不同组织学类型肺癌血清Amy和ALP同工酶的变化

肺唾液型淀粉酶同工酶 (ｓＡｍｙ)在肺癌组织中表达已得到免疫组织化学定位证实。我们通过对 41例不同组织学类型肺癌患者血清淀粉酶 (Ａｍｙ)和碱性磷酸酶 (ＡＬＰ)同工酶的实验分析 ,期望能进一步明确这些同工酶在不同组织学类型肺癌中的变化规律及其临床意义。1　材料和方法     

不同组织学类型卵巢肿瘤患者血清中AMY和LD 两种同工酶的变化

本文对３８例不同组织学类型卵巢癌血清标本进行了淀粉酶（ＡＭＹ）和乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤ）同工酶实验分析。结果是：浆液性卵巢癌和粘液性及管状腺部血清中唾液型演粉酶（Ｓ－ＡＭＹ）明显增高；ＬＤ同工酶的ＬＤ１、ＬＤ２增高与卵巢肿瘤性质及卵巢癌淋巴结转移密切相关。     

人体不同运动状态下血清乳酸含量和LDH,ACP,ALP活性的变化

目的探讨人体在不同上机体无氧代谢和血清中乳酸（ＬＤ）含量及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）活性的变化特点。方法应用跑台提供运动负荷,分别对３６名大学生进行了３种不同功能状态下相关指标的测定。结果定量负荷运动后,ＬＤ含量、ＡＣＰ活性显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＬＤＨ活性升高不明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＡＬＰ活性明显降低;力竭性运动后,ＬＤ含量和ＡＣＰ活性又显地高于定量负荷     

人体不同运动状态下血清乳酸含量和LDH、ACP、ALP活性的变化

目的探讨人体在不同运动状态下机体无氧代谢和血清中乳酸(LD)含量及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(ACP)、酸性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的变化特点.方法应用跑台提供运动负荷 ,分别对36名大学生进行了3种不同功能状态下相关指标的测定 .结果定量负荷运动后,LD含量、ACP活性显著升高(P<0.05) ,LDH活性升高不明显(P>0.05),ALP活性明显降低;力竭性运动后,LD含量和ACP活性又显著地高于定量负荷时,而LDH、ALP活性却显著低于定量负荷和安静状态时.结论人体随着运动强度的加大和时间的延长,LD含量和ACP活性持续性上升,ALP活性持续降低,而LDH活性先呈上升趋势,随后则显著性下降.     

伤寒患者血清LDH及其同工酶测定的初步观察

伤寒患者血清ＬＤＨ及其同工酶测定的初步观察祝正观周玉桂刘昌元（东台市人民医院检验科，江苏东台２２４２００）关键词伤寒乳酸脱氢酶乳酸脱氢酶同工酶ＬＤＨ及其同工酶的测定，用于心、肝、肺疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断较为深入，尚未见伤寒的报道。根据资料〔１〕结合在实...     

多因素诱导蒙古沙鼠胃癌模型的建立及其血清中碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶的变化

目的多因素诱导建立蒙古沙鼠胃癌模型,并探讨胃癌变后血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的变化。方法将40只蒙古沙鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组给予高盐饮食,N-甲基-N'-硝基-N亚硝基胍溶液自由饮用及幽门螺杆菌灌胃定植以造模。对照组给予正常饮食和高压无菌水。应用酶动力法检测血清ALP和LDH水平。结果蒙古沙鼠存活率100%,多因素共同诱导胃癌成模率45.0%,模型组血清ALP、LDH水平明显高于对照正常组(P0.05)。结论多因素共同诱导可成功建立蒙古沙鼠胃癌模型,其成模率高于单因素诱导胃癌模型。胃癌沙鼠血清ALP、LDH水平明显高于正常对照,提示ALP、LDH可作为胃癌诊断因子应用于临床。     

LDH同工酶电泳图型在几种疾病时的典型变化

乳酸脱氢酶(LDH,EC1.1.1.27),有五种同工酶存在于人体组织中,其浓度与糖代谢的方式有关,主要以需氧代谢为主的心肌LDH_1占优势,而以无氧代谢为主者诸如肝和骨胳肌则以LDHs最多     

Gender-related differences in hepatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase in humans

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which are most abundant in the liver, are the main enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism in humans. Gender-related differences in total liver ADH and ALDH activity among different animal species have been observed in many studies. We measured total ADH and ALDH activity, and the activity of class I-IV ADH in the livers of male and female patients. Total ADH and class I and II ADH activities were significantly higher in males than in females (P=0.0052, P=0.0074, P=0.020, respectively). Class III and IV ADH and total ALDH activities were not significantly different between the genders (P=0.2917, P=0.0590, P=0.2940, respectively). The results of our study clearly show that there is a difference in enzymatic activity between male and female patients for those isoenzymes that actively participate in ethanol oxidation in the liver (class I and II ADH), although the main form of ADH in this organ is class III ADH.     

Prognostic value of serum lactic dehydrogenase (S-LDH) in multiple myeloma

Serum lactic dehydrogenase (S-LDH) was analysed at diagnosis in ninety-three patients with multiple myeloma. The patients were then followed up after a mean observation period of 39 months (SD 29). Serum lactic dehydrogenase was elevated in twenty-seven out of ninety-three patients and found to correlate with the serum concentrations of beta 2-microglobuline, creatinine, and thymidine kinase. In discriminant analysis of pretreatment S-LDH levels in relation to survival, the best discrimination level was 7.0 mukat 1(-1). Patients with values below 7 microkat 1(-1) ahd a median survival time of 45 months compared to 14 months for those with levels above 7 mukat 1(-1) (P less than 0.001). Serum lactic dehydrogenase at diagnosis, thus, has prognostic information in multiple myeloma.     

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity in the sera of patients with liver cancer

The principal enzymes catalyzing the conversion of ethanol to acetate are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The activities of these enzymes are elevated in the serum during the course of alcoholism or cirrhosis. In previous investigations we have found elevated levels of ADH, ALDH, and class I ADH activity in liver cancer cells. It can suggest that these changes may be reflected by enzyme activity in the serum. In this work, the activity of ADH isoenzymes, and ALDH in the sera of patients with liver cancer was measured. Serum samples were taken from 64 patients (28 drinkers, 36 nondrinkers), with liver cancer. 25 patients had primary and 39 metastatic liver tumors. Total ADH activity was measured by photometric method with p-nitrosodimethylaniline (NDMA) as a substrate and ALDH activity by the fluorimetric method with 6-methoxy-2-naphtaldehyde as a substrate. For the measurement of the activity of class I and II isoenzymes we employed the fluorimetric methods, with class-specific fluorogenic substrates. The activity of class III ADH was measured by the photometric method with formaldehyde and class IV with m-nitrobenzaldehyde as a substrate. A statistically significant increase of class I ADH isoenzymes was found in the sera of cancer patients. The median activity of this class isoenzyme in the total cancer group increased about 51% (2.94 mU/L) in the comparison to the control level (1.43 mU/L). The activity of the class I ADH isoenzyme was significantly higher in the sera of patients with metastatic tumors than with primary cancers. The activity of this class in the sera of drinkers and group of moderate drinkers was significantly higher in comparison to the control group and higher in the sera of heavy drinkers when compared with moderate drinking patients. The total ADH activity was significantly higher (44%) among patients with cancer than healthy ones. The activity of class I ADH isoenzymes was elevated only in the serum of patients with metastatic liver cancer. This increase of activity seems to be caused by the enzyme released from liver cancer cells and primary tumors originating in other organs.     

Activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the sera of patients with breast cancer

Numerous experiments have shown that alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) play a significant role in the metabolism of many biological substances. Some metabolic disorders that can lead to breast carcinogenesis may be the cause of changes in ADH and ALDH activity. In previous experiments we found a changed level of class I ADH activity in breast cancer tissues. The changed level of this enzyme in cancer cells may be reflected by the enzyme's activity in the serum. Therefore, in this study we measured the activity of ADH isoenzymes and ALDH in the sera of patients with breast cancer. Serum samples were taken for routine biochemical investigation from 45 women with breast cancer before treatment. Among all tested classes of ADH isoenzymes, only class I had higher activity in the serum of patients with breast cancer in stage IV. The total ADH and ALDH activities were not significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls. The changes in activity, especially in class I ADH, appear to be caused by isoenzymes being released from the organ damaged by metastatic disease.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子诱导血液病人粒细胞中碱性磷酸酶同工酶基因表达的研究

目的：探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子（G－CSF）和视黄醇对正常组，真性红细胞增多症（PV），慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）中碱性磷酸酶同工酶（ALP）基因表达的诱导作用，并寻找何种同工酶的基因表达占主导地位。方法：应用半定量逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR），并以β-actin作内对照，检测了20例正常对照者，11例PV初治患者和23例CML初治患者ALP基因的表达，以及G－CSF和视黄醇对其表达的诱导。结果：诱导前，骨型ALP（BALP）基因表达在正常对照组和PV组占主导地位，PV组的ALP基因表达显著高于对照组，未检测到CML组ALP基因表达；G－CSF诱导后，CML组出现ALP基因表达，仍以BALP为主，显著高于正常对照组，用G－CSF和视黄醇共同诱导后，CML组BALP表达明显增强，显著高于单独用G－CSF诱导；正常对照组和PV组在诱导前均无变化。结论：人类粒细胞主要以BALP基因表达为主；G－CSF和视黄醇对CML粒细胞中的ALP基因表达具有诱导作用。     

碱性磷酸酶同工酶对原发性胆汁性肝硬化的诊断价值初探

目的　初步探讨血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)同工酶对原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)的辅助诊断价值。方法 　用Sebia琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离30名正常人、23例PBC患者和25例其他肝胆疾病患者的血清ALP同工酶,经 光密度扫描仪扫描后,分析各型同工酶的相对含量。结果　血清ALP同工酶经电泳后可分为肝型、胆汁型、肠 型和骨型4个区带。PBC患者的肝型ALP的相对含量最高,约为56%～70%,显著高于正常对照及乙肝后肝硬 化患者(P<0.05),而其胆汁型ALP的相对含量显著低于肝外阻塞性黄疸患者(P<0.05)。结论　ALP同工酶 分析可辅助诊断PBC。     

The activity of class I,II, III,and IV alcohol dehyrogenase isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase in endometrial cancer

Objective: The metabolism of cancerous cells is in many ways different than in healthy cells. In endometrial cancer, cells exhibit activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), which participate in the metabolism of many biological substances. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolism of endometrial cancer cells and normal endometrial cells by measurement of ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activities in these tissues. Methods: The study material consists of cancerous endometrial tissues obtained from 34 patients. Total ADH activity was measured using the photometric method and ALDH activity using the fluorometric method. For the measurement of class I and II ADH isoenzyme activity, we employed the fluorometric method, with class‐specific fluorogenic substrates. The activity of class III and IV ADH was measured using the photometric method. Results: The activity of the class I ADH isoenzyme was significantly higher in the endometrial cancer tissues when compared with normal endometrial tissues. The other classes of ADH tested did not show significant differences between activity of cancerous cells and healthy endometrium. The activity of total ADH was also significantly higher in endometrial cancer. Conclusion: The increased activity of total ADH in endometrial cancer, especially the class I isoenzyme and normal activity of ALDH, may be the cause of disorders in metabolic pathways that use these isoenzymes and could increase the concentration of acetaldehyde, which is cancerogenic substance. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 24:334–339, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Mechanism of differential inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the BMC LD-1 assay

The mechanism of inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) isoenzymes by guanidinium thiocyanate (GSCN) used in the LD-1 assay developed by Boehringer Mannheim Corporation (BMC) was investigated. Michaelis-Menten inhibition kinetics for the individual isoenzymes revealed that GSCN competitively inhibited LD-1 in the presence of lactate and NAD+, but is a noncompetitive inhibitor of LD-5. LD-2 and LD-3 exhibited mixed inhibition kinetics. The inhibition constants were two- to threefold smaller for LD-5 than for LD-1. Time-dependent studies also showed that the isoenzymes underwent a different rate of inactivation by GSCN. LD-5, LD-3, and LD-2 were rapidly inactivated within 1 min under the BMC assay conditions, whereas LD-1 lost only about 20% of activity after 10 min. The presence of lactate further protects LD-1, but not other isoenzymes. Under this condition, LD-1 was not inactivated during the initial 6 min of reaction. Separate experiments demonstrated that both guanidinium and thiocyanate ions are responsible for the inactivation process that was found to be irreversible. We speculate that GSCN selectively denatures the M subunit of LD. The H subunit is less susceptible to denaturation and is further stabilized by lactate.     

Pyruvate dehydrogenase subcomplex with lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency in a patient with lactic acidosis and branched chain ketoaciduria

The overall and three component activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were measured in the liver and muscle from a patient who died at 1.9 years with increased concentrations of serum lactate, α-ketoglutarate and branched chain amino acids. The component activities of both lipoate acetyltransferase and pyruvate dehydrogenase were similar to those of normal controls, but the overall pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was 11 to 30% of controls and lipoamide dehydrogenase activity was not detected. The overall activity was significantly increased by the addition of lipoamide dehydrogenase purified from human liver.Immunochemical studies carried out with antibody prepared against lipoamide dehydrogenase from rat liver, could detect no immunoreactive material in liver and muscle homogenates from the patient, suggesting that the deficiency of lipoamide dehydrogenase activity was due to the lack of enzyme protein.     

胆总管囊肿患儿血清肝型碱性磷酸酶同工酶的分析

目的分析胆总管囊肿患儿血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）同工酶[肝型ALP（L-ALP）,特别是L2-ALP]的临床价值。方法用Sebia琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离25名胆总管囊肿患儿和48名对照儿童的血清ALP同工酶,经光密度扫描仪扫描后,分析各型同工酶的相对含量。结果血清ALP同工酶经电泳后可分为肝型（L1和L2）、胎盘型（P1和P2）、肠型（I1、I2、I3）和骨型（B）4个部分。通过这种方法,L-ALP和B-ALP得到了很好的分离。儿童血清中L2-ALP的水平与胆总管囊肿的发生具有明显的相关性（P〈0．01）;胆总管囊肿患儿术后L2-ALP水平显著降低。结论胆总管囊肿患儿血清L-ALP同工酶的测定具有一定的临床价值。