多层螺旋CT血管造影在糖尿病下肢动脉病变中的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)在诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变中的诊断价值.方法 对46例糖尿病下肢血管病变患者的92条下肢进行MSCTA检查,所有血管分为552个节段,重点对股浅动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉、腓动脉、足背动脉进行分析,46例中9例与血管造影对照,14例与手术对照,25例与超声检查对照研究.结果 MSCTA与血管造影符合率91.26%,与手术符合率92.13%,与超声符合率93.09%.结论 MSCTA能准确直观地显示下肢动脉的立体解剖特点,清楚显示下肢动脉狭窄、闭塞,为糖尿病下肢动脉病变的诊断和治疗提供重要依据,是糖尿病下肢动脉病变较为理想的检查方法.     

CTA、CE-MRA、DUS三种影像学方法对糖尿病下肢动脉病变的诊断价值对比

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声(DUS)、三维动态增强磁共振血管成像(CE-MRA)、CT血管造影(CTA)三种影像学方法对糖尿病下肢动脉病变的诊断价值。方法将本院115例诊断为糖尿病引起的下肢动脉病变(下肢动脉狭窄或闭塞病变)的患者作为研究对象,均行单侧或双侧的CTA、CE-MRA、DUS影像学检查。结果 115例患者149条下肢动脉中,按照血管分支分级,其中1级:轻度狭窄79条,中度狭窄41例,重度狭窄或闭塞29条;2级:轻度狭窄51条,中度狭窄48例,重度狭窄或闭塞50条;3级:轻度狭窄98条,中度狭窄37例,重度狭窄或闭塞14条。在98条行DUS检查的下肢动脉病变中,1、2、3级动脉中度狭窄的灵敏度分别为91.18%、87.23%、78.57%,特异度分别为93.75%、96.08%、98.57%;1、2、3级动脉重度狭窄的灵敏度分别为75.00%、81.82%、55.56%,特异度分别为93.02%、90.91%、97.75%。结论三种不同影像学方法(DUS、CE-MRA、CTA)在诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变方面均具有较高的准确性,其中CTA对评估患者下肢动脉重度狭窄的诊断效能高于其它两种影像学方法。     

糖尿病下肢动脉病变的彩色多普勒超声观察

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变的价值。材料和方法:应用彩色多普勒超声对76例糖尿病患者(糖尿病组)和30例正常人(对照组)下肢动脉进行检查,观察血管内径、内膜、有无斑块、管腔狭窄或闭塞及血流动力学改变。结果:76例糖尿病患者中有71例下肢动脉有不同程度的硬化,发生率为93.4%;糖尿病组下肢动脉内径、血流速度较对照组明显减少(P<0.01),以足背动脉最明显,腘动脉次之;糖尿病组下肢血管管腔内膜增厚、硬化斑块、狭窄、闭塞的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),其中股动脉斑块发生率最高,足背动脉狭窄发生率最高,闭塞仅见于足背动脉。结论:彩色多普勒超声可显示下肢动脉病变部位、范围、程度,对诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变有重要价值。     

16层螺旋CT在下肢动脉闭塞性疾病中的应用价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT血管成像术在诊断下肢动脉闭塞性疾病中的应用价值。方法:对42例临床疑为外周动脉闭塞性疾病的患者行下肢动脉16层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA),扫描范围从肾动脉水平达足底。薄层重建横断面图像传入HP xw8000工作站,进行血管三维重建。所有患者于CTA检查前或后2周内行数字减影血管造影(DSA)。以DSA为金标准,评价CTA诊断的准确性。结果:在882个动脉节段中,870个节段在CTA与DSA均可以显示,在DSA图像上,狭窄闭塞的节段共260个(轻度狭窄32段,中度狭窄24段,重度狭窄44段,闭塞160段),最大密度投影(MIP)显示中度以上狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为99.1%、99.7%、99.5%。结论:16层螺旋CT在评估下肢动脉闭塞性疾病方面与常规血管造影结果无明显差别,是下肢动脉闭塞性疾病理想的影像学检查手段,可部分替代DSA检查。     

CTA、CE-MRA、DUS对糖尿病下肢动脉病变的诊断价值对比研究

目的比较彩色多普勒超声(DUS)、三维动态增强磁共振血管成像(CE-MRA)、CT血管造影(CTA)对糖尿病下肢动脉病变的诊断价值。方法将本院115例诊断为糖尿病引起的下肢动脉病变(下肢动脉狭窄或闭塞病变)的患者作为观察对象,均行单侧或双侧的CTA、CE-MRA、DUS影像学检查,对其临床资料及影像学资料进行回顾性分析。115例患者中(149条下肢动脉),98条下肢动脉行DUS检查,63条下肢动脉行CE-MRI检查,85例下肢动脉行CTA检查。对血管分支进行分级,其中膝上动脉为1级,膝下动脉为2级,足背动脉为3级。将DSA检查为金标准,分别计算上述DUS、CE-MRA、CTA对评估糖尿病下肢动脉病变狭窄程度的诊断价值。结果 115例患者149条下肢动脉中,按照血管分支分级,其中1级:轻度狭窄79条,中度狭窄41例,重度狭窄或闭塞29条;2级:轻度狭窄51条,中度狭窄48例,重度狭窄或闭塞50条;3级:轻度狭窄98条,中度狭窄37例,重度狭窄或闭塞14条。在行DUS检查的下肢动脉病变中,1、2、3级动脉中度狭窄的灵敏度分别为91.18%、87.23%、78.57%,特异度分别为93.75%、96.08%、98.57%;3级动脉重度狭窄的灵敏度分别为75.00%、81.82%、55.56%,特异度分别为93.02%、90.91%、97.75%。在行CE-MRA检查的糖尿病下肢动脉病变中,CE-MRA诊断1、2、3级动脉中度狭窄的灵敏度分别为91.43%、98.04%、94.74%,特异度分别为89.29%、83.33%、84.00%;CE-MRA诊断1、2、3级动脉重度狭窄的灵敏度分别为90.91%、80.00%、50.00%,特异度分别为94.23%、94.74%、96.23%。在行CTA检查的糖尿病下肢动脉病变中,CTA诊断1、2、3级动脉中度狭窄的灵敏度分别为100.00%、97.56%、93.33%,特异度分别为98.31%、93.18%、95.71%;CTA诊断1、2、3级动脉重度狭窄的灵敏度分别为100.00%、94.12%、85.71%,特异度分别为97.30%、97.06%、98.72%。结论 DUS、CE-MRA、CTA在诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变方面均具有较高的准确性,其中CTA对评估患者下肢动脉重度狭窄的诊断效能高于其它两种影像学方法。     

2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变的彩色多普勒观察

为探讨彩色多普勒超声对2型糖尿病下肢动脉病变的诊断价值，应用彩色多普勒超声对102例2型糖尿病患者下肢动脉进行检查，并与20例正常组对照，测量血管内一中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块大小、血管内径、血管的内径狭窄率、狭窄口的峰值流速增加率，并观察频谱形态。结果表明，2型糖尿病患者下肢血管病变彩色多普勒超声检出率高于临床表现，并可通过以上指标的测定，对病变程度作出判断，为临床提供定量诊断的依据。     

下肢动脉闭塞性病变的64层CT血管造影与DSA的对照研究

目的对照DSA,研究64层螺旋CT血管造影(CTA)对下肢动脉闭塞性病变诊断的临床应用价值。方法对31例下肢动脉闭塞性病变患者行64层螺旋CTA检查,检查后2周内行DSA。CT数据重建采用最大密度投影、容积重建及多平面重建技术。DSA采用步进跟踪造影技术或分段DSA进行下肢血管检查,将CTA与DSA结果比较。结果在216个动脉节段中,2种检查方法狭窄程度显示一致的有157个,被CTA高估13个,低估6个。CTA对下肢动脉狭窄程度≥50%诊断的灵敏度为98.21%,特异度96.15%,准确率97.22%,阳性预测值96.49%,阴性预测值98.04%。结论64层CT血管造影是下肢动脉闭塞性病变评估的可靠方法,可为制订介入治疗方案提供准确的参考依据。     

超声诊断颈动脉狭窄的临床应用价值分析

目的探讨血管超声诊断颈动脉狭窄的临床应用价值。方法对84例缺血性脑血管病患者分别采用血管超声和经导管造影诊断患者的动脉狭窄情况,比较两种方法的诊断效果。结果血管超声对颈总动脉、颈总动脉分叉处、颈内动脉等部位的斑块检出率明显高于血管造影,且差异具有统计学意义。血管超声与血管造影对颈动脉狭窄程度评估分级对比无明显差异(P0.05)。以血管造影为金标准,血管超声诊断总动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为97.01%、100%、97.62%;而对重度狭窄的诊断敏感性为93.33%,特异性为100%,准确性为97.62%。结论血管超声诊断颈动脉狭窄的敏感性较高,其对颈动脉狭窄程度的判断与DSA具有较高的一致性,可用于颈动脉狭窄的筛选和随访。     

64层螺旋CT在糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的诊断价值

目的评价64层螺旋CT下肢动脉成像在诊断糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的临床价值。方法对90例可疑下肢血管病变的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者进行64层螺旋CT血管造影检查,对所有扫描原始数据行容积再现(VR),最大密度投影(M IP),冠状、矢状面多平面重组(MPR)以及曲面重建(CPR)。结果64层螺旋CT下肢血管造影检查可以清晰显示自髂总至足背整个动脉系统病变的准确部位、范围及侧枝血管。90例患者中67例(77%)患者血管呈不同程度粥样硬化表现。其中轻或中度狭窄49例(56.3%),重度狭窄18例(20.7%),7例(8%)完全闭塞患者可见侧枝循环血管形成。结论64层螺旋CT下肢血管造影,对糖尿病下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的诊断和治疗具有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影诊断髂及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT诊断髂及下肢血管闭塞性病变的价值。材料和方法:185例怀疑髂总动脉及下肢动脉闭塞性病变的患者行16层螺旋CT血管造影检查。其中大动脉炎6例,外伤4例和动脉粥样硬化175例。采用16层螺旋CT,层厚1.25mm,重建间隔1mm。100mL非离子造影剂(300mgI/mL)以4mL/s的速度经手背静脉或肘静脉注入,注射开始后25~30S进行扫描。在工作站获得多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR)图像,并应用血管分析软件测量血管狭窄程度。结果:128例CTA可显示髂及下肢动脉狭窄/闭塞。有7例患者行血管内支架治疗;26例行人工血管架桥或大隐静脉植入手术,31例患者同时进行了MSCTA和DSA检查。MSCTA对腘动脉以上和腘动脉以下狭窄和闭塞显示与DSA一致性好。结论:多层面螺旋CT是下肢血管病变的术前评价和术后复查非常有用的影像手段,可以替代有创的诊断性血管造影检查。     

Contrast-enhanced subtraction MR angiography in occlusive disease of the pelvic and lower limb arteries: results of a prospective intraindividual comparative study with digital subtraction angiography in 76 patients.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the feasibility and clinical use of MR angiography (MRA) for examining the pelvic and lower limb arteries in patients with arterial occlusive disease. METHOD: Seventy-six patients with clinical signs of peripheral arterial occlusive disease were included in the study. MRA was performed using a fast contrast-enhanced high-resolution 3D technique that covered the area from the distal abdominal aorta to the distal lower limbs in two examination steps. RESULTS: In all patients, diagnostic images comparable with those of conventional intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) could be obtained. No false-negative findings were seen in the iliac, femoral, or popliteal arteries. Ten to 16% of the mild stenoses and 6-14% of the severe stenoses, mainly in the crural vessels, were overgraded compared with intraarterial DSA. Particularly in patients with proximal severe obstructions or occlusions, the crural segments could be depicted more clearly due to decreased arterial runoff in conventional angiography. CONCLUSION: The consistency of the excellent depiction of the vascular territories of the distal aorta and the pelvic and lower limb arteries in a standardized setting suggests great potential for the use of MRA in the primary diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease.     

Prospective evaluation of peripheral arterial occlusive disease by 2D MR subtraction angiography

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of two-dimensional (2D) MR subtraction angiography of lower extremities in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease with conventional angiography as the standard of reference. Twenty patients were prospectively included. 2D subtraction MR angiography (MRA) consisted of multisection gradient-recalled echo (GRE) acquisitions with the shortest TE available on our machine (4 msec), obtained in the coronal plane before and after intravenous bolus administration of gadolinium chelate. MR images were reconstructed after subtraction with a maximum-pixel-intensity-projection (MIP) algorithm. MRA was performed in all cases 1–4 days before diagnostic angiography. In a prospective blinded analysis, the number and location of significant (ie, >50%) stenoses and occlusions were evaluated for each vascular segment. Sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate MRA data. Significant stenoses (38 of 46, 83%) and occlusions (66 of 67, 99%) seen at conventional angiography were identified with MRA. The sensitivity and specificity of MRA for determination of stenoses >50% or occlusions was 100% and 97%, respectively. The location and extent of stenoses and/or occlusions on MRA and angiograms were well correlated (kappa values, r = .73, P < .05). Contrast 2D MR subtraction angiography, by providing comparable information to that of conventional angiography, is well suited to evaluate the presence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions of the lower limbs.     

Multi-slice spiral CT: 3D CT angiography for evaluating therapeutically relevant stenosis in peripheral arterial occlusive disease

PURPOSE: Evaluation of 3D multislice CT angiography for the assessment of relevant stenoses of pelvic arteries and arteries of the lower extremity in patients with peripheral artery occlusive disease compared to digital subtraction angiography. METHOD/MATERIALS: For this study we examined 31 patients with peripheral artery occlusive disease. All patients received a multislice helical CT angiography and arterial digital subtraction angiography. Multislice CT angiography was performed with a Somatom Plus 4 Volume Zoom (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). After test bolus injection of 20 ml Ultravist 370 (Schering AG, Berlin) additional 150 ml were applied with a flow rate of 3 ml/sec and a scan delay between 20-35 sec depending on individual blood circulation time. Collimation was 4 x 2.5 mm with a pitch of 6. Reconstructed slice thickness was 3 mm. 3D reconstructions of arteries of pelvic and lower extremity arteries were performed in volume rendering technique on a 3D Virtuoso workstation (Siemens, Erlangen). RESULTS: For the assessment of therapeutically relevant stenoses (over 50% reduction of luminal diameter) multislice CT achieved the following results compared to conventional angiography for the diagnosis of stenosis: sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 86% and an accuracy of 72%. CONCLUSIONS: Multislice helical CT angiography of pelvic arteries and arteries of the thigh represents a reliable means for the detection of relevant stenoses in patients with peripheral occlusive artery disease.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像对下肢动脉系统疾病的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像术在下肢动脉疾病中的应用价值及技术优势。方法:对21例疑有下肢动脉疾病患者行64层螺旋CT增强扫描,扫描范围从肾动脉水平达足底。薄层重建横断面图像传入Wizard工作站,进行血管三维重建。其中21例结合常规血管造影评价64层螺旋CT血管成像术(CTA)的准确性。结果:在441个动脉节段中,435个节段在CTA与DSA均可以显示,在DSA图像上,狭窄闭塞的节段共130个(轻度狭窄16段,中度狭窄12段,重度狭窄22段,闭塞80段),最大密度投影(MIP)显示中度以上狭窄的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为:99.1%、99.7%、99.5%。结论:64层CT血管成像是一种高度准确、非侵袭性的成像技术,在评估下肢动脉疾病方面与常规血管造影结果无明显差别,是下肢动脉疾病较好的影像学检查手段。     

下肢动脉的二氧化碳DSA造影

目的；探讨二氧化碳作下肢动脉造影的临床应用价值。材料与方法：３０例临床疑及下肢动脉病变者，经二氧化碳动脉数字减影血管造影（ＣＯ２－ＤＳＡ），再行泛影葡胺血管造影，将两者的诊断结果及影像质量进行对比。结果：下肢动脉ＣＯ２－ＤＳＡ的影像质量能达到诊断成碘剂结果一致，而影像质量以背景、血管边缘锐利度较碘剂差，结论：ＣＯ２作业上肢动脉造影的阴性造影剂是安全、有效、经济，对血管闭塞性病变有较大的潜力，但完全     

Contrast-enhanced 3D MRA with centric ordering in k space: A preliminary clinical experience in imaging the abdominal aorta and renal and peripheral arterial vasculature

The objective of this study was to determine the clinical utility of a contrast-enhanced, centric reordered, three-dimensional (3D) MR angiography (MRA) pulse sequence in imaging the abdominal aorta and renal and peripheral lower extremity arteries. Twenty-eight MRA studies were performed on 23 patients and four volunteers at 1.5 T using a 3D contrast-enhanced, centric reordered pulse sequence. In 20 patients, the abdominal aorta and renal arteries were imaged, and in seven patients, the lower extremity arteries were imaged. In 19 patients, a total of 51 renal vessels were evaluated (33 renal arteries using .1 mmol/kg of gadopentetate dimeglumine and 18 renal arteries using .2 mmol/kg of gadoteridol). A total of 70 peripheral arterial segments were assessed using .2 mmol/kg of gadoteridol. Correlation with conventional angiography was made for the following 14 cases: renal artery stenosis (four cases), abdominal aortic stenosis (one case), arteriovenous fistula in a transplant kidney (one case), renal arteriovenous malformation (one case), common iliac artery aneurysms (one case), and peripheral lower extremity (six cases). Of the 70 peripheral arterial segments evaluated, in 35, there was correlation with x-ray angiography. The mean percent of aortic signal enhancement was significantly higher in the .2 mmol/kg dose group (370.8 ± 190.3) than in the .1 mmol/kg dose group (184.5 ± 128.9) (P = .02). However, there was no apparent difference between the two doses for visualization of the renal and accessory renal arteries. There was concordance between the contrast-enhanced 3D MRA studies and conventional angiography in all cases of renal artery and peripheral arterial stenoses and occlusions, including visualization of reconstituted peripheral arterial segments. There was no evidence of spin dephasing effects at sites of stenoses on the 3D contrast-enhanced MRA studies. Contrast-enhanced, centric reordered, 3D MRA can rapidly image the abdominal aorta and renal and accessory renal arteries, as well as peripheral lower extremity arteries, with high resolution. Accurate depiction of the vascular lumen at sites of stenosis is made because of the lack of spin dephasing effects, even with hemody-namically significant stenoses. Additional larger clinical trials are required with this promising technique.     

介入治疗急性髂总动脉和肢体动脉栓塞的临床研究

目的：探讨急性髂总动脉和肢体动脉栓塞血管内治疗的方法和疗效。方法：采用血管内尿激酶溶栓术11例，8例腘动脉狭窄9段，3例髂外动脉狭窄6段；经皮穿刺血管成形术(PTA)8例，2例髂总动脉狭窄3段，6例股动脉狭窄10段。支架置入1例为髂外动脉狭窄。共治疗患者20例28段。男16例，女4例，年龄30～83岁，平均56岁。结果：溶栓治疗成功率66．67％(10／15段)，PTA治疗成功率92．31％(12／13段)，支架置入术成功1例(1／1)。结论：采用血管内局部溶栓和PTA、支架置入是治疗急性髂总动脉和肢体动脉栓塞安全、有效的方法。     

Peripheral arterial disease: gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography versus color-guided duplex US--a meta-analysis

PURPOSE: To summarize and compare the published data on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and color-guided duplex ultrasonography (US) for the work-up for peripheral arterial disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies published between January 1984 and November 1998 were included if (a) gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography and/or color-guided duplex US were performed for evaluation of arterial stenoses and occlusions in the work-up for peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities, (b) conventional angiography was the reference standard, and (c) absolute numbers of true-positive, false-negative, true-negative, and false-positive results were available or derivable. RESULTS: With a random effects model, pooled sensitivity for MR angiography (97.5% [95% CI: 95.7%, 99.3%]) was higher than that for duplex US (87.6% [95% CI: 84.4%, 90.8%]). Pooled specificities were similar: 96.2% (95% CI: 94.4%, 97.9%) for MR angiography and 94.7% (95% CI: 93.2%, 96.2%) for duplex US. Summary receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated better discriminatory power for MR angiography than for duplex US. Regression coefficients for MR angiography versus US were 1.67 (95% CI: -0.23, 3.56) with adjustment for covariates, 2.11 (95% CI: 0.12, 4.09) without such adjustment, and 1.73 (95% CI: 0.44, 3.02) with a random effects model. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography has better discriminatory power than does color-guided duplex US and is a highly sensitive and specific method, as compared with conventional angiography, for the work-up for peripheral arterial disease.     

Carotid arterial stenosis: evaluation at CT angiography with the volume-rendering technique.

PURPOSE: To determine whether computed tomographic (CT) angiography with the volume-rendering technique (VRT) can be used to accurately quantify carotid arterial stenosis and to identify occlusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spiral CT was performed in 23 patients who were referred for carotid stenosis evaluation. VRT images and shaded-surface display (SSD) images of 46 carotid arterial bifurcations were compared with findings from digital subtraction angiography (DSA). RESULTS: Agreement on stenosis category between VRT CT angiography and DSA was found in 39 (85%) of the 46 carotid arteries studied. VRT CT angiography was 92% (49 of 53) sensitive and 96% (82 of 85) specific for the detection of grade 2-3 stenoses (> or = 70% stenosis). Agreement on stenosis category between SSD CT angiography and DSA was found in 38 (83%) of the 46 carotid arteries studied. SSD CT angiography was 91% (48 of 53) sensitive and 93% (79 of 85) specific for the detection of grade 2-3 stenoses. Calcified stenoses were correctly graded at VRT CT angiography in 10 of the 10 cases with heavy mural calcified plaques, while eight of the 10 stenoses were accurately quantified at SSD CT angiography. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that VRT CT angiography is as accurate as SSD CT angiography in the evaluation of carotid arterial bifurcations.     

Multidetector row CT angiography of the lower limb arteries: a prospective comparison of volume-rendered techniques and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography

AIM: To assess whether multi-detector CT angiograms (MDCTA) of the lower limb arteries, compared with conventional digital subtraction angiograms (DSA), could replace invasive arteriography in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective comparative analysis of MDCTA and DSA in 44 patients, MDCTA was analyzed using volume-rendered images acquired at a workstation and viewed in tandem with the original axial data. Designated arterial segments were graded according to their degree of stenosis. RESULTS: We found agreement for the degree of stenosis in 88.8% and 85.4% of 1024 segments analysed for two observers. The sensitivity for treatable lesions (>50% stenosis) was 79.1% and 72% with a specificity of 93.3% and 92.6%. DSA failed to visualize 7.3% of segments that were visible with MDCTA. These segments were exclusively downstream to long segment occlusions. CONCLUSION: MDCTA using 4-slice machines is insensitive to detecting significant arterial stenoses in the lower limb arteries. MDCTA is superior to DSA in its visualization of arterial territories downstream to significant occlusive disease.