冷冻球囊消融与射频消融对阵发性心房颤动患者心房重构的影响

目的:比较冷冻球囊消融(CBA)与射频消融(RFA)对阵发性心房颤动(房颤)患者心房重构的影响.方法:本研究选取在2014年5月-2017年5月于郑州大学第一附属医院因阵发性房颤行CBA或RFA治疗的患者.所有患者均于术前、术后半年、1年、2年和3年时行12导联心电图或24 h动态心电图和超声心动图检查.左心房电重构通...     

A multicenter prospective randomized study comparing the incidence of periprocedural cerebral embolisms caused by catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation between cryoballoon and radiofrequency ablation (Embo‐Abl study): Study design

BackgroundAlthough catheter ablation (CA) has become a standard therapeutic approach to atrial fibrillation (AF), it imposes a low but relevant risk of thromboembolic complications of around 0.5%–1%, including ischemic strokes, and has an additional risk of clinically silent cerebral embolisms (SCEs) of 10%–40%. Both cryoballoon (CB) and radiofrequency (RF) ablation are routinely used clinically worldwide, yet there are few prospective data comparing the incidence of cerebral embolism after CA of AF between CB and RF ablation.MethodsThe aim of the Embo‐Abl study will be to compare the incidence of cerebral embolisms on 3 T diffusion‐weighted image magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after CA of AF between CB and RF ablation in patients with AF in a prospective, multicenter, open‐label, controlled, randomized fashion. The primary endpoint of the Embo‐Abl study will be the occurrence of MRI‐detected SCE 1–3 days after CA. The patients will be registered and randomly assigned to either the CB or RF ablation group in a 1:1 ratio. The study cohort will include 230 patients with AF from a multicenter in Japan.ResultsThe results of this study are currently under investigation.ConclusionThe Embo‐Abl study will be the first to compare the incidence of periprocedural cerebral embolisms caused by CA of AF between CB and RF ablation in a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled fashion.     

峡部依赖性心房扑动对心房颤动发作的影响

目的观察导管射频消融治疗峡部依赖性心房扑动(房扑)对心房颤动(房颤)发作的影响,进一步探讨房扑和房颤的关系。方法86例房扑患者,其体表心电图均提示典型房扑,男性54例、女性32例,年龄50.0±15.6(11～74)岁,病程5.6±6.4(0.1～30)年。将所有患者分成A、B两组,A组为房扑合并房颤患者,共25例;B组为不合并房颤患者,共61例;其中A组同时合并房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)3例,房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)4例,阵发性房性心动过速(PAT)10例;B组合并房室结折返性心动过速5例,房室折返性心动过速7例。对峡部依赖性房扑者,线性消融下腔静脉—三尖瓣环峡部致双向传导阻滞;房室折返性心动过速者行旁道消融术;房室结折返性心动过速者行慢径改良术,阵发性房速术中持续或可诱发,予以射频消融。平均随访27.1±14.1(6～63)月。结果A组25例患者中,术后68%(17/25)患者不再发作房颤;其余8例仍有房颤发作,其中1例为术前同时合并房室折返性心动过速,5例为合并阵发性房速。61例术前不合并房颤者,术后随访中有16.4%(10/61)新发房颤。86例患者中,6例因病态窦房结综合征行起搏器植入术,随访未诉心悸、胸闷,心电图为窦性心律与起搏心律交替出现。结论房扑可能与房颤具有共同的发生基质,也可以是房颤的触发因素,成功消融房扑后可以阻止房颤的发生。但房颤发生机制多样,消融峡部依赖性房扑,仍会发生房颤,术前合并房颤或房速者是最强的预测因子。     

The effect of left atrial remodeling after cryoballoon ablation and radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

BackgroundCryoballoon ablation (CBA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are the most common procedures used to treat refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) and are performed through pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Studies have shown that CBA can approximately match the therapeutic effects of RFA against AF. However, few studies have investigated the difference between CBA and RFA of the effects on left atrial remodeling for paroxysmal AF.ObjectiveAtrial remodeling is considered pivotal to the occurrence and development of AF, therefore we sought to assess the influence of atrial remodeling in patients with paroxysmal AF after CBA and RFA in this study.MethodsIn this nonrandomized retrospective observational study, we enrolled 328 consecutive patients who underwent CBA or RFA for refractory paroxysmal AF in May 2014 to May 2017 in our hospital. After propensity score matching, 96 patients were included in the CBA group, and 96 were included in the RFA group. Patients were asked to undergo a 12‐lead electrocardiogram, a 24‐h Holter monitor, and an echocardiogram and to provide their clinical history and symptoms at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years postprocedurally. Electrical remodeling of the left atrium was assessed by P wave dispersion (Pdis); structural remodeling was assessed by the left atrium diameter (LAD) and left atrial volume index (LAVI) during scheduled visits.ResultsAs of January 2020, compared with baseline, at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after ablation, the average changes in Pdis (∆Pdis), LAD (∆LAD), and LAVI (∆LAVI) were significant in both the CBA and RFA groups. Six months after ablation, ∆Pdis, ∆LAD, and ∆LAVI were greater in the CBA group than in the RFA group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in AF/flutter recurrence, but the AF/flutter‐free survival time of CBA group may be longer than RFA group after 2 years after ablation. A higher ∆Pdis, ∆LAD, or ∆LAVI at 1 year after ablation may increase AF/flutter‐free survival.ConclusionsAlthough CBA and RFA are both effective in left atrial electrical and structural reverse‐remodeling in paroxysmal AF, CBA may outperform RFA for both purposes 6 months after ablation. However, during long‐term follow‐up, there was no significant intergroup difference.     

Clinical outcome of very late recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

INTRODUCTION: High recurrence rate is still a major problem associated with ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Most of the recurrences occur within 6 months after ablation. The characteristics of very late recurrent AF (>12 months after ablation) have not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred seven patients with drug-refractory AF underwent successful focal ablation or isolation of AF foci. After the first ablation procedure, Holter monitoring and event recorders were used to evaluate symptomatic recurrent AF. A second ablation procedure was recommended if the antiarrhythmic drugs could not control recurrent AF. During long-term follow-up (mean 30 +/- 11 months, up to 51 months), 70 patients had recurrent AF, including 13 patients (6%) with very late (>12 months) recurrent AF (group 1) and 57 patients (28%) with late (within 12 months after ablation) recurrent AF (group 2). Group 1 patients had a significantly lower incidence of multiple (> or = 2) AF foci (23% vs 63%, P = 0.02) than group 2 patients. In addition, the incidence of antiarrhythmic drugs use (38% vs 84%, P = 0.001) to maintain sinus rhythm after the first episode of recurrent AF was significantly lower in group 1 than group 2 patients, and the incidence of a second intervention procedure (8% vs 35%, P = 0.051) tended to be lower in group 1 than group 2 patients. CONCLUSION: The incidence of very late recurrent AF after ablation of paroxysmal AF is very low, and the clinical outcome of patients with very late recurrent AF is benign.     

Radiofrequency and cryoballoon ablation improve cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is considered to be the most common arrhythmia in the clinic, and it gradually increases with age. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that atrial fibrillation may exacerbate the progression of cognitive dysfunction. The current guidelines recommend ablation for drug-refractory atrial fibrillation.We aimed to prospectively analyze changes in cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation following treatment using different ablation methods.A total of 139 patients, with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, were included in the study. The patients were divided into the drug therapy (n = 41) and catheter ablation (n = 98) groups, with the catheter ablation group further subdivided into radiofrequency ablation (n = 68) and cryoballoon (CY) ablation (n = 30). We evaluated cognitive function at baseline, 3- and 12-months follow-up using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) test, then analyzed differences in cognitive function between the drug therapy and catheter ablation groups, to reveal the effect of the different ablation methods.We observed a significantly higher TICS-m score (39.56 ± 3.198) in the catheter ablation group at 12-month follow-up (P < .001), than the drug treatment group was. Additionally, we found no statistically significant differences in TICS-m scores between the radiofrequency ablation and CY groups at 3- and 12-month postoperatively (P > .05), although the two subgroups showed statistically significant cognitive function (P < .001).Overall, these findings indicated that radiofrequency and CY ablation improve cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation.     

老年心房颤动不同方式的经导管射频消融治疗

目的研究不同方式经导管射频消融治疗对老年房颤的治疗效果。方法53例房颤患者，男性38例，女性15例，年龄60-83岁。按接受不同的经导管消融方法将上述患者分为3组：消融隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性房颤组20例、消融典型房扑治疗房颤合并房扑组26例、消融房室传导加植入永久性起搏器治疗持续性房颤伴药物难以控制的快速心室率和（或）心力衰竭组7例。结果消融隔离肺静脉组中15例采用环状标测电极导管引导电隔离3～4根肺静脉成功，术后无房颤发作8例（53％），房颤发作明显减少4例（27％）；采用电解剖系统引导下环双侧肺静脉线性消融隔离肺静脉5例，无房颤发作4例（80％）。消融房扑组26例典型房扑均消融成功，随访中15例（58％）无房颤发作，8例（31％）房颤发作较前减少。经导管消融房室传导组7例全部成功，4例行右心室、3例行双心室VVI模式起搏，随访中生活质量和（或）心力衰竭症状明显改善。结论针对不同类型的老年房颤患者采用不同的经导管消融方法可以取得较好的临床效果。     

三尖瓣峡部消融对心房颤动导管消融术后复发的影响

目的:评估三尖瓣峡部消融对伴有典型心房扑动(房扑)和不伴典型房扑发作的心房颤动(房颤)患者术后复发的影响.方法:连续入选房颤射频消融治疗患者113例,根据有无典型房扑分为三尖瓣峡部消融组(CTI组)和未行三尖瓣峡部消融组(Non-CTI组),比较临床特征及手术特点,并随访术后典型房扑和房颤发生率.结果:Non-CTI组左房内径更大,持续性和永久性房颤的比例、左房线性消融的比例更高.而CTI组射频消融时间较Non-CTI组更长.术后典型房扑和房颤发生率2组无显著区别.结论:无典型房扑发作的房颤患者,不行三尖瓣峡部消融,不会升高术后典型房扑发生率和房颤复发率,同时射频消融时间缩短.     

心房颤动射频消融术后复发的相关危险因素研究

目的 分析心房颤动（房颤）导管射频消融术后复发患者的临床特点,探讨影响房颤患者术后复发的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2008年2月至2012年2月在南方医科大学南方医院进行射频消融治疗的房颤复发患者124例的临床病历资料,将上述信息作为房颤患者术后复发的预测因素.采用x2检验和t检验进行单因素分析,在此基础上进一步采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响房颤患者射频消融术后复发的独立危险因素.结果 本研究共纳入113例患者,射频消融术后随访时间（15.37＆#177;6.21）个月.33例（29.20％）患者出现早期复发,37例（32.74％）患者出现晚期复发.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,左心房直径变大（OR=1.190,95％CI：1.028～1.378,P=0.020）、体质量指数越大（OR=1.109,95％CI：1.001～1.212,P=O.009）、伴发睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OR=1.239,95％CI：1.079～1.423,P=0.002）是房颤患者消融术后早期复发的危险因素;消融术中采用电复律（OR=1.937,95％CI：1.314～2.856,P=0.001）是晚期复发的危险因素.结论 房颤消融术后复发率较高,左心房内径、体质量指数、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、术中电复律是患者术后复发的独立危险因素,加强术后患者的定期随访具有重要的临床价值.     

Left atrial pacemaker dominance after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

We report a case of left atrial dominant rhythm demonstrated by electroanatomic mapping. The rhythm occurred after radiofrequency catheter ablation in a patient with persistent atrial fibrillation and structural heart disease.     

导管射频消融治疗房颤时肺静脉电位振幅变化趋势的分析

目的 探讨肺静脉电位（PVP）指导的心房颤动（AF）射频消融治疗中PVP振幅（PVPA）与消融时间之间的关系以及不同类型AF在PVPA和消融时间之间是否存在差异。方法 连续选取2014年1月至2015年6月解放军总医院心内科住院且行肺静脉隔离（PVI）治疗的AF患者43例,按房颤类型分为阵发性AF组（n＝34）和持续性AF组（n＝9）,比较两组患者PVPA、消融时间以及术后12个月AF的复发率。结果 PVPA与消融时间之间存在线性相关,PVPA越大消融时间越长。两组患者在PVPA和消融时间上无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。持续性AF组复发率显著高于阵发性AF组（55.6% vs 17.6%,P＜0.05）。结论 在PVI治疗中,PVPA是指导消融的一个重要指标,但对于持续性AF患者除传统PVI外还应采取其他辅助消融策略,以提高其远期成功率。     

Pulmonary vein stenosis complicating catheter ablation of focal atrial fibrillation

INTRODUCTION: A recently described focal origin of atrial fibrillation, mainly inside pulmonary veins, is creating new perspectives for radiofrequency catheter ablation. However, pulmonary venous stenosis may occur with uncertain clinical consequences. This report describes a veno-occlusive syndrome secondary to left pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency catheter ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 36-year-old man who experienced daily episodes of atrial fibrillation that was refractory to antiarrhythmic medication, including amiodarone, was enrolled in our focal atrial fibrillation radiofrequency catheter ablation protocol. The left superior pulmonary vein was the earliest site mapped, and radiofrequency ablation was performed. Atrial fibrillation was interrupted and sinus rhythm restored after one radiofrequency pulse inside the left superior pulmonary vein. Atrial fibrillation recurred and a new procedure was performed in an attempt to isolate (26 radiofrequency pulses around the ostium) the left superior pulmonary vein. Ten days later, the patient developed chest pain and hemoptysis related to severe left superior and inferior pulmonary veins stenosis. Balloon angioplasty of both veins was followed by complete relief of symptoms after 2 months of recurrent pulmonary symptoms. The patient has been asymptomatic for 12 months, without antiarrhythmic drugs. CONCLUSION: Multiple radiofrequency pulses applied inside the pulmonary veins ostia can induce severe pulmonary venous stenosis and veno-occlusive pulmonary syndrome.     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated by pulmonary vein ectopic beats

Ectopic beats from the pulmonary veins (PVs) have been demonstrated to initiate atrial fibrillation (AF). This article describes the conceptual approach to mapping, interpretation of different electrograms, and ablation of AF initiated by PV ectopic beats.     

射频消融治疗老年房扑房颤患者疗效及安全性的评价

目的展望射频消融治疗老年房扑房颤患者的前景，评价其安全性及疗效。方法回顾3年来在北京大学第一医院进行射频消融的年龄在60～82岁的房扑房颤患者的病例。结果46名患者中1例因不能耐受未能继续消融治疗；20例房扑患者全部消融成功，成功率100％，随访1～30个月无复发；25例房颤患者消融肺静脉78条，以肺静脉电位消失为标准，成功率96％，随访1～30个月，5例复发，成功率80．0％。5例复发患者药物控制心室率；1例出现急性心脏压塞，治疗后好转。将该组并发症的发生率与同期在北京大学第一医院因阵发性室上性心动过速行射频消融的年龄16～60岁组并发症的发生率进行比较，差异无显著性。结论射频消融因其安全性、有效性，对老年患者可明显减少药物副作用，提高生活质量，可成为无禁忌房扑房颤患者的一线治疗方案。     

Radiofrequency ablation for cure of atrial flutter

Abstract Background: Atrial flutter is a common arrhythmia which frequently recurs after cardioversion and is relatively difficult to control with antiarrhythmic agents.
Aims: To evaluate the success rate, recurrence rate and safety of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for atrial flutter in a consecutive series of patients with drug refractory chronic or paroxysmal forms of the arrhythmia.
Methods: Electrophysiologic evaluation of atrial flutter included activation mapping with a 20 electrode halo cadieter placed around the tricuspid annulus and entrainment mapping from within the low right atrial isthmus. After confirmation of the arrhythmia mechanism with these techniques, an anatomic approach was used to create a linear lesion between the inferior tricuspid annulus and the eustachian ridge at the anterior margin of the inferior vena cava. In order to demonstrate successful ablation, mapping techniques were employed to show that bi-directional conduction block was present in the low right atrial isthmus.
Results: Successful ablation was achieved in 26/27 patients (96%). In one patient with a grossly enlarged right atrium, isthmus block could not be achieved. Of the 26 patients with successful ablation, mere has been one recurrence of typical flutter (4%) during a mean follow-up period of 5.5±2.7 months. This patient underwent a successful repeat ablation procedure. Of eight patients with documented clinical atrial fibrillation (in addition to atrial flutter) prior to the procedure, five continued to have atrial fibrillation following the ablation. There were no procedural complications and all patients had normal AV conduction at the completion of the ablation.
Conclusions: RF ablation is a highly effective and safe procedure for cure of atrial flutter. In patients with chronic or recurrent forms of atrial flutter RF ablation should be considered as a first line therapeutic option.