食管癌细胞放射诱导前后化疗敏感性变化及相关机制研究

目的： 探讨食管癌细胞放射诱导前后对化疗药物敏感性及耐药基因ERCC1表达的变化，分析ERCC1的表达与化疗敏感性变化的关系。方法: 采用［60Co］-γ射线反复多次照射食管癌细胞株EC9706，建立放射抗拒食管癌细胞株EC9706-R。MTT法测定EC9706和EC9706-R对顺铂的IC₅₀,计算耐药指数。免疫细胞化学(SP)和RT-PCR法测定ERCC1蛋白和mRNA在2种细胞中的表达。结果: EC9706细胞对顺铂的IC50是(1.480±0.012) mg/L，EC9706-R细胞的IC₅₀是1.836±0.008 mg/L(P<0.05)，耐药指数为：1.240±0.015；ERCC1蛋白在2种细胞中染色强度指数分别为2.838±0.055和2.898±0.039，两者无统计学差异(P>0.05)。ERCC1在这2种细胞中mRNA表达的特异性基因条带与β-actin基因条带的密度比值分别为：1.168±0.068和1.143±0.089（P>0.05）。结论: 诱导建立的食管癌放射抗拒细胞较亲本细胞的化疗敏感性下降,而耐药基因ERCC1的表达水平不随细胞对放化疗敏感性的变化而变化。     

miR-24-3p靶向KLF6基因调控IL-6/STAT3信号通路影响食管癌细胞的活力和凋亡

目的:探讨微小RNA-24-3p(miR-24-3p)对食管癌细胞活力和凋亡的影响及机制。方法:以人正常食管上皮细胞HEEC为对照,采用RT-qPCR检测食管癌细胞TE11、Eca109和EC9706中miR-24-3p和KLF6 mRNA的表达,Western blot检测KLF6蛋白的表达。用anti-miR-24-3p和KLF6 siRNA转染EC9706细胞,MTT检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测检测细胞中与增殖、凋亡相关的蛋白以及IL-6/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白的表达,ELISA法检测IL-6的表达。双萤光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-24-3p与KLF6靶向调控的关系。结果:食管癌癌细胞TE11、Eca109和EC9706中miR-24-3p表达上调(P<0.05),KLF6的mRNA和蛋白表达下调(P<0.05)。敲减EC9706细胞miR-24-3p表达可抑制其细胞活力,诱导其凋亡,并抑制细胞CDK4、cyclin D1、CDC25A、p-STAT3、IL-6及Bcl-2的表达,促进caspase-3和Bax的表达。结论...     

miR-4746促进PRKACB表达上调并促进食管鳞癌细胞增殖

目的研究miR-4746在食管鳞癌中的表达及其对食管鳞癌细胞的增殖的影响。方法收集食管鳞癌患者的癌组织和癌旁组织标本,RT-PCR和Western blot检测miR-4746和PRKACB的表达,并分析二者mRNA水平的相关性。培养EC9706、HET-1A、TE-1细胞,并转染miR-control、miR-4746 mimic或inhibitor,RT-PCR检测PRKACB的表达水平,MTT法检测细胞的增殖水平。结果在食管鳞癌患者的标本中,癌组织中miR-4746和PRKACB的表达显著低于癌旁组织,miR-4746和PRKACB的表达水平呈正相关。在转染miR-4746 mimic后,PRKACB的表达上调,EC9706、HET-1A、TE-1细胞的增殖受到促进;在转染miR-4746 inhibitor后,PRKACB的表达下调,EC9706、HET-1A、TE-1细胞的增殖受到抑制。结论miR-4746促进PRKACB表达上调,并促进食管鳞癌细胞的增殖。     

Expression of cystatin C and its effect on EC9706 cells in esophageal carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the expression of cystatin C gene and its effect on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness of EC9706 cells in esophageal carcinoma. Methods: 56 cases of esophageal carcinoma were randomly collected from our hospital. Samples of human esophageal carcinomas and matched normal esophageal mucosal epithelium were selected by resection operation from these patients. Expression of cathepsin B and cystatin C in these specimens were determined by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Next, lentiviral vectors of over-expression and interference for cystatin C gene were constructed, and both were transfected into EC9706 cells, and then the levels of cystatin C mRNA and protein were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The effect of over and low-expressed cystatin C on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasiveness of esophageal carcinoma cells were detected by MTT assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay. Results: Compared with normal esophageal epithelial tissues, mRNA and protein levels of cathepsin B and cystatin C in esophageal carcinoma tissues were significantly increased (P<0.05). Lentiviral vectors of over-expression and interference for cystatin C gene were successfully transfected into EC9706 cells. Over or low-expression cystatin C had no effect on EC9706 cells proliferation but had a reverse relationship with the apoptosis. However, cystatin C over-expression significantly decreased tumor invasiveness (P<0.05) while the invasiveness of EC9706 cells was significantly enhanced by RNAi-mediated abrogation of cystatin C gene expression (P<0.05). Conclusion: Over-expressed cystatin C could inhibit the invasiveness of esophageal carcinoma cells.     

CNTN-1促进人食管癌EC9706细胞侵袭和迁移

目的探讨接触蛋白-1(CNTN-1)在食管癌转移中的作用。方法 q PCR和Western blot检测食管癌细胞系EC9706中CNTN-1的表达;RNA干扰和CNTN-1过表达质粒转染调整EC9706细胞CNTN-1的表达,并将细胞分为空白对照组、scrambled siRNA组、CNTN-1 siRNA组、pcDNA3.1-vector组和pcDNA3.1-CNTN-1组;Brd U和Transwell实验分别检测EC9706细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力;qPCR和Western blot检测基质金属蛋白酶MMP-2和MMP-9的表达。结果 CNTN-1在食管癌细胞EC9706中mRNA和蛋白水平较与正常食管上皮细胞显著上调(P0.05);转染CNTN-1siRNA后,EC9706细胞CNTN-1表达水平显著降低(P0.05),细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力显著下降(P0.05),同时细胞中侵袭转移相关蛋白MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显下降(P0.05);CNTN-1过表达质粒转染细胞后,EC9706细胞内CNTN-1表达水平上调(P0.05),细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力显著升高,同时MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显升高(P0.05)。结论 CNTN-1可能通过调节MMP-2和MMP-9表达促进食管癌细胞的侵袭转移。     

顺铂增强食管癌相关基因2蛋白对人食管癌EC9706细胞的增殖抑制和凋亡诱导作用

 摘要：目的:探讨食管癌相关基因2（esophageal cancer-related gene 2,ECRG2）蛋白联合顺铂（cisplatin, DDP）化疗对人食管癌EC9706细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:采用MTT法分别检测单用ECRG2蛋白和ECRG2蛋白联合顺铂对EC9706细胞增殖的影响;采用Hoechst 33258染色法检测二者对EC9706细胞凋亡的影响;Western blotting检测二者对EC9706细胞中p53蛋白表达的影响。结果:MTT结果显示,ECRG2蛋白可抑制EC9706细胞增殖,ECRG2蛋白和DDP联用后抑制细胞增殖作用增强,且在一定浓度范围内呈时间、剂量依赖关系。Hoechst 33258染色显示,ECRG2蛋白和DDP联合作用24 h后EC9706细胞凋亡数目多于单用ECRG2蛋白。Western blotting结果提示ECRG2蛋白和DDP联合用药较单用ECRG2蛋白明显上调p53蛋白的表达。结论: DDP 可增强ECRG2蛋白对人食管癌EC9706细胞的增殖抑制和凋亡诱导作用,其增强诱导EC9706细胞凋亡的机制可能与上调p53蛋白的表达有关。     

Significance of serum microRNA-21 in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): clinical analyses of patients and an HCC rat model

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with human carcinogenesis and tumor development. Moreover, serum miRNAs can reflect the level of tissue miRNAs and be potential tumor markers. Serum microRNA-21 (miR-21) is overexpressed in many human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how serum miR-21 changes during the HCC formation and whether miR-21 plays a regulatory role in this whole process are unknown. The current study evaluated the prognostic and diagnostic potential of serum miR-21 in HCC patients. Next, we established a HCC rat model and collected the blood and liver tissues at regular time points. AFP from the serum, RNA from the serum and liver tissues were collected and quantified separately. The results revealed that tissue and serum miR-21 was upregulated significantly in the groups of cirrhosis, early and advanced HCC compared with normal and fibrosis groups. The AFP levels were increased in early and advanced HCC compared with other groups. Then, the changes of miR-21 downstream proteins (i.e., programmed cell death 4 [PDCD4] and phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN]) in the liver tissues were measured. PDCD4 and PTEN expression was decreased gradually after tumor induction and negatively correlated with miR-21 expression. All these results suggested that serum miR-21 was associated with the prognosis of HCC; the changes in serum miR-21 were earlier and more accurately reflected the pathogenesis of HCC than AFP; therefore, it could be used as an early diagnostic marker for HCC. Our in vivo experiments further confirmed that miR-21 plays an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating PDCD4 and PTEN.     

Exosomal miR-155-5p promotes proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting TP53INP1 expression

Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) secreted by tumor cells plays an important biological role in tumorigenesis and development. We aimed to explore the effects of exosomal miR-155-5p in gastric cancer (GC) and understand its mechanism of action in GC progression. We isolated exosomes from the human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1 and gastric cancer cell line AGS, and then identified them according to their surface markers by flow cytometry. Later, we detected the miR-155-5p expression levels in tissues and isolated exosomes using RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-155-5p directly binds to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of tumor protein p53-induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) mRNA. We also investigated whether the miR-155-5p-rich exosomes caused changes in cell cycle, proliferation, and migration in AGS cells. In this study, we found that the levels of miR-155-5p were significantly increased in GC tissues and AGS cells, and that the TP53INP1 protein level was downregulated in GC tissues using IHC and IFC. TP53INP1 was found to be directly regulated by miR-155-5p following a dual luciferase-based reporter assay. After co-culturing with the isolated miR-155-5p-rich exosomes, the proliferation and migration capabilities of AGS cells were enhanced. Thus, our results reveal that exosomal miR-155-5p acts as an oncogene by targeting TP53INP1 mRNA in human gastric cancer.     

Bone marrow fibroblasts overexpress miR-27b and miR-214 in step with multiple myeloma progression,dependent on tumour cell-derived exosomes

Aberrant microRNA (miR) expression has an important role in tumour progression, but its involvement in bone marrow fibroblasts of multiple myeloma patients remains undefined. We demonstrate that a specific miR profile in bone marrow fibroblasts parallels the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to myeloma. Overexpression of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p triggers proliferation and apoptosis resistance in myeloma fibroblasts via the FBXW7 and PTEN/AKT/GSK3 pathways, respectively. Transient transfection of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p inhibitors demonstrates a cooperation between these two miRNAs in the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor MCL1, suggesting that miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p negatively regulate myeloma fibroblast apoptosis. Furthermore, myeloma cells modulate miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p expression in fibroblasts through the release of exosomes. Indeed, tumour cell-derived exosomes induce an overexpression of both miRNAs in MGUS fibroblasts not through a simple transfer mechanism but by de novo synthesis triggered by the transfer of exosomal WWC2 protein that regulates the Hippo pathway. Increased levels of miR-27b-3p and miR-214-3p in MGUS fibroblasts co-cultured with myeloma cell-derived exosomes enhance the expression of fibroblast activation markers αSMA and FAP. These data show that the MGUS-to-myeloma transition entails an aberrant miRNA profile in marrow fibroblasts and highlight a key role of myeloma cells in modifying the bone marrow microenvironment by reprogramming the marrow fibroblasts' behaviour. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

食管癌细胞表面DR5的表达分布与细胞铺展状态的关系

目的：探讨食管癌鳞癌EC9706细胞系细胞表面DR5的表达分布与细胞铺展状态的关系。方法：免疫细胞化学技术分析食管癌EC9706细胞的DR5表达分布；流式细胞术检测食管癌细胞表面DR5的表达及细胞的凋亡率。结果：DR5分布在食管癌EC9706细胞的细胞质和细胞膜表面，主要在细胞质，但在细胞核没有DR5分布，而且在悬浮的食管癌细胞表面DR5表达高于铺展者。悬浮的食管癌细胞对抗DR5功能性抗体诱导的细胞凋亡敏感性高于铺展者。结论：食管癌细胞表面DR5的表达与细胞铺展状态具有密切的关系，细胞铺展状态的变化直接影响细胞表面DR5的表达分布以及对抗DR5功能性抗体诱导的细胞凋亡敏感性。该研究结果对进一步探讨DR5表达分布的机制以及TRAIL和DR5的功能性抗体的抗肿瘤临床应用有一定的指导意义。     

雷帕霉素对食管鳞癌细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长及mTOR/4EBP1信号通路的影响

 目的 体内观察雷帕霉素对食管鳞癌细胞生长及mTOR/4EBP1信号通路的影响。方法 给BALB/c-nude小鼠皮下注射食管鳞癌细胞株（EC9706）,建立移植瘤模型,用雷帕霉素及顺铂对肿瘤进行治疗;用RT-PCR及Western blot等观察细胞形态及信号通路中各因子的变化。结果 与对照组相比,雷帕霉素对肿瘤生长具有显著抑制作用（P<0.05）,联合顺铂处理组的抑瘤作用更明显;雷帕霉素在体内降低了mTOR和p-4EBP1的表达,并使4EBP1的表达水平升高。结论 雷帕霉素在体内能明显抑制食管鳞癌细胞EC9706裸鼠移植瘤的生长并抑制mTOR/4EBP1信号通路的活性。     

miR-21在周围神经损伤时调控雪旺细胞凋亡

目的:探讨周围神经损伤时,微小RNA-21(microRNA-21,miR-21)与雪旺细胞(SC)凋亡的关系及相关分子机制。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测动物模型中miR-21以及人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因(phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN)的表达情况;通过将miR-21类似物(miR-21-mimic)、miR-21抑制物(miR-21-inhibitor)和阴性对照miRNA(negative control miRNA,NC-miRNA)转染入RSC96细胞中,构建出过表达miR-21的雪旺细胞株(MI-SC)、抑制miR-21表达的雪旺细胞株(IN-SC)及表达对照miRNA的雪旺细胞株(NC-SC);采用流式细胞仪检测3组细胞的凋亡情况;real-time PCR检测3组细胞中miR-21以及PTEN的表达情况;Western blot检测3组细胞中PTEN及凋亡相关蛋白激活型caspase-3(cleaved caspase-3)的表达情况。结果:神经损伤组miR-21的表达量与对照组相比明显升高,神经损伤组PTEN mRNA的表达水平与对照组相比明显降低;与NC-SC相比,上调miR-21组细胞的凋亡比例减少,PTEN mRNA及蛋白的表达水平降低,cleaved caspase-3的表达水平降低,下调miR-21组细胞的凋亡比例增加,PTEN mRNA及蛋白的表达水平升高,cleaved caspase-3的表达水平升高(P0.05)。结论:miR-21可能通过下调PTEN的表达抑制雪旺细胞的凋亡,从而可能在周围神经的损伤修复中发挥作用。     

TM4SF3 promotes esophageal carcinoma metastasis via upregulating ADAM12m expression

Esophageal cancer is characterized by rapid clinical progression and poor prognosis due to adjacent tissue invasion and distant organs metastasis at a very early stage. TM4SF3 (transmembrane 4 superfamily 3), a member of tetraspanin family, has been reported as a metastasis associated gene in many types of tumors. Herein, we described new properties of TM4SF3 in tumor metastasis, which suggested that this gene might be involved in esophageal carcinoma metastasis. Western blotting revealed that TM4SF3 was overexpressed in 57.1% (8/14) of esophageal carcinomas and esophageal carcinoma cell lines with high-invasive potential. Exogenous expression of TM4SF3 in two low-invasive esophageal carcinoma cell lines, KYSE150 and EC9706, significantly promoted cell migration and invasion. Upregulating TM4SF3 expression in EC9706 cells promoted xenograft tumor invading into surrounding tissues, enhanced lung metastasis, and shortened the lifespan of mice (median survival EC9706-TM4SF3 106.5 days versus EC9706-Vector 169.0 days, P < 0.0001) in a spontaneous metastasis model. Further studies demonstrated that ADAM12m was upregulated by TM4SF3 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. Abrogating up-expression of ADAM12m by siRNA significantly suppressed TM4SF3-mediated invasion. Together, these data from our studies indicated that overexpression of TM4SF3 in esophageal cancer conferred advantage to the invasion and metastasis of this destructive disease. Upregulated expression of ADAM12m by TM4SF3 might play a key role in TM4SF3-mediated invasion and metastasis. TM4SF3 and ADAM12m might be potential targets of esophageal carcinoma for anti-metastasis therapy.     

人食管鳞癌细胞系EC9706的建立及其比较基因组杂交分析

目的 以中国男性食管鳞癌为来源，建立一个可良好传代的细胞系，从而提价七个有用的体外模式用于食管癌的研究。方法 采用组织块培养法，以新鲜的食管癌组织细胞系EC9706，做了初步的生物学特性观察，并采用比较基因组杂交的方法进行细胞遗传学的检测。结果 食管癌细胞系EC9706生长曲线显示其生长良好，易于培养。传代时间为26h，平皿集落形成率为91．9％，且能够在软琼脂中形成集落。经异种接种到裸鼠中均形成移植性肿瘤，肿瘤的病理诊断为中－低分化鳞状细胞癌。比较基因组杂交结果得出染色体1p1,q2-4,2p1,5p,7p14,7q21,11q1,11q2,20q扩增，其中5p表现出高水平的扩增。而染色体2p2,2q2,3p,4,9p,14,18,Xq缺失。结论 建立的细胞系EC9706可用于研究食管癌的癌变过程。     

miR-204 inhibits invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting FOXM1 in esophageal cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous noncoding small RNAs, have been reported to play crucial roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancers. Deregulation of microRNA-204 (miR-204) has been documented in many cancers, but its role in the development of esophageal cancer (EC) has not been studied. Here, we reported the role of miR-204 in invasion and EMT in EC. We identified an inverse correlation between miR-204 expression level and the invasion and EMT phenotype of EC cells, and up-regulation of miR-204 inhibited invasion and EMT phenotype of EC cells. Furthermore, we showed that forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) was a direct target gene of miR-204, and miR-204 regulated invasion and EMT in EC by acting directly on the 3’UTR of FOXM1 mRNA and suppressing its protein expression. We also explored the anti-tumor effect of miR-204, and found that overexpression of miR-204 suppressed the growth of esophageal tumors in vivo. These findings suggest that miR-204 might be a suppressor of invasion and EMT in EC, which offers a novel potential therapeutic target for EC.     

Induction of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling by UVB in JB6 cells involves ROS-mediated MAPK pathways

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation plays a major role in the development of human skin cancer. The present study examined the alterations of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling in a mouse epidermal cell line (JB6 P⁺) post exposure to UVB irradiation. The results showed that (1) UVB caused PDCD4 inhibition in JB6 cells; (2) exposure of cells to UVB caused a significant increase of miR-21, the upstream regulator of PDCD4, expression; (3) both inhibition of ERKs with U0126 and inhibition of p38 with SB203580 significantly reversed UVB-induced PDCD4 inhibition; (4) ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine reversed the inhibitory effect of UVB on PDCD4 expression. The above results suggested that UVB induced PDCD4 inhibition, which may be mediated through ROS, especially endogenous H₂O₂ and p38 and ERKs phosphorylation. Unraveling the complex mechanisms associated with these events may provide insights into the initiation and progression of UVB-induced carcinogenesis.     

沉默miR-21对子宫内膜癌顺铂耐药细胞株Ishikawa/DDP的影响

目的:观察沉默miR-21对子宫内膜癌顺铂耐药细胞株Ishikawa/DDP的影响.方法:以Lipofectamine 2000介导miR-21抑制剂转染Ishikawa/DDP细胞株,同时设置阴性组和耐药组.采用反转录PCR检测miR-21、多药耐药基因MDR1、促凋亡基因Bax和抗凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达.采用蛋白印迹法检测多药耐药蛋白P-gp、促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的表达.采用噻唑蓝比色法检测细胞对顺铂的敏感性.采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况.结果:与耐药组和阴性组比较,抑制剂组miR-21,MDR1和Bcl-2 mRNA表达显著下调(P＜0.0l),而Bax mRAN表达显著上调(P＜0.00l);抑制剂组P-gp和Bcl-2蛋白表达显著低下调(p＜0.05),而Bax蛋白表达显著上调(P＜0.001).与耐药组和阴性组比较,顺铂对抑制剂组的IC50值显著(P＜0.001);顺铂对抑制剂组细胞的诱导凋亡率显著增加(P＜0.00l).结论:沉默miR-21可显著提高Ishikawa/DDP细胞株对顺铂的敏感性,并促进细胞凋亡,其具体机制可能与下调MDR1,P-gp和Bcl-2表达,以及上调Bax表达有关.     

胰腺癌细胞外泌体通过激活线粒体凋亡途径促进β细胞凋亡

目的:探讨胰腺癌细胞分泌的外泌体(exosome)对胰岛β细胞存活率和功能的影响及作用机制。方法:采用外泌体提取试剂盒提取小鼠胰腺癌细胞Pan02和MPC-83上清液外泌体,经磷钨酸染色后于透射电镜下鉴定形态;外泌体经荧光标记后与小鼠胰岛瘤MIN6细胞共孵育48 h,检测外泌体分泌水平和MIN6细胞的摄取水平;MTT和葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌(GSIS)实验分别检测各组细胞的存活率和胰岛素分泌功能;q PCR检测微小RNA-204(miR-204)和Bcl-2 mRNA的表达;Western blot检测线粒体凋亡信号通路相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3和细胞色素C(Cyt-C)的表达。结果:透射电镜结果显示2种胰腺癌细胞均能分泌外泌体,且Pan02细胞分泌更多。荧光标记的外泌体与胰岛β细胞共孵育结果显示,β细胞能够大量摄取胰腺癌细胞分泌的外泌体。MTT和GSIS实验结果显示,外泌体处理组的MIN6细胞存活率和高糖刺激的胰岛素分泌量显著低于未处理组(P0.01)。q PCR结果显示胰腺癌细胞分泌的外泌体富含miR-204,且外泌体处理后的MIN6细胞内Bcl-2的mRNA表达显著下调(P0.01)。Western blot结果显示,外泌体处理的MIN6细胞内Bcl-2蛋白表达显著下调(P0.05),Bax、cleaved caspase-3和Cyt-C蛋白表达显著上调(P0.01)。结论:胰腺癌细胞能够分泌外泌体,且该外泌体能够被胰岛β细胞摄取。胰腺癌细胞分泌的外泌体可以降低β细胞存活率和β细胞胰岛素的分泌功能,其机制可能通过外源性上调β细胞内miR-204的表达,进而抑制Bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白表达,最终激活β细胞内线粒体凋亡信号通路。