Gingival IgE and histamine concentrations in patients with asthma and in patients with periodontitis

In the present study the concentrations of IgE and histamine were determined in gingival tissue of patients with asthma (N = 15), patients with periodontitis (N = 21) and healthy controls (N = 18). Gingival IgE concentrations in the asthma group were markedly elevated confirming the results obtained in previous studies on salivary IgE concentrations. An increase of IgE was also observed in the periodontitis group. Histamine concentrations in the asthma group did not differ from the healthy controls, while in the periodontitis group a significant decrease in gingival histamine concentrations was found.     

Studies on immunologic and inflammatory factors in saliva in patients with asthma and in patients with periodontitis

Abstract To study the salivary response in asthma and periodontitis, calcium and phosphorus concentrations were determined from parotid and whole saliva. The IgE and histamine concentrations and the activities of lysozyme and arginine aminopeptidases were assayed from whole saliva. The values were compared with those obtained from matched healthy controls (n = 20 in each group). In whole saliva the phosphorus concentrations were elevated in the asthma group and the calcium concentrations in the periodontitis group. Regarding parotid saliva no significant differences between the group? were observed. The results indicate that in patients with asthma the IgE concentrations in whole saliva were elevated, while in patients with periodontitis and in healthy controls no detectable values were obtained. Both histamine and lysozyme concentrations seemed to increase in the asthma and periodontitis groups. A slight increase was also observed in the arginine aminopeptidase activities in the saliva of patients with asthma and patients with periodontitis.     

Attitudes and satisfaction with dental appearance in young adults with and without malocclusion

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of a Public Dental Service (PDS) system in Sweden with regard to the orthodontic care and to investigate the selection made for the consultation by the general practitioners (GPs) and by orthodontists of those patients with malocclusion. In the individuals leaving the PDS system, the residual need and demand for treatment due to malocclusions and satisfaction with and opinion of their teeth was assessed in orthodontically treated and untreated 19-year-olds. Altogether 121 19-year-olds were clinically investigated with respect to six defined malocclusion traits and given a questionnaire. The following results were found: Ten per cent of the 19-year-olds that had not had an orthodontic consultation showed a residual treatment need. One third of the individuals judged by the orthodontist not to need treatment and one third that had been treated by the GP showed a marked orthodontic treatment need at the age of 19 years. Twenty-two per cent of all 19-year-olds left the PDS with an orthodontic treatment need. Ninety-four per cent were satisfied with their teeth irrespective of malocclusion or not. Every second individual considered their teeth important for their self-esteem. It was concluded that 19-year-olds in general were satisfied with their dental appearance. Half of the registered residual need and demand for orthodontic treatment was not related to measurable malocclusions.     

Incidence and quantification of mycoplasma in saliva in patients with periodontal disease and subjects with healthy gingiva

The ecological niche of oral mycoplasmas are both gingival pockets in patients suffering periodontitis (PP) and gingival sulci in individuals with healthy gingiva (HG). The mycoplasmas migrate from these anatomical sites to the saliva and to entire oral cavity. The purpose of this report was to examine whether differences exist in the incidence and concentration of mycoplasma as determined in the saliva of thirty (30) PP and fifty (50) individuals with HG. Saliva samples were obtained from both groups, with capillary tubes and cotton swabs, and used for mycoplasma isolation and quantification. The methods employed were those recommended by the Centers for Diseases Control (CDC Atlanta, Georgia). The results showed an 80% mycoplasma incidence in group PP and 50% HG, with the following concentrations: 5.0 x 10(3) to 8.0 x 10(6) Colony Forming Units/ml (CFU/ml) in PP, and 3.0 x 10(3) to 4.5 x 10(4) UFC/ml in the HG (P less than 0.001). We conclude the both mycoplasma incidence and concentration were higher in PP than in HG individuals.     

高原地区牙周炎患者血清内脂素和瘦素水平的检测分析

目的 检测青海西宁地区牙周炎患者血清中内脂素(visfatin,VF)与瘦素(leptin,LP)的表达水平及其与牙周炎症指标的相关性.方法 随机选取2019年3—12月就诊的牙周炎患者50例(牙周炎组)和牙周健康者50例(健康对照组),由同一临床医师测量牙周炎症临床指标,包括探诊深度(probing depth,PD...     

Signs and symptoms associated with TMD in adults with shortened dental arches

PURPOSE: This study investigated the prevalence of signs and symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in adults with shortened dental arches in Tanzania. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The shortened dental arch group comprised 725 subjects with an intact anterior region and zero to eight occluding pairs of teeth posteriorly. They were categorized into five groups according to length and symmetry of the dental arches. A control group of 125 subjects with complete dental arches was included. The subjects were interviewed with questions related to pain and sounds within the temporomandibular joints and restricted mobility of the mandible. Clinical examination consisted of registration of clicking or crepitation of the joints, measuring maximum mouth opening, and assessing occlusal tooth wear. RESULTS: Joint sounds were reported significantly more frequently by subjects with posterior support only unilaterally (17%) and by subjects with no posterior support (10%) compared to other categories of dental arches (3% to 5%). No significant differences were found between categories of dental arches with respect to pain (2% to 9%), restricted mobility of the mandible (0% to 1%), maximum mouth opening < 40 mm (0% to 3%), or clicking or crepitation of the joints (12% to 23%). For the younger age group (> or = 20 and < 40 years), tooth wear occurred significantly more often in subjects with no posterior support. For the older age group (> or = 40 years), tooth wear increased significantly with decrease of posterior support. CONCLUSION: No evidence was found that shortened dental arches provoke signs and symptoms associated with TMD. However, when all posterior support is unilaterally or bilaterally absent, the risk for pain and joint sounds seems to increase.     

Factors associated with swallowing dysfunction in patients with head and neck cancer

Background

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate swallowing function in relation to personal and clinical factors among patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) from diagnosis up to 2 years after treatment.

Methods

The 100 ml water swallow test was measured before treatment, and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. Linear mixed-effects model analysis was conducted to investigate changes over time and the association with personal (sex and age) and clinical (tumor site, tumor stage, and treatment modality) factors.

Results

Among 128 included patients, number of swallows increased from baseline to 3 months after treatment and decreased to baseline again at 6 months after treatment. The number of swallows was associated with age and treatment modality.

Conclusions

In patients with HNC, swallowing (dys)function changes over time with the worst score 3 months after treatment. A higher age and being treated with surgery are factors associated with swallowing dysfunction over time.     

Bacterial leakage in roots filled with different medicaments and sealed with Cavit

The aim of this study was to evaluate the time required by four different root canal medications coupled with the temporary filling material Cavit (ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) to prevent penetration of bacteria into the root canal. There were 145 roots prepared in a standardized manner. Four groups with 15 samples each were dressed with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)), a 5% chlorhexidine gel (CHX), a chloromono-campherphenolic compound (ChKM), and Ledermix (LM), respectively, and sealed with Cavit. Four control groups contained identical medications but the roots were left unsealed. The 25 remaining roots served as additional controls. A standard setup for bacterial leakage studies was chosen with Staphylococcus epidermidis as test strain. Cavit application resulted in a significantly better seal compared with the unsealed groups. In the Cavit-sealed groups, all groups differed significantly from one another except for the CHX and the ChKM groups. The Ca(OH)(2) medicated roots provided the longest protection (median of 36 days), followed by the Ledermix-group (27 days) and the CHX (18 days) or ChKM groups (19 days). It may be concluded that Cavit-sealed and medicated root canals do not provide adequate protection against bacterial leakage for more than 1 month.     

唇腭裂患者与安氏I类错牙合患者上颌骨发育比较

目的：探讨唇腭裂患者与安氏I类错牙合患者上颌骨发育的差异。方法：选取单侧完全性唇腭裂（complete unilateral cleft lip and palate,UCLP）50例、单侧完全性唇裂（complete unilateral cleft lip,UCL）28例,按不同颈椎骨龄分期分为3组,将其与相同发育期的安氏I类患者头影测量数据进行比较。结果：在所有发育期,UCLP的SNA（°）ANB （°）U1－U6（mm）均较安氏I类错牙合者小。CS1－6期结果显示：UCLP的SNA（°）ANB（°）U1－U6均值分别较安氏I类错牙合者小7．07°、4．05°、5．56 mm,SN－PP（°）均值较安氏I类错牙合者大3．98°。UCLP患者ANS－PNS（mm）、U1－PP（mm）等随发育较安氏I类错牙合者逐渐减小的趋势;结论：UCLP患者较安氏I类错牙合上颌位置靠后,上颌矢状向长度不足,腭平面顺时针旋转,上前牙舌倾。UCL患者上颌骨大小及位置与安氏I类错牙合相似。     

Penetration depths with an ultrasonic mini insert compared with a conventional curette in patients with periodontitis and in periodontal maintenance

Aim: The aim of the study was to test whether a slim Ultrasonic Tip reaches a more apical position when penetrating a periodontal pocket compared with the working blade of a conventional Gracey Curette in both untreated periodontitis and periodontal maintenance patients. Material and Methods: Twenty untreated and 15 periodontal maintenance patients were selected based on the presence of at least one site a pocket of 5 mm in each quadrant. Recordings were made at the four approximal sites of four experimental teeth in each patient. First, the probing pocket depth was measured with the Jonker Probe^®. Second in randomized order, the penetration depth was assessed with an EMS PS Ultrasonic Tip and a Gracey Curette. Results: In the periodontitis group, the Ultrasonic Tip penetrated significantly deeper than the Jonker Probe and the Gracey Curette. In the maintenance group, no differences were observed. Comparing the penetration of the instruments between groups, as related to the Jonker Probe measurements, only in the periodontitis group did the Ultrasonic Tip reach a significantly more apical level. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that in untreated periodontitis patients, the Ultrasonic Tip penetrated the pocket deeper than the pressure‐controlled probe and the Gracey Curette.