高中生亚健康状况与自杀行为关系

目的 了解城市高中生亚健康状况和自杀行为发生情况,探讨亚健康状况对自杀行为的影响,为中学生自杀风险评估和干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用自杀行为问卷和青少年身心健康问卷对安徽省蚌埠市3784名城市高中生进行问卷调查,运用多因素回归分析法分析影响蚌埠市城市高中生自杀行为的亚健康状况因子.结果 蚌埠市高中生亚健康状况检出率为52.70%,自杀意念和自杀未遂报告率分别为30.5%和3.5%;有亚健康状况的高中生自杀意念和自杀未遂报告率均高于无亚健康状况的高中生,差异均有统计学意义,且随着亚健康状况的加重自杀意念和自杀未遂检出率也逐渐增加;多因素回归分析结果显示,情绪问题、品行问题、社会适应困难维度和躯体活力不足维度为自杀意念的危险因素;躯体抵抗力下降、情绪问题、品行问题为自杀未遂的危险因素.结论 蚌埠市高中生亚健康状况检出率和自杀意念报告率均较高,亚健康和亚健康状况因子对高中生自杀意念、自杀未遂有显著的影响.     

Gender and Cultural Differences in the 12-Month Prevalence of Suicidal Thoughts and Attempts in Swedish and Turkish Adolescents

This study compared the prevalence rates of suicidal thoughts and attempts among 966 Swedish and 959 Turkish (N = 1925) high school students. Nearly equal percentages of Swedish (23.2%) and Turkish (25.7%) students reported having had thoughts of killing themselves during the past 12 months. Turkish students reported greater current suicidal ideation than their Swedish peers. Significantly more Turkish (4.6%) than Swedish (2.7%) students reported having made attempts to kill themselves during the past 12 months. The most common reasons for suicidal thoughts and attempts in both groups were psychological problems (feelings of depression, hopelessness, meaning-lessness, and emptiness).     

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychological Distress among Nurses in Public Hospitals,Southwest, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Study

BackgroundPsychological distress is a state of emotional suffering and also characterized by somatic symptoms. Health care workers more prone psychological distress than general population. However, little attention was paid on psychological distress among nurses particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of psychological distress and its'' associated factors among nurses in public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia.MethodAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1^st, 2018 to April 1^st, 2018. All 282 eligible nurses in the selected public hospitals were enrolled. Data was collected using the predesigned tool like Self-Reporting Questionnaire version 20. Data were entered using EPI INFO version 7 and was exported to statistical packages for social science (SPSS) version 21.0 for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was employed and variables with a P-value of < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.ResultA total of 282 eligible nurses were enrolled in the study with mean age of 28.71 [SD ±7.047]. The prevalence of psychological distress among nurses was 78(27.7%). Predictor variables like; nurses with job title of staff nurse, less working experience, poor interaction with staffs, fatigue, poor social support, perfectionism, and insomnia were more prone to develop the psychological distress.ConclusionThe study revealed that a considerable proportion of nurses had psychological distress. Therefore, it needs to develop psychological support strategies to improve the mental health resilience of nurses.     

Suicidal Ideation and its Correlates among Juvenile Delinquents in South Korea

Objectives

This study investigated suicidal ideation and its correlates among juvenile delinquents in South Korea.

Methods

Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire in 1682 juvenile offenders aged between 15 and 18 years in 2012.

Results

The prevalence of suicidal ideation in juvenile delinquents was 15.2%. Girls were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than boys (30.3% vs. 12.7%). Suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents who were not living with their family prior to entering detention centers (22.6% vs. 13.2%) than their counterparts. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with problem drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84], psychedelic drug use (OR = 2.04), feeling unhappy (OR = 3.05), feeling sad or depressed (OR = 13.37) after controlling for sociodemographic factors, other health behaviors and perceptions.

Conclusion

The present study provides evidence for an association between suicidal ideation and psychological health and health risk behaviors among juvenile delinquents. It also highlights the importance of mental health and behavioral interventions for this population to prevent suicidality.     

Relationship Between Current Sleep Duration and Past Suicidal Ideation or Attempt Among Korean Adolescents

Objectives

To comprehensively examine the relationship between current sleep duration and past suicidal idea or attempt among Korean adolescents.

Methods

Data came from the 2009 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 75 066 participants (with the participation rate of 97.6%) in 800 middle and high schools. Binary logistic regression was conducted by gender and depressed mood to identify significant factors for suicidal ideation/attempt. The dependent variable was the log odds of suicidal ideation/attempt, while the independent/control variables were sleep duration and other demographic, socio-economic and health-related factors.

Results

A negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation or attempt was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in Korea for Year 2009. The odds ratio of suicidal ideation/attempt regarding less than 4 hours of sleep compared to 6 to 7 hours of sleep, was smaller in a group with depressed mood than in a group without such experience, for example, 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 2.08) vs. 2.06 (95% CI, 1.34 to 3.17) for men''s suicidal ideation, 2.50 (95% CI, 1.69 to 3.69) vs. 3.89 (95% CI, 1.74 to 8.66) for men''s suicidal attempt. A negative association between age (or self-rated health) and suicidal ideation/attempt was also weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in the nation for the year.

Conclusions

There was a negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation/attempt in Korea for Year 2009 and this association was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience. Based on the findings of this study, adolescents'' better mental health and longer, more comfortable sleep might help to prevent their suicidal ideation and attempt in Korea.     

低年级大学生自杀意念倾向与生活态度关系的研究

目的探讨低年级大学生自杀意念倾向与生活态度之间的关系,促进对生命的尊重。方法对两所大学一、二年级724名学生进行了问卷调查。结果女生自杀意念的检出率为36.8%,高于男生的23.6%(X2=15.21,P<0.001);有自杀意念者(简称有者,反之无者)认为生命珍贵的65.1%,低于无者的75.1%(X2=7.56,P<0.01);在遭受打击易想到结束生命者为9.3%,明显高于无者2.6%(X2=15.64,P<0.001);赞同“什么都可以舍弃,惟独生命不能舍弃”无者与有者比较有差别(X2=14.55,P<0.001);有者“遇重大事件常有精神崩溃感”比无者出现率高(X2=34.48,P<0.001)。结论低年级女大学生自杀意念出现率高,有者对生命持消极态度。高校应加强对有自杀意念大学生预防性干预。     

铁路工地流动人口自杀意念和自杀未遂的影响因素分析

目的了解建筑工地流动人口的自杀意念、自杀未遂的出现率及其危险因素。方法采用面对面调查的方式对合肥市铁路施工单位943名在外施工的流动人口进行问卷调查，通过Logistic回归分析筛选其危险因素。结果自杀意念和自杀未遂终生发生率分别为3．18％和0．95％；多因素分析显示两者的共同影响因素为近一个月与家人的关系好坏。结论未婚、高中及以上文化、工作环境／条件差、与家人的关系差者为建筑工地流动人口出现自杀意念的高危人群，需投入更多的关注以预防自杀。     

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout syndrome among Nurses in Public Hospitals,Southwest Ethiopia

BackgroundThe Burnout syndrome has been defined as a response to the chronic work-related stress typically found in professionals working in care service organizations. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of burnout syndrome and factors associated with burnout syndrome among nurses in public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018.MethodAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1^st, 2018 to April 1^st, 2018. Total number of nurses who fulfill the inclusion criterias were enrolled. Data was collected using the predesigned tool. Data were entered using EPI INFO version 7 and was exported to statistical packages for social science (SPSS) version 21.0 for analysis. Logistic regression was employed and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used. Variables with a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 282 eligible nurses were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 28.71 [SD ±7.047]. The prevalence of burnout syndrome among nurses was 96(34%). Predictor variables like; educational status, job title, work experience, fatigue, and social support were found to be strong predictor variables for burnout syndrome.ConclusionThis study revealed that a considerable proportion of nurses had burnout syndrome. Therefore, improved educational status and strong social support should be encouraged among nurses working in the health setting for the betterment of health care services, job satisfaction and quality of care in general.     

Prevalence of Medication Non-Adherence and Associated Factors among Diabetic Patients in A Tertiary Hospital at Debre Markos,Northwest Ethiopia

BackgroundNon-adherence to prescribed medications is possibly the most common reason for poor treatment outcomes among people with diabetes although its rate is highly variable. Data on the magnitude of medication non-adherence and associated factors are scarce in the study area. This study aimed to assess the rate of non-adherence and associated factors among diabetic patients at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from June 17 to July 17, 2021. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected with a pre-tested structured questionnaire and entered into SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was utilized to determine predictors of medication non-adherence at a significance level of ≤ 0.05.ResultsA total of 176 study participants were enrolled in the study. About 59% of the study participants had type-2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications was found to be 41.5%. Male sex, rural residence, being divorced, being merchant, self- or family-borne medical cost, and presence of comorbidities were significantly associated with increased rate of non-adherence to anti-diabetic medications.ConclusionThe prevalence of non-adherence to medications among diabetic patients is significantly high in the study area. Public health measures should be strengthened to decrease nonadherence among diabetic patients.     

深圳市中学生自杀相关行为现况调查

目的 了解广东省深圳市中学生自杀行为流行现状及影响因素。方法 运用二阶段分层整群抽样方法,采用自编青少年健康知识问卷、儿童抑郁症状障碍自评量表、儿童期虐待问卷对于2014年11-12月深圳市3206名中学生进行调查,应用logistic回归分析中学生自杀行为影响因素。结果 有665人(20.70%)在过去12个月里有过自杀意念,有127人(3.96%)在过去12个月里存在自杀未遂;中学生自杀意念危险因素包括女性(OR=1.63,95% CI=1.32~2.02)、父母经常吵架(OR=1.99,95% CI=1.15~3.43)、和教师关系一般(OR=4.07,95% CI=2.29~7.23)、经常感到孤独(OR=3.66,95% CI=2.46~5.44)、被欺负(OR=2.51,95% CI=1.67~3.79)、抑郁症状(OR=2.66,95% CI=2.11~3.35)、被躯体虐待(OR=1.99,95% CI=1.41~2.81)、被性虐待(OR=1.73,95% CI=1.33~2.26),自杀未遂的危险因素包括和教师关系一般(OR=7.88,95% CI=3.98~15.62)、抑郁症状(OR=5.16,95% CI=3.31~8.06)、被躯体虐待(OR=2.78,95% CI=1.64~4.72)、被性虐待(OR=2.27,95% CI=1.43~3.60)和饮酒(OR=1.92,95% CI=1.23~2.99)。结论 深圳市中学生自杀相关行为较普遍,教师和家长应当在自杀行为预防方面发挥更加积极的干预作用,减少自杀相关行为的发生。     

Illness Representation and Associated Factors among Hypertensive Patients in Central Ethiopia

BackgroundIllness representation is an implicit belief system about an illness constructed by an individual to give meaning to their illness. An individual''s belief about his/her illness, treatment, and own control are known to influence an individual''s ability to cope with the illness and sustain the health-related quality of life. However, how Ethiopians perceive hypertension has not been studied well. This study aimed to assess illness representation and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Central Ethiopia.MethodA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four public hospitals in Central Ethiopia. A total of 989 patients participated in the study. The revised Illness Representation Questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Data were analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation with an ordinal logistic regression model and exchangeable working correlation matrix. A P-Value of less than 0.05 was indicated statistical significance.ResultsOverall, 64.3% (95% CI: 61.3, 67.4) of the respondents reported low to moderate Illness representation about their hypertension. Respondents who were housewife [AOR: 1.48, 95% CI= 1.05, 2.08], in older age category 50–64 years [AOR: 1.92, 95% CI= 1.19, 3.09] and ≥ 65 years [AOR: 2.38, 95% CI= 1.43, 3.96], and had no family support [AOR: 1.98, 95% CI= 1.44, 2.73] showed a significant association with Illness Representation.ConclusionThis study revealed that about two-thirds of hypertensive patients in Central Ethiopia perceived hypertension as a low to moderately threatening illness. Such low illness representation undermines initiation of treatment and effective control of blood pressure. Health care providers need to strengthen strategies that increase their patient''s illness representation.     

大学生自杀意念及其影响因素分析

目的 了解大学生自杀意念发生情况,探讨家庭关系、专业满意度、心理健康状况、应对方式等因素对其影响,为预测及预防大学生自杀提供依据。方法 分层随机抽取四川省成都市某大学大一和大二年级5524名在校学生,利用症状自评量表、简易应对方式问卷及一般情况调查问卷进行调查。结果 大学生自杀意念发生率为7.8%;有重大创伤(OR=1.524,P=0.001)、家庭气氛很不和谐(OR=1.826,P=0.029)、与母亲关系非常紧张和比较紧张(OR=4.301,P=0.004和OR=1.672,P=0.012)、专业不满意(OR=1.366,P=0.022)、躯体化(OR=1.617,P=0.001)、抑郁(OR=6.247,P=0.000)、敌对(OR=1.475,P=0.002)、精神病性(OR=1.531,P=0.020)、其他因子(OR=1.641,P=0.000)是自杀意念产生的危险因素,人际关系敏感(OR=0.674,P=0.014)、积极应对方式(OR=0.575,P=0.000)是自杀意念产生的保护因素。结论 自杀意念在大学生中有一定的发生率,社会和心理因素对大生自杀意念的产生有重要影响。     

抑郁症患者自杀意念的社会心理影响因素研究

目的探讨影响抑郁症患者自杀意念的社会心理因素。方法采用Beck抑郁问卷、主题统觉测验中国修订版（TAT-R,C）、汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、自杀态度问卷（QSA）、生活事件量表（LES）和简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）,对197例抑郁症患者进行调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探索自杀意念的危险因素。结果在197例患者中,1周内出现自杀意念的抑郁症人数为59例（29.95%）。主题统觉测验中的负性欲求（包括自我攻击、消极）、HAMD中认知障碍因子是自杀意念的危险因素。采取积极的应对方式、自杀态度的F1、F2、F4因子为自杀意念的保护因素。结论鼓励患者多采用积极的应对方式,能有效地降低自杀意念的出现,预防自杀行为发生。