Bivalirudin versus heparin and provisional GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients treated for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarctions: Comparison of outcomes in a “real‐world” setting

Introduction

The beneficial effects of bivalirudin during primary PCIs are controversially discussed, data on unselected patients are rare. It was the aim of the study to compare bivalirudin versus heparin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) in a “real‐world” study.

Methods

From 05/2013 until 11/2014, the STEMI‐patients in the Bremen STEMI registry were treated with periinterventional bivalirudin; before and after this period the standard anticoagulative treatment was heparin and provisional GPIs.

Results

In 714 patients bivalirudin was used for PCI, this cohort was compared to 683 patients with heparin and provisional GPIs. In patients with bivalirudin a significantly lower rate of hospital bleedings was observed compared to patients with heparin (4.6% vs 8.1%, P < 0.01, multivariate HR 0.57, 95%CI 0.35‐0.93), in an exclusive analysis of severe bleedings a trend toward less bleedings was found in patients with bivalirudin (2.0% vs 3.5%, P = 0.07, multivariate HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.30‐1.42). The rate of stent thromboses reinfarctions and mortality was not different between the bivalirudin and the heparin group. During 1‐year follow‐up bivalirudin was associated with a lower rate of bleedings and no significant differences in stent thromboses, reinfarctions, and mortality. Bivalirudin was not associated with an excess of bleedings or stent thromboses in subgroups that are regularly underrepresented in randomized trials (older patients, women, cardiogenic shock).

Conclusions

In this “real‐world” cohort of patients with STEMI bivalirudin compared to heparin and GPIs was associated with less bleedings and no significant differences in stent thromboses, reinfarctions, and mortality during hospital and long‐term course.

     

Effectiveness and safety of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Introduction

Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) showed that glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) are associated with reduced adverse events following primary percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI). However, the external validity of RCTs is generally limited due to their restricted inclusion of patients. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of GPI, as adjuvant therapy for primary PCI in real-life patients with myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation (STEMI) from the general population.

Methods

We identified all published peer-reviewed observational studies enrolling STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI. We performed random-effect meta-analyses to determine the association of GPI with major adverse events.

Results

A total of 11 studies, enrolling 12,253 patients, were retained for this meta-analysis. GPI was associated with approximately 53% reduction in short-term mortality (odds ratio (OR): 0.47, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.32-0.68). There was a 62% reduction in long-term mortality associated with GPI (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.30-0.50). GPI was associated with a 62% reduction in 30-day re-infarction (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.24-0.60) and 42% reduction in 30-day repeat PCI (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36-0.94). A non-significant increase in major bleeding with GPI was observed with an OR of 1.55 (95% CI: 0.92-2.62).

Conclusions

GPI is associated with significant reductions in short-term mortality, re-infarction and repeat PCI, long-term mortality and an inconclusive increase in major bleeding. These results provide evidence for the safety and effectiveness of GPI as adjuvant therapy for primary PCI in real-life STEMI patients.     

A survey of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Canadian hospitals

BACKGROUND:

Historically, access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the treatment of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been limited in Canada. Recent studies have identified innovative strategies to improve timely access and reduce reperfusion time. Accordingly, the contemporary use of primary PCI treatment in Canada was ascertained.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey of all 38 Canadian hospitals that were capable of performing PCI procedures was conducted from June 2007 to November 2007. The survey focused on the practice of primary PCI for patients with STEMI and whether the hospitals had implemented internal strategies to reduce ‘door-to-balloon’ times. Analyses were performed at the level of geographical regions.

RESULTS:

Overall, 71% of PCI hospitals (27 of 38) provided around-the-clock primary PCI for patients with STEMI, but the proportion of PCI hospitals offering this service varied widely, from 33% to 100% across regions. All Canadian PCI hospitals provided around-the-clock rescue PCI treatment to STEMI patients who had failed fibrinolytic therapy. In terms of strategies that are associated with reduced reperfusion time, it was observed that only 42% of PCI hospitals (16 of 38) provided feedback on door-to-balloon time to the emergency department and to the cardiac catheterization laboratories within one week of the primary PCI procedure. Overall, 24% of the hospitals had not adopted any of the four identified strategies to improve door-to-balloon time.

CONCLUSION:

Although the majority of Canadian hospitals with PCI capability provide around-the-clock primary PCI for patients with STEMI, significant variations in this practice exist across the country. Canadian PCI hospitals have not consistently adopted strategies that are associated with improved door-to-balloon time.     

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Combination Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Tailoring Therapies to Optimize Outcome

Numerous randomized trials have unequivocally shown that fibrinolytic therapy in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction substantially reduces mortality when administered within 12 hours of symptom-onset. Although fibrinolytic therapy initially restores antegrade flow in the infarct vessel in the majority of patients, sustained tissue-level reperfusion occurs in only approximately 25% of patients. Thrombin and platelets are two additional constituents of a coronary thrombus that contribute to the tendency for vessel reocclusion after initially successful reperfusion. Therefore, adjunctive therapy with potent antithrombins and antiplatelets is essential in the successful treatment of a coronary thrombus. Recent studies including GUSTO-V and ASSENT-III have studied the use of combination drug therapy with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition and reduced-dose fibrinolytics in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. These studies demonstrated that combination therapy reduces reinfarction rates. However, this therapy is associated with increased bleeding complications especially in elderly patients. This article reviews the results and clinical implications of these major trials of combination drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction and provides recommendations for tailoring their use in clinical practice.     

Safety and efficacy of IIb/IIIa inhibitors in combination with highly active oral antiplatelet regimens in acute coronary syndromes: A meta-analysis of pivotal trials

The risk and benefit of GP-IIb/IIIa Inhibition (GPI) in combination with recent antiplatelet regimens in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remain unassessed. The advent of fast-acting highly active oral P2Y₁₂ inhibitors questions the additional value and risk of their association with GPI. We studied the effect of GPI in combination with prasugrel and ticagrelor, compared to clopidogrel on major bleeding in pivotal randomized controlled trials in the setting of ACS, using a meta-analytic approach. A similar analysis, further including the comparison of a double versus standard dose clopidogrel regimen, was performed for the risk of the primary efficacy endpoint. The combination of GPI and recent P2Y₁₂ inhibitors was associated with a similar risk of bleeding as compared with GPI and the standard clopidogrel regimen (RR 0.92 [0.74; 1.13]). The benefit of recent regimens, including double dose clopidogrel, in reducing the primary ischemic endpoint (RR 0.86 [0.78; 0.94]) persisted in those treated with GPI. Although GPI use was associated with a consistent increase in the risk of bleeding in both recent (RR 1.27 [1.05–1.55]) and standard regimens (RR 2.01 [1.64–2.47]), the relative magnitude of such an increase was lower in association with prasugrel or ticagrelor as compared with clopidogrel. The risk of bleeding using a combination of GPI and oral antiplatelet regimens is mainly related to the use of GPI and not the oral antiplatelet regimen. Considering the absence of increased risk of bleeding and the persistence of the benefit of recent P2Y₁₂ regimens in combination with GPI as compared with the standard clopidogrel regimen, the use of such a combination within the guidelines is supported by our findings.     

替格瑞洛用于老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊PCI治疗患者的临床研究

目的评估替格瑞洛用于急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年11月至2014年12月北京潞河医院心血管内科急性STEMI接受急诊PCI手术患者240例,分成替格瑞洛(n=94)和氯吡格雷(n=146)两组,比较两组患者急诊PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)3级血流、术后心电图ST段回落(STR)情况、出血学术研究联合会(BARC)定义的出血发生率、呼吸困难发生率、服药情况及停换药原因、院内和术后12个月主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率等指标。结果与氯吡格雷组相比,替格瑞洛能提高PCI术后TIMI 3级血流的患者比例(90.5%vs80.8%,P=0.024.)。12个月内两组BARC出血分级、呼吸困难发生率差异无统计学意义(28.7%vs24.0%,P=0.412;12.8%vs6.8%,P=0.121)。替格瑞洛组和氯吡格雷组12个月内停药或更改抗栓方案差异有统计学意义(P0.001),主要原因是医师更改抗栓方案、经济原因和呼吸困难(50.0%傩1.4%,P0.001;12.8%vs 1.4%,P0.001;5.3%vs 0.7%,P=0.025)。两组院内、12个月MACE差异无统计学意义(5.3%vs 5.5%,P=0.957;8.5%vs 8.9%,P=0.916)。结论替格瑞洛用于老年STEMI患者急诊PCI可改善术后血流,且不增加出血发生率,停换药的原因是医师更改抗栓方案、经济原因和呼吸困难。     

老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者介入联合替罗非班治疗临床疗效的观察

目的前瞻性研究老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(ASTEMI)患者急诊介入治疗早期联合应用替罗非班临床疗效的有效性及安全性。方法入选沈阳军区总医院2004年5月1日至2006年6月30日经冠状动脉造影证实为单支血管病变且行介入治疗的231例老年ASTEMI患者,年龄65～85岁,平均(72±9.3)岁,随机分为替罗非班治疗组(n=116)和对照组(n=115),对比观察两组术中靶血管开通情况、TIMI3级血流获得情况,术后90min内ST段回落情况,96h活化凝血时间(ACT)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)酶峰时间,术中及术后重要脏器出血情况,术后30d不良心血管事件、持续ST段抬高情况及左心室射血分数(EF)。结果两组靶血管经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)成功率无显著差异,术中及术后出血事件发生情况无显著差异;治疗组术中TIMI3级血流获得率、术后90min内ST段回落比例及30dEF值均优于对照组(94.0%vs83.5%,85.3%vs73.0%,65.3%±2.4%vs54.7%±7.0%,P<0.05),治疗组术后持续ST段抬高>0.2mV患者的比例明显低于对照组(1.7%vs12.2%,P<0.05),术后治疗组CK-MB酶峰时间较对照组提前(8.3h±0.6hvs12.1h±0.3h,P<0.05),30d治疗组不良心血管事件发生率明显少于对照组(心绞痛发生率2.6%vs13.9%,心肌梗死再发率0.9%vs8.7%,心源性死亡率0vs5.2%,P<0.05)。结论老年ASTEMI患者急诊介入治疗早期联合应用替罗非班安全有效。     

冠状动脉联合静脉对比单一静脉给药途径应用血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急性介入治疗中疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的：系统评价不同给药途径应用血小板糖蛋白（GP）IIb/IIIa受体拮抗剂在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急性介入治疗中疗效与安全性的比较。
　　方法：计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、VIPH和万方数据库,检索时间截止2014-03。纳入有关GP IIb/IIIa受体拮抗剂先冠状动脉（冠脉）后静脉给药组（冠脉联合静脉给药组）与单一静脉GP IIb/IIIa受体拮抗剂给药组（单一静脉给药组）的随机对照试验,由2名研究者对纳入文献进行评价和资料提取,根据Cochrane Handbook 5.0.2质量评价标准评价纳入研究质量。采用RevMan 5.0软件对数据进行合并。
　　结果：最终纳入20个随机对照试验（共包括2494例患者,包括冠脉联合静脉给药组1258例,单一静脉给药组1236例）。冠脉联合静脉给药组在经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）术后心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验3级血流、PCI术后心肌灌注分级3级、术后ST段完全回落、术后1个月主要心脏不良事件、梗死面积变化（P均<0.01）、术后1个月心绞痛发生、PCI术后1个月患者死亡、术后再次靶血管重建（P均<0.05）均优于单一静脉给药组,差异均有统计学意义。其中上述前5个指标有显著统计学差异（P<0.01）;而两组在术后1周左心室射血分数、PCI术后1个月再次心肌梗死发生情况、术后出血、用药后血小板减少相似,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。
　　结论：冠脉联合静脉应用GP IIb/IIIa受体拮抗剂可提高在STEMI患者中的应用疗效,而并不提高术后出血、术后血小板减少的不良反应,故可作为一种有效安全的给药方式用于STEMI患者。     

Risk stratification for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Acute coronary syndromes presenting with ST elevation are usually treated with emergency reperfusion/revascularisation therapy. In contrast current evidence and national guidelines recommend risk stratification for non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI) with the decision on revascularisation dependent on perceived clinical risk. Risk stratification for STEMI has no recommendation. Statistical risk scoring techniques in NSTEMI have been demonstrated to improve outcomes however their uptake has been poor perhaps due to questions over their discrimination and concern for application to individuals who may not have been adequately represented in clinical trials. STEMI is perceived to carry sufficient risk to warrant emergency coronary intervention [by primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)] even if this results in a delay to reperfusion with immediate thrombolysis. Immediate thrombolysis may be as effective in patients presenting early, or at low risk, but physicians are poor at assessing clinical and procedural risks and currently are not required to consider this. Inadequate data on risk stratification in STEMI inhibits the option of immediate fibrinolysis, which may be cost-effective. Currently the mode of reperfusion for STEMI defaults to emergency angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention ignoring alternative strategies. This review article examines the current risk scores and evidence base for risk stratification for STEMI patients. The requirements for an ideal STEMI risk score are discussed.     

Use of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition Plus Fibrinolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Pharmacological reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with intravenous fibrinolytic agents improves survival yet fails to achieve early and complete coronary blood flow in nearly half of treated patients. In principle, glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors, potent antiplatelet agents, might improve the efficacy and clinical outcomes associated with fibrinolysis. Preclinical research suggests more rapid and effective reperfusion with combined platelet GP IIb/IIIa inhibition and fibrinolysis. Early clinical studies confirm improved early patency and more rapid electrocardiographic resolution, but increased bleeding complications, with the addition of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists to conventional fibrinolysis. Future studies may combine reduced-dose fibrinolytic therapy with GP IIb/IIIa inhibition to optimize efficacy and safety.     

急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死直接经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术后早期ST段变化的意义

目的探讨急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮穿刺冠状动脉成形术(PCI)术后梗死相关动脉(IRA)完全开通、前向血流恢复后,早期ST段变化的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2001-01~12北京朝阳医院心脏中心收治的216例直接PCI后、IRA完全开通、前向血流恢复正常病人的临床、冠脉造影和心电图资料。直接PCI术后,ST段抬高指数≥50%的病人41例,为病例组。从其余175例ST段抬高指数<50%的病人中随机抽取50例,为对照组。结果两组病人的ST段抬高指数、Q波计数、室壁运动积分和平均肌酸激酶值差异有显著性意义(P<0·05);术后2周,ST段早期恢复较ST段持续抬高病人的室壁运动改善,左室射血分数(LVEF)、心排指数(CI)、每搏指数(SVI)增加(P<0·05)。ST段早期恢复合并心功能不全的病人,术后2周室壁运动增强,LVEF、CI、SVI增加(P<0·05),左室舒张末容积、左室收缩末容积减少(P<0·01)。结论STEMI直接PCI后IRA完全开通、前向血流恢复正常而ST段持续抬高病人的梗死范围扩大,左室舒缩功能不全严重,可能与心肌组织没有有效地恢复血流灌注或无复流有关。     

Intracoronary bolus administration of eptifibatide during percutaneous coronary stenting for non ST elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina

Background: Distal embolization of thrombotic debris may occur during and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndromes. This may lead to impaired microvascular perfusion, myocardial infarction and increased morbidity and mortality. In vitro studies suggest that high local concentrations of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor may be effective in disaggregating thrombus and thereby prevent microvascular compromise. We hypothesized that intracoronary (IC) administration of eptifibatide during stent implantation for unstable angina/non ST elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) would be safe and would lead to an acceptable rate of normal myocardial perfusion. Methods: In 54 patients with UA/NSTEMI, 2 boluses of 180 mcg/kg of eptifibatide each were administered via the IC route during PCI. Data were retrospectively collected and reviewed by an independent core laboratory. Results: No adverse events including arrhythmias occurred during IC administration of eptifibatide. There were no deaths or urgent revascularizations among patients treated with IC eptifibatide. One patient (2.0%) sustained a post-procedure myocardial infarction. One patient sustained a TIMI major bleeding event due to a gastrointestinal bleed. There were no TIMI minor bleeding events. Normal post PCI TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade was observed in 54% of patients. Conclusion: IC bolus administration of eptifibatide was feasible and safe among patients with UA/NSTEMI. Larger prospective and randomized studies are warranted to further explore the efficacy of this strategy. Abbreviated Abstract Intracoronary eptifibatide administration during PCI for UA/NSTEMI is feasible and safe.     

Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition using eptifibatide with primary coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction: a 30-day follow-up study.

The results of primary coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been reported to improve significantly with the concomitant administration of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor abciximab. There are, however, no data available with the use of eptifibatide, a more cost-effective, small-molecule GP IIb/IIIa blocker with a shorter half-life. In a prospective multicenter feasibility and efficacy study, we assigned 55 consecutive patients with AMI being taken up for primary stenting to receive eptifibatide just before the procedure (two boluses of 180 microg/kg 10 min apart and a 24-hr infusion of 2 microg/kg/min). Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 30 days after the procedure. The angiographic patency of the vessel with TIMI flow rates, TIMI myocardial perfusion (TMP) grade, and corrected TIMI frame counts were assessed at the end of procedure and before hospital discharge. At 30 days, the primary endpoint, a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and urgent target vessel revascularization (TVR) was seen in 12.7% of patients. The TIMI 3 and TMP grade 3 flow, which was seen in 93% and 86% of patient, respectively, at the end of the procedure, declined to 86% and 78%, respectively (P < 0.05) before hospital discharge. Corrected TIMI frame counts also decreased from 25.7 +/- 7.2 to 22.9 +/- 6.8 (P < 0.05). There were five (9.1%) instances of subacute thrombosis (SAT) presenting as AMI, needing urgent TVR in all, within 3-5 days of the primary procedure. No excessive bleeding complication, directly attributable to the use of eptifibatide, was observed. The study was terminated prematurely because of an unacceptable SAT rate. Administration of eptifibatide along with primary stenting for AMI is associated with a high TIMI 3 and TMP grade 3 flow acutely. However, these flows decline significantly before hospital discharge and lead to a high rate of SAT. The dosage and duration of infusion of eptifibatide in this setting needs further evaluation.     

Considerations in combination therapy: fibrinolytics plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction

The combined use of a fibrinolytic and a platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor to target the fibrin and platelet components of occlusive thrombi offers the potential for more rapid and complete reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), although there have been concerns about the safety of this combination therapy. Data from the recent GUSTO-V and the ASSENT-3 trials support the use of this regimen in that the 30-day death or nonfatal reinfarction rate (7 days) in GUSTO-V and death or in-hospital reinfarction or in-hospital refractory ischemia rate in ASSENT-3 were reduced (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001, respectively). The need for revascularization in both these trials was also reduced significantly. There was no increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage or stroke with the combination therapy, but an increased rate of nonintracranial severe or major bleeding was observed. At present, patients aged > 75 years should not receive combination therapy. Further studies in subgroup patient populations are warranted.     

Combined thrombectomy and intracoronary administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors improves myocardial reperfusion in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis

Background Suboptimal myocardial reperfusion is common in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Furthermore, it results in increased infarct size and mortality rates. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the role of aspiration thrombectomy (AT) combined with intracoronary administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) in the improvement of myocardial reperfusion and clinical outcomes. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating combined AT and intracoronary GPI treatment versus AT alone. Outcomes of interest were thrombolysis in myocardial infarction myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG), infarct size (IS) assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at short-term (≤ 1 month) and long-term (6?12 months) follow-up, and bleeding complications during the hospital stay. Results Eight trials involving 923 patients were included. Compared with AT alone, combined AT and intracoronary GPI significantly increased TMPG 3 flow (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.26), reduced IS [mean difference (MD): ?3.46, 95% CI ?5.18 to ?1.73], and improved LVEF (MD: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.54 to 2.33). Furthermore, GPI use decreased the risk of MACE at long-term follow-up (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.98). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of minor and major bleeding complications. Conclusions Our findings showed that compared with AT alone, combined AT and intracoronary GPI treatment resulted in improved myocardial reperfusion, better cardiac function, and MACE-free survival benefits at the long-term follow-up for patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI.     

优化急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗

对ST段抬高型心肌梗死实施直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗不应只是为获得TIMI 3级血流,而应是良好的心肌灌注。可通过上游使用血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂、他汀类调脂药,个体化正确使用血栓抽吸装置,必要时延迟支架植入等手段,优化直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术的效果。     

低剂量替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨低剂量替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者(≥75岁)急诊经皮冠脉介入(PCI)治疗中应用的疗效及安全性。方法前瞻性入选2009年3月至2013年3月因STEMI行急诊PCI的老年患者172例,随机分为标准剂量组、低剂量组及对照组。标准剂量组术前给予替罗非班10μg/kg在3 min内静脉推注,然后以0.10~0.15μg/(kg·min)静脉滴注维持48 h。低剂量组术前给予负荷量(5μg/kg)在3 min内静脉推注后以0.05~0.075μg/(kg·min)静脉滴注维持24 h。对照组术前仅应用基础用药:阿司匹林300 mg和氯吡格雷300 mg顿服。比较3组患者开通梗死相关动脉(IRA)后心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)及心肌再灌注(MBG)2~3级血流率,术后90min心电图ST段回落百分比(sum-STR);术后左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)的变化;术后主要心脏不良事件(死亡、再梗死、靶血管重建和脑卒中)及出血、消化道不良症状的发生率。结果标准剂量组和低剂量组的TIMI及MBG 2~3级血流率较对照组高(P0.05),标准剂量组与低剂量组间差异无统计学意义;标准剂量组和低剂量组术后90 min sumSTR50%比例较对照组高,标准剂量组与低剂量组无统计学差异;3组患者住院期间不良事件发生率无统计学差异;低剂量组的出血发生率低于标准剂量组,差异有统计学意义(6.78%比21.05%,P0.05),低剂量组和对照组的出血发生率无差异。结论在老年STEMI接受急诊PCI治疗的患者中,低剂量替罗非班在预防缺血方面的疗效与标准剂量替罗非班相当,但在出血风险方面的安全性明显升高。