CT导向下经皮针刺活检前纵隔肿瘤

目的　探讨经皮针刺活检前纵隔肿瘤的影响穿刺准确性的因素。资料与方法　回顾性分析 80例前纵隔肿瘤CT导向下经皮针刺活检术。结果　 (1)病理学明确诊断 6 7例 ,不能确定诊断 13例 ;(2 )细针抽吸、切割针活检穿刺敏感性分别为 75 %、90 .5 % ;(3) 16例小病灶穿刺敏感性为 6 8.8% ,6 4例大病灶穿刺敏感性为 87.5 % ;(4)胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检准确性均为 92 % ,淋巴瘤活检准确性仅为 6 5 % ,与前两组比较有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 ) ;(5 )穿刺并发症发生率为 7.5 %。结论　切割针活检阳性率高于细针活检 ,活检阳性率大病灶高于小病灶 ,胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检阳性率显著高于淋巴瘤 ;CT导向下经皮针刺活检术是前纵隔肿瘤安全、有价值的诊断方法。     

CT导向下经皮纵隔病变自动切割活检准确率分析

目的探讨影响CT导向下经皮纵隔病变自动切割活检(automated cutting needle biopsy,ACNB)准确性的相关影响因素。资料与方法回顾性分析89例采用CT导向下经皮纵隔病变ACNB的患者资料,以最终诊断结果为金标准,计算穿刺活检诊断恶性病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性。应用χ2检验分析不同病变部位、大小、良、恶性及穿刺次数等对穿刺活检准确性的影响。结果 89例纵隔病变穿刺活检患者中有80例与最终诊断结果相符,穿刺活检诊断恶性病变的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确性及其95%可信区间分别为90.5%(84.4%～96.6%)、86.7%(79.6%～93.8%)、97.1%(93.6%～100%)、65.0%(55.0%～75.0%)、89.9%(83.6%～96.2%)。经统计学分析,经皮纵隔病变ACNB活检准确性与病灶大小、穿刺次数有统计学意义,穿刺层面病灶越大,活检准确性越高;穿刺次数为3次组活检准确性高于<3次组,而与>3次组无明显差异。结论 CT导向下经皮纵隔病变ACNB对纵隔病变定性诊断准确性高且安全,纵隔病变大小及活检次数可影响活检诊断的准确...     

CT导向下切割活检在纵隔病变诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨经皮针刺切割活检纵隔病变的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析52例纵隔肿瘤CT导向下经皮针刺切割活检术.穿刺针为美国MD公司TRU-CORE 18 G切割针,52例均做切割病理组织学检查,6例加做免疫组化.结果 (1)病变部位前纵隔49例,中纵隔1例,后纵隔2例;(2)43例病理诊断明确,9例病理诊断不确定.穿刺活检正确率为82.7% ,假阴性率为17.3% ,假阳性病例1例;(3)淋巴瘤活检准确性为50%, 辅以免疫组织化学后切割活检的准确性为80%,明显提高了穿刺活检的诊断准确率(χ2 = 3. 96 ,P<0.05);(4) 8 例小病灶穿刺敏感性为50%,44 例大病灶穿刺敏感性为84.1%,穿刺阳性率与病灶大小无关(确切概率法P>0. 05);(5)胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检准确性分别为93%、100% ,淋巴瘤活检准确性仅为50%, 胸腺类肿瘤、淋巴结转移性癌活检阳性率显著高于淋巴瘤(P < 0.05)与前2组比较有统计学意义(P < 0.05);(6) 穿刺并发症发生率为9.6%.气胸发生率为5.8%.结论 CT导向下经皮切割活检术是纵隔病变安全而有价值的诊断方法,辅以免疫组织化学技术可以很大提高纵隔病变的诊断正确率.     

弹簧活检枪在胸部肿块活检中的应用

目的 :探讨应用弹簧活检枪行胸部肿块CT引导下穿刺活检的临床价值。材料和方法 :使用 15～ 18G弹簧活检枪在CT引导下对 42例胸部肿块 (肺 3 4例、纵隔 8例 )行穿刺活检术 ,标本行组织学、细胞学检查 ,活检结果与手术及随访结果对照。结果 :活检枪活检总准确性为 90 .5 %。肺部肿块中恶性肿瘤 3 0例、良性病变 4例 ,肺癌假阴性 3例 ,无假阳性 ;纵隔肿块中恶性 8例 ,1例淋巴瘤穿刺物难以定性。并发症发生率 2 1.4% ,其中气胸 6例、针道区少量出血 3例 ,除 1例气胸行闭式引流外均无需处理。结论 :使用弹簧活检枪行CT引导下胸部肿块穿刺活检准确、安全 ,临床价值高。     

胸部大血管旁直径≤3cm病灶CT引导穿刺活检技术的应用

目的:评价CT引导经皮穿刺活检术对邻近胸部大血管旁直径≤3cm病灶的临床应用价值。方法:采用CT引导经皮穿刺术对206例邻近胸部大血管的直径≤3cm病灶进行活检,并与手术或临床随访诊断结果进行对比,分析其敏感性、特异性、准确性及并发症情况。结果:本组中该方法对恶性肿瘤的诊断敏感度为82.7%(124/150),阳性预测值100%;对良性病变的诊断特异度为100%,阴性预测值68.3%(56/82);总诊断符合率为87.4%(180/206)。气胸发生率8.3%(17/206),肺内出血发生率9.2%(19/206),均未作特殊处理而自愈;病灶周围有肺气肿是气胸及肺内出血的危险因素(χ2分别为27.56和30.45,P<0.01),而病灶大小及深度与并发症无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:CT引导经皮穿刺活检术对邻近胸部大血管旁直径≤3cm病灶的诊断准确性较高且并发症少。     

CT导向经胸穿刺活检108例报告

CT导向经胸穿刺活检108例;纵隔,肺门36例,周围肺野66例,胸膜6例。经手术证实和临床随访,恶性肿瘤的穿刺活检正确率为96％、良性肿瘤为54.5％、非肿瘤性病变为36.4％。4例并发症:2例气胸、2例轻微出血。无空气栓塞及肿瘤扩张。本文讨论了CT导向与电视监视,超声导向的比较,认为CT导向对深部小病灶以及组织结构重叠部位病灶比电视监视、超声导向为好。另外也分析了穿刺针与并发症的关系以及产生并发症的其它因素。并且评价了CT导向穿刺活检在临床诊断的作用。     

CT透视导向胸部病变穿刺活检

目的 探讨CT透视导向胸部病变穿刺活检技术及其临床意义。方法 76例胸部病变穿刺，其中肺部68例，纵隔5例，胸膜3例。结果 76例穿刺活检病灶成功率100％。诊断准确率96．1％(73／76)，其中恶性病变诊断准确率97．9％(47／48)，良性病变诊断准确率92．3％(26／28)。并发气胸24例(31．6％)。结论 ①CT透视技术集合了X线透视和常规CT两者的优点；②对良、恶性病变诊断正确率很高，具有重要的临床意义。     

胸部结节或肿块的 CT 导向穿刺活检的临床应用

目的：探讨CT导向下经皮穿刺活检对胸部结节或肿块病变诊断的临床意义。方法 CT导向下采用18~20 G切吸两用穿刺针对25例胸部占位性病变进行穿刺并活检。结果25例患者穿刺活检病理诊断为恶性肿瘤12例,良性肿瘤4例,结核3例,淋巴结肿大6例;恶性肿瘤中鳞癌6例,腺癌2例,小细胞癌1例,转移瘤3例。总阳性诊断率达100%,其中细胞学诊断阳性率76%,组织学诊断阳性率92%。无一例发生严重并发症及针道转移。结论 CT导向穿刺对胸部结节或肿块的诊断安全有效,值得临床广泛应用。     

纵隔和肺门肿块的CT导向穿刺活检

目的　评价CT导向纵隔和肺门肿块穿刺活检的价值。方法　总结 1998-0 4～ 2 0 0 1-12经CT导向穿刺活检的 34例纵隔和肺门肿块病例。纵隔和纵隔旁肿块 19例 ,纵隔内上腔静脉旁和隆突下淋巴结 7例 ,肺门肿块 8例 ,纵隔内淋巴结肿大和肺门肿块病例纤支镜检查均为阴性。CT定位后以 18～ 2 0G切割针及抽吸针从前 ( 19例 )或后 ( 15例 )胸壁避开重要脏器进针 ,穿刺次数 1～ 3次作组织学或加抽吸细胞学检查。结果　 32例明确诊断 ,阳性率 94%。 4/34例 ( 12 % )有少量气胸 ,均自行吸收 ,2 /34例 ( 6% )肺内少量出血。本组纤支镜阴性的肺门和近纵隔肺癌以小细胞肺癌为主 ( 11/15 )。结论　CT导向穿刺活检对于纵隔和纤支镜检查阴性的肺门肿块有重要价值 ,安全可靠 ,胸腺部位抽吸活检有利于提高阳性率     

CT透视引导下的纵隔小病灶穿刺活检的临床价值

目的探讨CT引导下纵隔小病灶穿刺活检技术及诊断价值。方法42例纵隔小病灶(小于3cm)在CT引导下采用自动切割式活检针穿刺活检。结果42例纵隔肿块穿刺活检病灶取材成功率97.65(41/42)。纵隔肿块穿刺活检的诊断准确率92.3%(39/42),对于恶性病变诊断准确率96.3%(26/ 27),良性病变为86.7%(13/15)。并发气胸2例(4.8%),纵隔少量出血1例(2.3%)。结论CT引导下穿刺活检是安全、有效的诊断手段,对于纵隔病变诊断的准确率高,CT引导下纵隔小病灶穿刺活检对纵隔病变的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.