高龄患者结直肠术后快速康复外科护理与传统护理的临床对照观察

目的：研究快速康复外科护理措施在高龄患者结直肠手术中的应用。方法：选取2010-01~2012-03年龄大于65岁、患有结直肠疾病、并行部分结肠或直肠切除的患者,采用信封抽签法随机分为2组,分别采用FTS护理措施及传统护理方法。比较2组术后首次排气、排便时间,并发症发生率,住院时间和住院总费用。结果：FTS组与对照组的首次排气和排便时间、并发症发生率、住院时间、住院总费用比较差别均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：FTS护理可以有效促进高龄患者结直肠术后胃肠道功能恢复,减少总并发症发生率,节省住院总费用。     

快速康复外科在胆总管切开取石术中应用的对比研究

目的探讨快速康复外科（FTS）理念在胆总管切开取石术患者中的临床应用价值和安全性。方法对80例择期行胆总管切开取石患者,分别采用FTS理念指导下的围手术期处理方法（n=40）和传统的围手术期处理方法（n=40）,比较两组术后下床活动时间、排气及排便时间、进食时间、住院天数、住院费用及并发症发生情况。结果 FTS组术后进食时间、排便及排气时间、下床活动时间、住院天数明显缩短,住院费用明显减少（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,两组术后并发症无显著差异。结论 FTS理念在胆总管切开取石术中的应用安全、经济、有效,不仅使患者术后恢复加快,同时还可缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

快速康复外科理念在急诊外伤性脾破裂围手术期中的应用

目的：探讨快速康复外科（ FTS）理念在急诊外伤性脾破裂围手术期中应用的可行性及效果。方法将2010年1月～2012年12月收治的86例接受急诊手术的脾破裂患者随机分为FTS组（ n＝44）和对照组（传统方法处理,n＝42）。分析比较两组患者胃肠功能恢复时间、住院天数、住院费用以及术后并发症发生率情况。结果 FTS组与对照组相比较,胃肠功能恢复早（ t＝6.527 P＜0.05）,住院天数少（ t＝2.847 P＜0.05）,住院费用低（ t＝3.208 P＜0.05）,术后并发症发生率低（χ2＝4.835 P＜0.05）,差异有统计学意义。结论快速康复外科理念在急诊外伤性脾破裂围手术期中的应用是安全、有效,可加速患者的康复进程。     

快速康复临床护理路径在输尿管结石钬激光碎石手术围手术期的构建和应用

目的：以快速康复理念为基础制定适用于输尿管镜手术的临床护理路径措施,并通过实施个性化护理方案来保障患者术后的康复质量,促进患者身心健康双重快速康复,使患者住院时间缩短,降低住院成本,提高护理质量及患者的住院满意度;方法：收集2020年1～7月在我院行输尿管结石钬激光碎石术患者作为对照组,收集2021年1～7月在我院行输尿管结石钬激光碎石术的患者作为快速康复组,对照组患者围手术期采用传统常规护理方法,快速康复组患者给予快速康复临床护理路径护理干预。比较两组术后康复指标、健康教育知晓率、患者满意度、住院天数、住院费用。结果：快速康复组患者下床活动时间、首次进食时间,拔除尿管的时间早于对照组（P<0.05）;快速康复组住院费用少于对照组,住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）;快速康复组健康教育知晓率、护理满意度高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：对输尿管结石围手术期患者采用快速康复临床护理路径实施护理,能促进科室单病种护理质量管理,能有效缩短患者的住院天数,减少围术期并发症发生率,促进患者术后恢复,提高患者满意度,快速康复临床护理路径方法优于传统护理方法。     

加速康复外科理念在军事训练伤致前交叉韧带断裂围术期临床应用

目的探讨在军事训练伤致前交叉韧带断裂围术期应用加速康复(ERAS)外科理念的临床效果。方法选取58例军事训练伤致前交叉韧带断裂需行韧带重建患者,按围术期处理方法的不同分为加速康复组和传统康复组,每组29例。比较两组患者术后不同时间疼痛的程度、并发症、活动量、膝关节Lysholm评分、膝关节活动度恢复时间及住院时间的差异。结果加速康复组术后1、24、48 h和3~7 d的疼痛视觉模拟评分分别为(1.65±0.94)分、(2.41±1.45)分、(2.09±0.80)分、(1.35±0.73)分,明显低于传统康复组的(6.83±1.02)分、(6.87±1.95)分、(6.39±0.70)分、(5.69±0.63)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与传统康复组相比,加速康复组术后并发症发生率降低、活动量增加、膝关节Lysholm评分增高、膝关节活动度恢复时间及住院时间明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ERAS理念在军事训练伤致前交叉韧带断裂围术期中的应用是安全可行的,可以有效地减少并发症的发生、提高患者的术后生存质量、促进膝关节功能恢复、缩短住院时间。     

结直肠癌同时肝转移运用快速康复理念同期切除的效果

目的 结直肠癌同时肝转移患者行同期切除围术期采用快速康复理念的临床效果.方法将 2010-01至2016-12北京大学肿瘤医院共76例同期行原发灶切除与肝切除患者随机分为快速康复外科(Enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)组和传统康复组,每组38例,分别实施快速康复理念及常规康复理念.观察两组间首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、住院时间、并发症发生率及再次入院率之间的差异.结果 术后首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间及住院时间,ERAS组分别为(3.12±1.03)d、(5.63±1.37)d、(9.20±1.36)d,传统康复组分别为(4.67±1.57)d、(7.87±1.62)d、(11.36±1.74)d,ERAS组各项天数短于传统康复组,差异有统计学意义(均P ＜0.05);而并发症总发病率、再次入院率,ERAS组分别为4(10.5％)、3(7.9％),传统康复组分别为3(7.9％)、2(5.3％),两组比较无明显增加(P＞0.05).结论 快速康复理念应用于结直肠癌同时性肝转移同期切除围手术期康复具有良好的临床效果,值得推广应用.     

快速康复外科理念在腹部创伤围术期的应用

目的 探讨快速康复外科理念指导下的围术期处理措施应用于腹部创伤的安全性及有效性.方法 选择解放军59医院腹部外科中心2011年1月-2014年12月收治的258例以单脏器或组织损伤为主的腹部创伤患者,随机分为快速康复外科组(FTS组,n=141)和对照组(n=117),FTS组采用快速康复外科理念指导下的围术期处理方法,对照组采用传统的围术期处理方法,比较两组苏醒时间,拔管时间,术前及术后第1天、第5天C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,术后乳酸清除率、排气排便时间、住院天数及住院费用、不良反应及并发症发生情况.结果 258例均治愈,与对照组相比,FTS组术后苏醒时间和拔管时间缩短,术后第1天及第5天CRP水平降低,术后乳酸清除率增高,排气排便时间、住院天数明显缩短,住院费用明显减少(p＜0.05,P＜0.01).两组不良反应及并发症发生率无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 快速康复外科理念在腹部创伤围术期处理中的应用安全、有效,可加速康复进程.     

单孔法与三孔法胸腔镜肺大疱切除术疗效比较

目的：比较单孔法与三孔法电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺大疱的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院行肺大疱106例电视胸腔镜手术治疗情况,其中行单孔法切除术51例称单孔法组,行三孔法切除术55例称三孔法组,对两组的手术时间、切口总长度、术中出血量、术后胸管引流总量、胸管留置时间、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后疼痛程度等指标进行对比。结果所有患者均手术成功,两组手术时间、术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义;单孔法组较三孔法组手术切口总长度小[（4．1±0．4）cm vs（4．9±0．5） cm],术后胸管引流总量减少[（186±79）ml vs（219±80）ml],胸管留置时间缩短[（2．3±1．6） d vs（2．9±1．6）d],术后疼痛程度比对照组轻,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论与传统的三孔法相比,单孔法有利于减轻疼痛、提高患者生活质量。     

快速康复外科护理干预在结直肠癌围术期应用的研究进展

快速康复外科（FTS）理念在上世纪90年代提出,很快在外科领域被广泛应用。FTS能够在不增加患者术后并发症的基础上减少患者住院痛苦、住院时间及住院费用,加快床位周围率,节约医疗资源。经研究证明,其运用在结直肠癌围术期是安全有效的,但由于受传统观点束缚,FTS在我国的应用还不够普及,未形成统一的标准临床路径。     

商环包皮环切术与传统包皮环切术的临床疗效比较

目的对比分析商环包皮环切术与传统包皮环切术治疗包皮过长及包茎的临床疗效。方法对166例包皮过长及包茎患者随机分组,分别行传统包皮环切术86例（传统组）和商环包皮环切术80例（商环组）,对比分析两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度及术后并发症等情况。结果商环组手术时间（4．78±1．11）min,术中出血量（1．06±0．23）ml,术后疼痛VAS评分（1．09±0．72）分,均显著低于传统组（P〈0．05）;且商环组在术后出血、感染、包皮畸形发生率等方面也低于传统组（P〈0．05）,但术后阴茎水肿发生率高于传统组（P〈0．05）。结论商环包皮环切术操作简单、微创、安全,患者痛苦小,较传统包皮环切术临床疗效好。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.