胃溃灵对胃粘膜损伤大鼠胃粘膜分泌的影响

目的 :研究胃溃灵对乙酸引起胃粘膜损伤大鼠胃粘膜分泌的影响。方法 :将 5 0只 SD大鼠制成乙酸胃粘膜损伤模型 ,并随机将大鼠等分为 5组 ,次日起给每组大鼠分别灌服等量生理盐水、大、中、小剂量 ( 12 g/ kg、6g/kg、3 g/ kg)胃溃灵、雷尼替丁 ,10 d后处死大鼠 ,观察大鼠胃粘膜损伤程度。采用阿尔新蓝与胃液中糖蛋白结合的方法 ,分别测定大鼠胃内游离粘液量、胃壁粘液量。结果 :胃溃灵能明显提高大鼠胃内游离粘液、胃壁粘液的分泌量 ,能明显抑制乙酸对大鼠胃粘膜的损伤。结论 :胃粘液分泌量增加可加强对粘膜的屏障作用 ,这是胃溃灵保护胃粘膜损伤的机制之一。     

三九胃泰颗粒对大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤的修复作用

目的 :观察三九胃泰颗粒对胃粘膜损伤修复和细胞增殖活性调控的影响。方法 :采用无水乙醇 1m l胃饲诱发急性胃粘膜损伤大鼠模型并用三九胃泰颗粒治疗 ,免疫组织化学技术检测胃上皮细胞的增殖改变 ,早期应答基因 c- jun和 c- met的表达。结果 :三九胃泰颗粒、胃舒颗粒、养胃冲剂及丽珠得乐治疗组大鼠胃粘膜损伤指数均显著低于无水乙醇模型组及自然恢复组 ,尤以三九胃泰颗粒治疗后为甚 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;免疫组织化学显示三九胃泰颗粒、胃舒颗粒、养胃冲剂及丽珠得乐治疗组大鼠胃粘膜增殖细胞核抗原标记的阳性细胞数量、c- jun和 c- met的阳性表达均有高于无水乙醇模型组及自然恢复组的趋势 ,尤以三九胃泰颗粒治疗后为甚 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :三九胃泰颗粒能促进急性胃粘膜损伤的修复     

胃炎灵对大鼠胃粘膜保护作用的研究

目的 :探讨胃炎灵对实验大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法 :在无水乙醇形成大鼠胃粘膜损伤模型后 ,应用中药胃炎灵治疗并观察胃粘膜病理变化、炎症程度、溃疡指数 (UI)及溃疡面积 ,并检测胃粘膜氨基乙糖及前列腺素 E2 (PGE2 )含量。结果 :治疗组胃粘膜充血、水肿、坏死、炎症程度、UI及溃疡面积较对照组明显减少 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,两组胃粘膜氨基乙糖及 PGE2 对照差异亦有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :胃炎灵对胃粘膜有良好的细胞保护作用 ,其机制可能为该药抑制炎症反应 ,提高氨基乙糖含量 ,增加 PGE2 的合成。     

中药对大鼠血浆及胃粘膜热休克蛋白的影响

采用束缚水浸法造成大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤模型，观察溃疡指数，运用Westerndotblot法检测大鼠血浆及胃组织中热休克蛋白（HSPs）水平的变化。并对目组织的HSPs作免疫组织化学研究、结果表明：热处理组和健脾益气组的溃疡指数极其显著低于模型组（P＜0．01），但血浆及胃组织中的HSPs显著高于模型组（P＜0．05）．溃疡指数与HSPs表达水平呈明显负相关。提示热处理及健脾益气方处理能诱导大鼠提高HSPs的表达，防止胃粘膜损伤，表明HSPs。可能介导胃粘膜防御。     

柴胡桂枝汤对大鼠胃粘膜保护作用的实验研究

采用3种剂量的柴胡桂枝汤（5g／kg，10g／kg，20g／kg）灌胃，观察其对利血平腹腔注射诱发的大鼠实验性胃溃疡的胃粘膜保护作用，并与病理组及正常组对照。结果表明3种剂量的柴胡桂枝汤均使大鼠溃疡指数降低（P＜0．05）；其对大鼠胃粘膜的生长抑素（SS）无明显影响；而中剂量的柴胡桂枝汤能显著抑制胃粘膜胃泌素（GAS）的分泌（P＜0．05）。提示中剂量柴胡桂枝汤抑制胃粘膜GAS的释放，减少胃酸分泌对胃粘膜的损害作用，可能是预防大鼠利血平胃溃疡形成的主要作用机制之一。     

Prophylactic Effect of Famotidine on Acute Gastric Ulcers due to Ranger Training

Abstract: Since 1978, we performed endoscopic examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract in trainees before and after ranger training to study the relationship between the training program and the occurrence of acute gastrointestinal disease. Since 1987, the H₂ blocker famotidine has been administered to all ranger trainees as a prophylaxis against stress ulceration. In the 617 subjects studied, the following conditions were detected following the completion of the training: gastric ulcers occurred in 42 subjects (6.8%), duodenal ulcers occurred in 27 subjects (4.4%), and gastroduodenal ulcers occurred in six subjects (1%). Ulcers occurred in 41 out of 421 trainees (9. 7%) during the nine years between 1978 and 1986. Since 1987, however, ulcers have occurred in only seven out of 196 trainees (3.6%).     

Influence of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferent Fibers on Acetic Acid-Induced Chronic Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Tramontana M. Renzi D, Calabró A. Panerai C. Milani S, Surrenti C, Evangelista S. Influence of capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers on acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994;29:406-413.

Accumulating evidence indicates that capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers play a pivotal role in acute gastroprotection. However, whether they also influence healing of chronic gastric ulcers is still unknown. The effects of ablation of sensory neurons on acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats were investigated at morphologic and biochemical levels by computerized imaging analysis of the ulcerated area, histologic examination, and neuropeptide determination. Afferent nerve ablation, as a result of treating rats with a neurotoxic dose of capsaicin (50 + 50 mg/kg subcutaneously over 2 days), produced a significant increase in the ulcer area at 1 and 2 weeks after acetic acid injection. The delay in ulcer healing was associated with a marked and persistent decrease in tissue calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity. whereas gastric vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was unaffected by capsaicin pretreatment. Histologically, as compared with control rats, capsaicin-desensitized animals only differed in a slight increase in the inflammatory infiltrate during the early phase of ulcer formation. These findings suggest that capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers may play a role in the healing of chronic experimental gastric ulcers in rats, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated and deserve further investigation.     

猴头菌对实验大鼠胃粘膜保护作用的研究

探讨猴头菌对实验大鼠胃牯膜损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法：在无水乙醇形成大鼠胃牯膜损伤模型前后．应用猴头菌给予预防和治疗．观察胃粘膜损伤程度及病理改变：并检测胃粘膜氮基己糖及血浆胃泌素含量。结果：预服猴头菌2周后溃疡抑制率为62％．治疗2周后溃疡抑制率为91％：猴头菌能增进大鼠食欲,并可明显减轻胃牯膜的充血、出血,水肿和坏死：减轻粘膜下炎细胞浸润：促进粘膜氮基己糖的恢复：防止胃泌素的升高。结论：猴头菌对胃粘膜有良好的细胞保护作用。     

血管活性肠肽参与电针对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨血管活性肠肽(VIP)参与电针对胃粘膜损伤大鼠保护作用的机制。方法：采用束缚冷应激胃粘膜损伤大鼠模型，通过放射免疫测定法和中枢迷走背核复合体(DVC)微量注射，观察电针对各组外周血、胃粘膜和脑组织的VIP含量的变化，胃粘膜血流量(GMBF)、损伤指数(LI)和跨壁电位差(PD)的影响。结果：电针模型组外周血、胃粘膜和脑组织VIP含量均增加，GMBF、PD也明显增加，LI下降；中枢DVC微量注射VIP后，外周血和胃粘膜中VIP含量增加。结论：VIP作为信号分子，通过神经内分泌免疫网络系统对胃粘膜损伤具有整体调控作用。     

丹参抗大鼠乙醇性胃粘膜损伤的作用及机制

目的 :探讨丹参抗大鼠乙醇性胃粘膜损伤的作用及机制。方法 :采用 10 0 %乙醇复制大鼠乙醇性胃粘膜损伤模型 ,用放射免疫法测定胃粘膜内前列腺素 E2 (PGE2 )、前列腺素 I2 (PGI2 )的含量 ,用浓盐法测定胃粘膜内DNA的含量。结果 :丹参组的胃粘膜损伤指数低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;胃粘膜内 PGE2 、PGI2 含量高于对照组 (均 P<0 .0 1) ;DNA含量高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :丹参促进胃粘膜细胞 DNA的合成和胃粘膜细胞的增殖 ,使PGE2 、PGI2 含量增加 ,进而促进了胃粘液的分泌。     

The Effects of Hydrocortisone and ACTH on the Gastric Mucosa of the Rat

The effects of administering hydrocortisone (4 mg and 8 mg daily for 22 days) and ACTH (4 units and 8 units daily for 36 days) on the gastric mucosa of rats were assessed from the changes observed in the weight of the whole stomach, the surface area of the fundus, the height and volume of the fundic mucosa and the total parietal cell population. Both treatments reduced stomach weight and the height and volume of the fundic mucosa but the surface area of the fundus and the parietal cell population were not affected; no gastric ulcers were observed.

The results suggest that the administration of large amounts of the adrenocortical hormones inhibits the overall growth of the gastric mucosa.     

消痞灵对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠胃粘膜病理形态和超微结构影响的研究

目的 :观察消痞灵对慢性萎缩性胃炎 ( CAG)大鼠胃粘膜病理形态及超微结构的影响。方法 :将健康Wistar大白鼠随机分为正常对照组 ,模型组 ,消痞灵大、小剂量治疗组 ,维酶素治疗组。造模结束后 ,消痞灵大、小剂量治疗组、维酶素组分别按体重灌服消痞灵冲剂和维酶素 ,正常组和模型组在第 17～ 2 0周均按体重灌服生理盐水。结果 :造模后光镜下可见大鼠胃粘膜萎缩变薄 ,腺体数量减少 ,有肠上皮化生和不同程度的非典型增生。电镜下可见吸收细胞表面具有肠型微绒毛和含有大量粘原颗粒的杯状细胞 ,细胞异型与结构异型较明显。经消痞灵治疗后 ,胃粘膜炎症减轻 ,肠化或异型增生减轻或消失 ,超微结构也有明显改善。结论 :消痞灵可能对 CAG胃粘膜萎缩上皮起营养和改善代谢的作用 ,对肠化和不典型增生等癌前病变具有较好的阻断和逆转作用     

止血愈疡颗粒剂对大鼠乙酸型胃溃疡及环核苷酸的影响

自制止血愈疡颗粒剂对乙酸型胃溃疡大鼠有显著的抗溃疡作用。检测雷尼替丁组及模型组大鼠胃粘膜环磷酸腺苷／环磷酸鸟苷（cAMP／cGMP）比值分别为7．2±3．5和24．8±20．8，两组比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。表明，雷尼替丁能使大鼠胃粘膜cAMP／cGMP水平下降，提示可能cAMP／cGMP比值降低则胃酸分泌减少。止血愈疡颗粒剂表现出与雷尼替丁相同的效应。     

干地黄对胃粘膜的快速保护作用及其机制

目的探讨干地黄对胃粘膜的快速保护作用及其机制。方法对干地黄抗无水乙醇性胃粘膜损伤作用的时间-效应关系进行分析研究。结果①分别提前120、30、15和1min胃饲干地黄煎剂6g/kg,均显著抑制大鼠胃粘膜损伤,抑制率依次为57.1％、89.3％、95.9％和76.4％;②提前1min胃饲干地黄提取物A6g/kg,对胃粘膜损伤的抑制率为74.7％;③分别用100、400和800g/L的辣椒煎剂预处理大鼠,提取物A的胃粘膜保护作用随着辣椒煎剂浓度的增大明显减弱直至消失。结论干地黄对胃粘膜有快速保护作用,其机制可能与胃粘膜内辣椒辣素敏感神经元的传入冲动增多有关。     

Endoscopic Characteristics of Gastric Polyps and Their Background Mucosa on the Gastric Body

Abstract: We investigated the endoscopic and histopathological characteristics of 112 gastric polyps on the gastric body. According to the histopathological findings of the glands in the biopsy specimens, we classified the polyps into 6 categories; dense fundic gland type (group A), sparse fundic gland type (B), mixed fundic and pyloric gland type (C), pyloric gland type (D), complete atrophic gland type (E) and others (F). The grade of atrophic gastritis was defined by the fundic-pyloric border type of the stomach, and was found to change from mild to severe respectively in groups A to E. The gastric area type of background fundic gland mucosa also changed from F₀ to F₃ in parallel with the order of the groups A to E. Thirty-five of the 36 polyps in group A, all 19 in group B, 2 out of 3 in group C, 1 of 4 in group D, and the 1 in group E were located on the dye-endoscopically defined fundic gland mucosal area. The gland type of biopsy specimens which were obtained from the mucosa adjacent to the polyps changed from fundic to fundic-pyloric and to pyloric type in groups A to E respectively. In conclusion, the histopathological findings of polyps on the gastric body reflect the background mucosa, and in particular the extent of the atrophic change of the stomach. The majority of polyps, either fundic gland polyps (groups A and B) or hyperplastic polyps (groups C, D and E), on the gastric body were found to be the same gland type as their respective background mucosa. They thus seem to fall into the same category as hyperplastic polyps of background mucosal origin but are not the same as a hamartomatous polyp.     

消痞灵对实验性CAG大鼠胃粘膜组织细胞DNA含量和细胞动力学的影响

目的观察消痞灵对慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)大鼠胃粘膜组织细胞DNA含量和细胞动力学的影响.方法将大鼠随机分5组,采用乙醇和脱氧胆酸钠复合造模法.留取胃粘膜组织块,流式细胞仪检测DI及PI,并分析细胞周期变化情况.结果消痞灵大、小剂量组DI值与模型组有显著差异;模型组G0/1期细胞比率明显低于正常组和消痞灵组,而S组和G2/M期细胞比率明显高于正常组和消痞灵组;模型组PI值明显高于消痞灵组.结论消痞灵对CAG大鼠胃粘膜活跃的增殖状态有明显抑制作用.     

针刺足阳明经穴对兔胃粘膜损伤前后胃运动功能的影响

目的 :通过针刺足阳明经穴对兔胃粘膜损伤前后胃运动的观察 ,进一步探讨足阳明经与胃的相关规律。方法 :对 40只大耳白兔运用无水乙醇灌胃 ,造成胃粘膜损伤模型 ,然后观察针刺对胃粘膜损伤前后胃运动功能的影响。结果 :胃粘膜损伤造模前后 ,胃运动振幅指数百分率比较差异有显著性意义 ,造模后振幅指数显著下降 ,与造模前比较 P <0 .0 1,针刺四白、足三里穴能增强胃运动 ,针刺后比刺前胃运动振幅指数显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,尤以四白穴最为显著 ,且在胃粘膜损伤后 ,同样能增强胃的运动。结论 :胃粘膜损伤后 ,胃运动振幅指数显著下降 ,针刺足阳明经穴后可使胃运动振幅指数上升 ,提示足阳明经与胃具有相关性。     

Aging Enhances Susceptibility of Diclofenac-Treated Rats to Gastric Ulceration, While Attenuating Enteropathy

Although clinical reports note aging and gender as risk factors for NSAID therapy associated gastroenteropathy, neither variable has been examined in an animal model. We addressed this unknown by comparing the responses of young (4 months) and old (22 months) rats of both genders to oral treatment with diclofenac (10 or 50 mg/kg). Diclofenac produced gastric ulcers only in old rats, with markedly larger lesions in females. In contrast, the small intestines in old rats of both genders given the 50 mg/kg dosage had >30% fewer ulcers and a fourfold decrease in area of ulceration compared to young rats. The small intestine was the only site of lesions after the 10 mg/kg dosage and showed one gender influence, namely, a transiently faster time course of ulcer development in females. Old and young rats given 50 mg/kg showed similar declines in serum levels of the vascular permeability indices-total protein and albumin-despite reduced intestinal damage in the old animals, which suggests additive vascular leakage across the gastric lesions that were evident only in old animals. Serum biochemistry showed no evidence of hepatotoxicity or dysfunction, consonant with small intestine as the primary target for diclofenac toxicity in rats. We provide the first experimental evidence for an aging influence on the gastrointestinal target site of a nonaspirin NSAID.     

Circadian Acidity Pattern in Prepyloric Ulcers: A Comparison with Normal Subjects and Duodenal Ulcer Patients

Savarino V, Mela GS, Zentilin P, Malesci A, Vigneri S, Sossai P, Di Mario F, Cutela P, Mele MR, Celle G. Circadian acidity pattern in prepyloric ulcers: a comparison with normal subjects and duodenal ulcer patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993;28:772-776.

We used continuous 24-h pH monitoring to compare the circadian intragastric acidity of 36 patients with prepyloric ulcers (PPU) with that of 101 normal subjects (NS) and that of 206 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU). The ulcer crater was endoscopically ascertained in all cases, and PPU were located within an area up to 2 cm proximal to the pylorus. The pH curve pertaining to DU patients ran below that of NS during most of the circadian period, whereas the pH profile of PPU patients was higher than that of NS, and this was particularly true during the evening and the night. The acidity of PPU patients was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than that of NS during the night only, whereas it was lower (p < 0.05-0.001) than that of DU patients during each time interval analysed (24 h, nighttime, and daytime). Our findings show that the gastric acidity of PPU patients differs greatly from that of DU patients, since it is lower throughout the whole 24-h period, and particularly during the night. Thus these two entities are pathophysiologically different with regard to the acidity pattern and should be considered two distinct subgroups of peptic ulcer disease instead of being incorporated, as usually happens, in the clinical group ‘duodenal ulcer disease’.     

Attenuated Apoptosis in H. pylori-Colonized Gastric Mucosa of Mongolian Gerbils in Comparison with Mice

Although gastric cancer formation with H. pylori in Mongolian gerbils was recently reported, the same inoculation procedure did not result in cancer formation in other animals such as mice. Disturbed regulation of apoptosis and cell proliferation are known to link the multistep process of carcinogenesis. The present study is designed to examine the level of gastric epithelial cell apoptosis in Mongolian gerbils colonized with the H. pylori (Sydney strain: SS1) in comparison with that in mice. Mice (C57BL/6) and Mongolian gerbils were orally inoculated with SS1 and the stomachs were examined 9 and 18 months later. MPO activity increased persistently in gerbils, but increased transiently in mice. While the levels of DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activity, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells increased significantly in mice, such parameters were attenuated in gerbils. On the other hand, the number of PCNA-positive cells increased after SS1 inoculation only in Mongolian gerbils, suggesting the enhancement of cell turnover in H. pylori-colonized gerbils. In conclusion, the SS1-induced increase in gastric mucosal apoptosis observed in mice was attenuated significantly in Mongolian gerbils, suggesting the causative role for the higher incidence of gastric carcinogenesis in this animal.