107例直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除的临床资料。本组病例行Miles术式18例;Dixon术式89例,其中76例使用吻合器吻合。结果全组术中出血100-150ml,术中术后均无输血。术后发生吻合口瘘3例,占2.8%。性功能障碍1例,占0.93%。排尿功能障碍1例,占0.93%。术口感染12例,占11.21%。随访6-42个月,局部复发率4.67%（5/107）。结论直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术,对提高直肠癌术后患者生存质量和生活质量确有裨益。     

超声刀在腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术中的临床应用

目的探讨超声刀在腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术（Total mesorectal excision，TME）的临床应用价值。方法我院自2004年8月～2007年5月。应用超声刀在腹腔镜下对33例直肠癌患者实施TME术。结果33例患者手术顺利，无中转开腹，手术时间115～320min，平均155min；术中出血10～100ml，平均50ml；术后1～2d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动。住院时间5—14d，平均8d。术中及术后无并发症发生。术后随访1月至3年，无复发。结论应用超声刀行腹腔镜TME术，保肛率高，创伤小，出血少，烟雾少。术后恢复快，是一极具应用前景的微创外科新技术。     

Laparoscopic rectal resection with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer

Background Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the surgical gold standard treatment for middle and low third rectal carcinoma. Laparoscopy has gradually become accepted for the treatment of colorectal malignancy after a long period of questions regarding its safety. The purposes of this study were to examine prospectively our experience with laparoscopic TME and high rectal resections, to evaluate the surgical outcomes and oncologic adequacy, and to discuss the role of this procedure in the treatment of rectal cancer. Methods Between December 1992 and December 2004, all patients who underwent elective laparoscopic sphincter preserving rectal resection for rectal cancer were enrolled prospectively in this study. Data collection included preoperative, operative, postoperative and oncologic results with long-term follow-up. Results A total of 218 patients were operated on during the study period: 142 patients underwent laparoscopic TME and 76 patients underwent anterior resection. Of the TME patients, 122 patients were operated using the double-stapling technique, and 20 patients underwent colo-anal anastomosis with hand-sewn sutures. Mean operative time was 138 min (range, 107–205), and mean blood loss was 120 ml (range, 30–350). Conversion to open surgery occurred in 26 cases (12%). Mortality rate during the first 30 days was 1%. Anastomotic leaks were observed in 10.5% of the patients. Of these, 61.9% needed reoperation and diverting stoma, and the rest were treated conservatively. Three patients had postoperative bleeding requiring relaparoscopy. Other minor complications (infection and urinary retention) occurred in 9.1% of patients. Mean ambulation time and mean hospital stay were 1.6 days (range, 1–5) and 6.4 days (range, 3–28) , respectively. Patients were followed for a mean period of 57 months. No port site metastases were observed during follow-up. The recurrence rate was 6.8 %. Overall survival rate was 67% after 5 years and 53.5% after 10 years. Conclusion Laparoscopic anterior resection and TME with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer is feasible and safe. The short- and long-term outcomes reported in this series are comparable with those of conventional surgery.     

The oncological safety of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with sphincter preservation for rectal carcinoma

Background Although experience of laparoscopic treatment of rectal carcinoma has been reported, there is no evidence of its oncological safety because most procedures included partial mesorectal excision or abdominoperineal excision and quality of surgery is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the oncological results of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with sphincter preservation for rectal carcinoma.Methods From 2000 to 2003, 144 patients underwent laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis for mid and low rectal adenocarcinoma. There were 88 men and 56 women, with a median age of 65 years. The tumor was located at 5.5 cm (range 1–12) from the anal verge and was classified uT1T2 in 25 cases and uT3 in 119 cases. One hundred twenty patients received preoperative radiotherapy.Results Postoperative mortality and morbidity were 1% and 34% respectively. Conversion was 14% (n = 20). Macroscopic assessment of the specimen (n = 92) showed an intact mesorectum in 88% of the cases. The distal margin and the circumferential margin were safe in 98% and 94% of the cases, respectively. A complete microscopic excision, i.e., R0 resection, was achieved in 134 cases (93%). Pathological data were similar to those of an open match group. With a median follow-up of 18 months, there was no port-site recurrence and two patients had local recurrence (1.4%). The 3-year overall and disease- free survival rates were 89% and 77%, respectively.Conclusions A high quality of surgical excision can be achieved by the laparoscopic dissection, suggesting that this approach in treatment of rectal carcinoma is oncologically safe.     

Robotic total mesorectal excision for the treatment of rectal cancer

Robotic techniques have been developed to facilitate endoscopic surgery and to overcome its disadvantages. Thus, we performed robotic total mesorectal excison (TME) in a patient with rectal cancer, using the da Vinci^® Surgical System. To our knowledge, this is the first robotic low anterior resection, based on standard TME principles, with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation. In conclusion, this robotic system is an excellent instrument for performing the standard TME procedure in rectal cancer patients.