探讨芍药汤联合痛泻要方对溃疡性结肠炎患者炎症细胞因子及免疫功能的研究

目的:探讨芍药汤联合痛泻要方对溃疡性结肠炎患者炎性因子和免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2015年2月至2017年2月间我院收治的溃疡性结肠炎患者90例作为观察对象,随机均分为观察组和对照组各45例,对照组给予痛泻要方治疗,观察组给予芍药汤联合痛泻要方治疗,两组患者均连续治疗4周。观察两组患者治疗后的炎性因子、T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化情况及临床疗效。结果:治疗后观察组和对照组的治疗有效率分别为95. 56%和73. 33%,观察组高于对照组且差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);治疗后两组患者的TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8显著下降,观察组下降幅度更大,与治疗前及组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);治疗后两组患者的CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK水平明显升高,而CD8~+水平下降,观察组与治疗前及组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0. 05);观察组治疗后总不良反应发生率为15. 56%,明显低于对照组的35. 56%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。两组随访6个月,复发率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1. 800,P=0. 180)。结论:芍药汤联合痛泻要方治疗溃疡性结肠炎患者临床疗效确切,可明显减轻机体炎性反应、提高机体免疫功能下降,降低不良反应发生率。值得临床推广使用。     

DC-CIK免疫治疗联合化疗对多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血T细胞亚群及Treg细胞的影响

为研究树突状细胞和细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(CIK)为效应细胞的过继免疫联合化疗治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的临床疗效及对患者外周血T细胞亚群、CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞的影响,探讨以上治疗对MM患者的细胞免疫调节功能。将36例MM患者随机分为两组:化疗组18例,给予合适的化疗方案;联合组18例,除接受适合的化疗外,还给予DC/CIK免疫治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效及外周血T细胞亚群、CD4+CD25+调节性T(Treg)细胞比例。结果显示,3周期治疗后,联合组患者的生活质量和临床疗效均比化疗组患者显著提高(P<0.05)。联合组CD3+CD8+比例、CD4+CD25+/CD4+、CD4+CD25+FoxP3+/CD4+CD25+比值均明显低于化疗组(P<0.05);CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值明显高于化疗组(P<0.05),提示联合治疗组对MM具有更有效的免疫调节功能。研究结果表明DC/CIK免疫治疗联合化疗治疗MM有良好的临床疗效和应用价值,可能是通过免疫调节使MM患者Th2向Th1逆转,从而增强机体抗肿瘤效应的。     

复方苦参注射液联合XELOX方案对晚期结肠癌患者疗效及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨复方苦参注射液联合卡培他滨和奥沙利铂方案(XELOX方案)对晚期结肠癌患者疗效及免疫功能的影响。方法将我院收治的78例晚期结肠癌患者随机分为实验组和对照组,各39例,对照组给予XELOX方案治疗,实验组加用复方苦参注射液,比较两组客观疗效、胃肠道不良反应及治疗前后免疫功能、卡氏(KPS)评分、癌胚抗原(CEA)的变化。结果实验组总有效率为84.62%,显著高于对照组的64.10%(P<0.05);两组治疗后KPS评分均明显升高(P<0.05),实验组升高幅度大于对照组(P <0. 05);两组治疗后CEA值均无明显变化,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,实验组CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞活性均明显升高(P <0.05),对照组CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞活性均明显降低(P <0. 05),组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P <0. 05);实验组胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组肝功能异常发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论复方苦参注射液联合XELOX方案对晚期结肠癌患者疗效较好,可提高免疫功能,减少胃肠道不良反应。     

CD137L分子在多发性骨髓瘤中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨人CD137配体(CD137L)分子在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)中的表达及临床意义.方法 收集2011年1月至2017年2月医院收治的80例MM患者的骨髓细胞,测定CD137L分子表达情况,分析CD137L分子表达与MM患者临床病理参数及细胞增殖及细胞周期变化的关系.结果 骨髓瘤细胞系、MM骨髓细胞均见CD137L分子表达,且骨髓瘤细胞系CD137L分子表达水平高于MM骨髓细胞(P ＜0.05);CD38+ CD138+、CD38+ CD138-细胞亚群CD137L表达水平均高于CD38++CD138+(P＜0.05);不同临床病理参数MM患者CD137L分子表达水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);1d、2d、3d后各组U-266细胞计数基线均明显上升(P ＜0.05);1F1组、IgG1组细胞分裂前期G1期细胞分别占51.5％、55.5％,处于细胞分裂S期细胞分别占42.5％、35.5％.结论 MM原代细胞CD137L表达水平较高,且可促进细胞增殖,导致细胞周期发生改变.     

不同化疗方案治疗T细胞淋巴瘤的疗效比较

目的 探讨不同化疗方案治疗外周T淋巴细胞瘤(peripheral t-cell lymphoma,PTCL)的疗效.方法 将2010年8月至2015年1月医院收治的初诊PTCL患者40例,根据用药方案分为2组,CHOP(环磷酰胺+表柔比星+长春新碱+泼尼松)/CHOP样方案作为CC组24例,Hyper CVAD(大剂量环磷酰胺、表柔比星、长春新碱、地塞米松)/MA(大剂量甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷)方案作为HM组16例,记录近期疗效、生存情况、化疗毒副反应,比较化疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群、CD4+和CD8+T细胞中CD45RA+、CD45RO+T细胞分布情况.结果 HM组缓解率为87.5%高于CC组的54.17%(P<0.05),两组Ⅰ~Ⅱ期化疗缓解率高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期.两组化疗后CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、CD4+CD45RO+均较治疗前升高,且HM组升高幅度较CC组明显(P<0.05);化疗后CD8+、CD4+CD45RA+、CD8+CD45RA+、CD8+CD45RO+较治疗前下降(P<0.05),其中HM组CD8+、CD4+CD45RA+、CD4+CD45RO+下降幅度较CC组明显.HM组中位无进展生存期为25个月长于CC组的12个月(P<0.05),1年无进展生存期几率为81.25%高于CC组的45.83%(P<0.05);两组2年、3年无进展生存期及1年、2年、3年总生存期比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).HM组中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少发生率分别为68.75%、62.5%高于CC组的20.83%、16.67%(P<0.05).结论 Hyper CVAD/MA治疗初诊PTCL近期疗效好,可延长中位PFS,调节机体免疫功能,但中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少发生率较高,应给予高度重视.     

癌灶CD4~+CD25~+和CD8~+ T细胞亚群与卵巢浆液性癌患者生存期相关

检测卵巢浆液性癌患者癌组织中CD4+CD25+及CD8+T细胞的数目,探讨其两种T细胞介导的免疫功能对疾病发展及预后的影响。免疫组织化学双标及单标的染色方法检测41例卵巢浆液性癌患者手术切除癌组织标本中CD4+CD25+和CD8+T细胞的数目。结果显示,癌灶中CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞为(19.95±11.50)个/10HPF,CD8+T淋巴细胞为(43.46±16.69)个/10HPF。生存分析发现高CD4+CD25+T细胞组患者总生存期较低CD4+CD25+T细胞组缩短,差异有显著性(P<0.05);而高CD8+T细胞组患者总生存期与低CD8+T细胞组相比延长,且差异有显著性(P<0.05),此外两种T细胞数目与患者年龄、病理分级、临床分期、腹水细胞学及淋巴结转移等临床病理因素均无关(P>0.05)。结果表明,卵巢浆液性癌中高CD4+CD25+T细胞提示患者预后不良,可能与CD4+CD25+T细胞介导的免疫抑制导致肿瘤免疫逃逸有关;癌组织中高CD8+T细胞提示患者预后较好,两种T细胞对卵巢浆液性癌预后的评估有重要的价值,同时可以通过阻断CD4+CD25+T细胞的免疫抑制作用改善卵巢浆液性癌患者的预后,为卵巢癌治疗提供靶目标。     

清化止咳汤在慢性支气管炎急性发作患者辅助治疗中的应用效果及安全性分析

目的:分析清化止咳汤在慢性支气管炎(Chronic bronchitis,CB)急性发作患者辅助治疗中的应用效果.方法:收集我院2019年12月至2021年3月期间接收的CB急性发作患者112例作为研究对象,其中56例患者接受西医治疗作为对照组,另56例患者在对照组辅以清化止咳汤治疗作为研究组,对比两组临床疗效、不良反应状况以及治疗前后症状积分、免疫功能[CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+]变化.结果:研究组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组的症状积分少于治疗前,且研究组少于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+高于,CD8+低于治疗前,且研究组变化较对照组更明显(P<0.05);研究组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05).结论:清化止咳汤辅助治疗CB急性发作时,能提高疗效,改善临床症状,提高免疫功能,降低不良反应发生率.     

自体ΥδT细胞联合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的 比较自体γδT细胞联合化疗与单纯化疗后非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效.方法 48例非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为对照组(单纯化疗组24例)和研究组(自体γδT细胞联合化疗组24例),对两组患者的客观缓解率、生活质量、免疫功能、3年生存情况及不良反应情况进行比较.结果 研究组客观缓解率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);研究组卡氏评分明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);两组患者治疗后CD3+、CD8+、CD56+均显著高于治疗前(P＜0.05);研究组3年生存率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);研究组患者治疗后骨髓抑制及恶心发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 自体 ΥδT细胞联合化疗能改善NSCLC患者生活质量,提高机体免疫功能,降低化疗的副作用.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者淋巴细胞亚群变化对免疫功能的影响研究

目的分析多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者外周血T 淋巴细胞尧B 淋巴细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞的变化遥方法收集69 例 MM 患者及52 例健康体检人员的抗凝血,用流式细胞仪检测外周血淋巴细胞总数（Lym）尧CD3+ T 淋巴细胞尧CD19+ B 淋巴细 胞及CD16+56+NK细胞数量遥结果与对照组比较,MM 组Lym尧CD3+尧CD4+尧CD8+尧CD4+/CD8+尧CD19+等6个项目差异均有 统计学意义（约0.05）,CD16+56+差异无统计学意义（跃0.05）遥结论MM患者在疾病进程中与T淋巴细胞亚群及B淋巴细胞尧 Lym 密切相关,对评价MM 患者的免疫状况尧疾病进展和疗效等方面具有重要作用遥     

奥洛他定联合匹多莫德治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效及对外周血淋巴细胞亚群影响

目的 观察奥洛他定联合匹多莫德口服对慢性荨麻疹患者临床疗效及外周血淋巴细胞亚群影响。方法 选择我院皮肤科门诊2018年1月~7月收治的56例慢性荨麻疹患者,按随机数表法均为A组和B组,各28例。A组单用奥洛他定治疗,B组采取奥洛他定联合匹多莫德治疗,另设健康对照组20例,治疗4周后比较A、B两组患者临床疗效,三组外周血T、B、NK淋巴细胞比例变化及不良反应发生率。结果 A组治疗总效率为57.14%,低于B组的92.85%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组治疗前后比较:CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD19+、CD16+56+水平变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;CD3+CD8+增高、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;B组治疗前后比较:CD3+、CD19+水平变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,CD3+CD8+增高,CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+、CD16+56+降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组患者CD19+水平变化无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,A组患者CD3+、CD3+CD8+水平低于B组,CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+、CD16+56+水平高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗过程中A组1例患者出现嗜睡、B组出现2例,均可耐受。结论 奥洛他定联合匹多莫德能有效治疗慢性荨麻疹,改善患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平,提高患者自身免疫力,安全有效。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.