570例高血压患者血液流变性临床分析

目的 探讨高血压与血液流变学的关系。方法使用LBY-N6K型自清洗血流变仪对570例高血压患者进行血液流变性检测。结果全部患者全血比黏度、血浆比粘度、血沉均明显高于正常组。结论高血压患者血液流变性检测指标呈高黏滞血症表现。适当采取措施改善血液流变性状态将有利于全面降低其合并症发生的危险性。     

对湛江市冠心病患者血液流变学分析

目的：探讨湛江市男女冠心病患者血液流变学特点。方法：对８７例男女冠心病患者与３８０例男女正常对照者进行了常规血液流变学检测。结果：冠心病患者红细胞聚集性、血液凝固性,血液浓稠度、血浆粘度比正常组较高。结论：湛江市男女冠心病患者血液流变学异常特征基本一致,但引起结果的起因不完全相同。     

活动性肺结核患者的血液流变性改变

目的观察活动性肺结核患者血液流变学的变化。方法应用Liang-100微机显示自动记录血液血浆粘度计、细胞电泳计时器、变温控温仪 ,测定25℃时的全血比粘度、血浆粘度、全血还原粘度、血沉、红细胞比容、红细胞电泳时间。同时用物理法测定血浆纤维蛋白原含量。结果和32例健康者相应的血液流变学参数比较 ,36例肺结核患者的全血比粘度(低切速)、血浆比粘度、全血还原粘度(低切速)均明显增高(P<0.01) ,血沉加快(P<0.01),红细胞电泳时间减慢(P<0.05) ;同时活动性肺结核进展期患者的血浆粘度显著高于好转期患者(P<0.01)。结论活动性肺结核患者存在高粘滞综合征 ,且在进展期改变更明显     

自血光量子治疗脑梗塞的血液流变学观察

检测37例脑梗塞患者经自血光量子治疗前后血液流变学指标变化,发现治疗后全血比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原、全血还原粘度、红细胞电泳时间,血小板粘附率7项指标均有明显下降,与治疗前相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。治疗后临床症状及体征明显改善。提示自血光量子治疗可有效地降低血粘度,改善血液的凝固性和聚集性,是目前治疗脑梗塞的一种有用的方法。     

精神分裂症患者治疗前后血液流变学变化

目的 了解精神分裂症患者血液流变学性质。方法 测定患者治疗前后的血液流变学指标。结果 患者治疗后全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、血液还原粘度、纤维蛋白原．较治疗前显著降低。结论 精神分裂症患者治疗前存在高粘血症,推测可能与病因有关。     

对淇江市冠心病患者血液流变学分析

目的：探讨湛江市男女冠心中层得血液流变学特点。方法：对８７例男女冠心病患者与３８０例男女正常对照者进行了常规血液流变学检测。结果：冠心病患者红细胞聚集性、血液凝固性，血液浓稠度、血浆粘度比正常组较高。结论：湛江市男专病患者血液流变学异常特征基本一致，但引起结果的起因不完全相同。     

骨性关节炎患者血液流变学的变化及丹参疗效观察

探讨骨性关节炎患者血液流变学的变化及丹参注射液治疗效果。方法对１５例ＯＡ患者的血液流变学指标进行较全面的检测,并与正常人进行对照分析,同时观察丹参注射液治疗ＯＡ患者的对血液流变学的影响。结果ＯＡ组较对照组的全血粘度,血浆粘度,红细胞压积,血小板粘附率,红细胞聚集指数,纤维蛋白原均明显增加;应用丹参注射液治疗ＯＡ患者,治疗后血液流变学指标明显得到改善,有显著性差异（Ｐ值分别〈０．０１,０．０５）,以     

白细胞增高患者血液流变学检测及其动态观察

本文对48例白细胞增高患者行血液流变学测试,与正常对照组比较,结果显示:病例组全血粘度明显高于对照组。病人康复后再行检测,其结果:两组全血粘度无显著差异。由此提示:患者血液粘度高低与白细胞增减正相关。     

59例冠心病血液流变学检测结果分析

本文对59例冠心病患者和31例中老年健康者进行了血液流变学六项指标检测.所选病例平均年龄较大.结果表明冠心病组全血比粘度特别是低切变率全血比粘度和全血还原粘度明显高于对照组,差异性非常显著(P<0.01),血浆比粘度和红细胞压积亦高于对用组,差异性显著(P<0.05);血沉和K值二组之间差异性不显著(P>0.05),但其平均值均高于正常参考值,且女性较男性明显.说明冠心病患者血液粘滞性和血液凝固性均明显增强,红细胞聚集性随增龄渐趋增强.女性在中老年期血液凝固性高于男性.     

高血压病患者眼底血管造影定量分析与血液流变学的关系

对高血压病不同时期患者共80例进行了眼底视网膜荧光血管造影定量分析和血液流变学检查。结果显示：随着高血压分期级别的增加，眼底血管造影定量指标：动脉显影时间、静脉充盈时间、毛细血管交换时间增加．毛细血管密度减少，血液流变学指标：全血比粘度、血球压积、红细胞电泳时间、红细胞聚集指数、全血还原比粘度也增加，并且血管造影定量值与血液流变学指标有显著相关性（r＝0．312～0．626P＜0．05和0．01）。提示高血压靶器官损害下不但表现在微血管血液动力学方面，而且血液流变学也有改变，它们共同造成靶器官损害。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.