柴胡皂甙和甘草甜素抑制Na＋，K＋－ATP酶活性的构效关系

研究在离体条件下各种单体柴胡皂甙和甘草甜素抑制Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶活性的构效关系。实验结果表明，各种柴胡皂甙抑制Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶活性的作用强度依次为：ｂ１＞ｄ＞ｂ２＞ｂ４＞ａ＞ｂ３＞ｅ＞ｃ。柴胡皂甙化学结构中的Ｃ２３ＯＨ，Ｃ１６ＯＨ及Ｃ１１和Ｃ１３的共轭双烯可能对其抑制活性起重要作用。甘草甜素（ＧＬ），甘草次酸（ＧＡ）和生胃酮（１８β甘草次酸半琥珀酸双钠盐，ＣＸ）抑制Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶活性的作用强度依次为ＧＡ≥ＣＸ＞ＧＬ。研究还证明，柴胡皂甙ｄ对Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶的抑制为非竟争性抑制     

前胡香豆素对肾型高血压大鼠左室肥厚及心肌胞内钙、Na+,K+-ATP酶和Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的研究前胡香豆素组分对肾型高血压左室肥厚的预防和逆转作用及机制。方法用两肾一夹肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠(RHR)模型,测定前胡香豆素组分对其血压、左室湿重、心肌细胞面积、胞内静息钙及胞膜和线粒体ATP酶活性的影响。结果前胡香豆素组分(30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,ig)预防组及逆转组大鼠血压、左室湿重/体重均较肥厚组明显降低;左室心肌细胞面积、胞内静息钙均较肥厚组降低;对KCl致钙浓度升高亦明显低于肥厚组;两组均可增加心肌细胞膜及线粒体Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性。结论前胡香豆素组分可预防及逆转RHR左室肥厚,减少心肌细胞内钙含量,增加ATP酶活性。     

中药大黄的生化学研究ⅩⅫ蒽醌衍生物对兔肾髓质Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的抑制和利尿作用

家兔实验表明:大黄素、大黄酸以30 mg/kg的剂量灌胃给药,2～4h后尿量、排Na⁺和K⁺量达最高峰,比对照组明显增多。而芦荟大黄素和大黄酚的作用较弱。大黄素、大黄酸和芦荟大黄素对免肾髓质Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性有较强的竞争性抑制作用。     

α-青心酮对损伤的脑线粒体Na+,K+-ATPase活性和脑细胞耗氧的作用

目的研究α-青心酮对抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁诱导脑线粒体Na⁺，K⁺-ATPase活性和脑细胞耗氧的作用。方法采用无机磷法测定Na⁺，K⁺-ATPase活性,分光光度法检测脑线粒体膨胀和脂质过氧化物，氧电极法测定脑细胞耗氧量。结果在抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁的作用下，鼠脑线粒体Na⁺，K⁺-ATPase活性降低，线粒体膨胀和脑细胞脂质过氧化物升高。α-青心酮抑制其抗坏血酸和硫酸亚铁诱导脑线粒体和细胞的损伤,增加Na⁺，K⁺-ATPase活性，降低脑线粒体膨胀和脑细胞脂质过氧化物生成。α-青心酮还具有减少ADP刺激的脑细胞耗氧的作用。结论α-青心酮通过清除自由基和抗氧化作用保护脑细胞结构和功能的完整。     

四肽FMRFa对大鼠心室肌Na+/Ca2+交换的抑制

目的　研究四肽FMRFa对大鼠单个心室肌细胞Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换的作用。方法　用膜片钳全细胞记录法测定成年大鼠心室肌细胞Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换电流(I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺)和其他离子通道电流。结果　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺呈浓度依赖性抑制,100μmol·L^-1浓度时抑制内向和外向I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺密度分别达60.1%和56.5%,对内向电流及外向电流的IC₅₀分别为20μmol·L^-1和34μmol·L^-1。FMRFa5μmol·L^-1抑制I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺内向和外向电流密度分别为38.7%和34.9%,但FMRFa5μmol·L^-1及20μmol·L^-1对L型钙电流、钠电流、瞬时外向电流和内向整流钾电流均无显著抑制作用。结论　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞是一个特异性Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换抑制剂。     

人参二醇皂甙和三醇皂甙对兔纹状体ATP酶的影响

本文报道用体外给药法,观察了PDS和PTS对纹状体ATP酶(Na⁺、K⁺-ATP酶,Ca²⁺-ATP酶及M²⁺-ATP酶)的影响。结果发现PDS和PTS对Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶都有明显的抑制作用,且随PDS和PTS浓度的高低,其抑制作用增强或减弱;对Ca²⁺-ATP酶,PDS在10^-5g/ml时有激活作用,当浓度增高到10^-3g/mL时则转为抑制,而PTS仅为抑制效应;对于Mg²⁺-ATP酶能被PDS所兴奋,而被PTS所抑制。此结果表明PDS和PTS对中枢神经系统的作用,可能与其影响脑内ATP酶有密切的内在联系。     

KB-R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞Na+-Ca2+交换电流的作用

目的　观察KB-R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞Na⁺-Ca²⁺交换电流(I_Na-Ca)的内向电流成分和外向电流成分的影响。方法　采用缺血再灌时胞内Na⁺超载的细胞模型,在同时记录内向、外向电流的双向离子条件下,用膜片钳全细胞技术,记录I_Na-Ca的电流-电压关系曲线。结果　10^-6和10^-5mol·L^-1KB-R7943,在+50mV时,对I_Na-Ca的抑制率分别是29.4%和61.7%;在-80mV时抑制率分别是22.1%和56.9%。结论　KB-R7943对豚鼠心室肌细胞I_Na-Ca有抑制作用,但对外向成分和内向成分的抑制不具选择性。     

没食子酸丙酯对脑缺血再灌注所致脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:研究没食子酸丙酯对脑缺血再灌注所致脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:采用结扎双侧颈总动脉及迷走神经方法,造成大鼠脑缺血90min ,随后再灌注4 5min。结果:没食子酸丙酯能不同程度地降低脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织含水量和MDA含量,提高SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,保护Na⁺ ,K⁺-ATP酶活性。结论:没食子酸丙酯可通过保护脑组织抗氧化酶的活性,抑制脂质过氧化反应,减轻自由基对脑组织的损害,对缺血再灌注脑组织产生保护作用。     

间硝苯地平对老龄肾性高血压大鼠心肌和脑微粒体Na+,K+-ATP酶,Ca2+-ATP酶和Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响

间硝苯地平(m-Nif,ig20mg·kg^-1·d^-1持续给药9周)可显著降低老龄肾性高血压大鼠(RVHR)血压和左室重量(P<0.01),增高心、脑微粒体Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性(P<0.01),降低Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性,体外量效关系研究发现,m-Nif在较高剂量(10～1000μmol·L^-1)时可增高RVHR心脑微粒体Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性,且随剂量增加而增高。上述结果表明,m-Nif可改善老龄RVHR心脑微粒体Na⁺,K⁺泵和Ca²⁺泵功能。     

赛庚啶对离体犬心肌肌质网Ca2+,Mg2+—ATP酶活性和45Ca2+摄取功能的影响

当赛庚啶浓度在8×10^-6mol/L～2×10^-4mol/L之间时,该药对正常犬心肌肌质网Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺—ATP酶活性几乎没有影响,仅在10^-3mol/L时对该酶活性才有一定的抑制作用(抑制率为39.85%,P<0.01)。正常犬心肌肌质网的⁴⁵Ca²⁺摄取过程有明显的时间依赖性,至第30 min,其⁴⁵Ca²⁺摄取量可达312.79±22.25 nmol/mg protein.赛庚啶对心肌肌质网的~(45)Ca²⁺摄取有一定的抑制作用,其IC₅₀为1.94×10^-4mol/L。     

吡喹酮对日本血吸虫雄虫的Ca2+,Mg2+,K+与Na+的含量及45Ca2+在虫体内分布的影响

日本血吸虫雄虫在4℃或37℃的HBS及无⁴⁵Ca²⁺的HBS中经吡喹酮1或30μg/ml作用0.5～2h后,未见虫的Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺含量有明显变化,但除4℃的HBS组外,余2组虫的K⁺含量明显减少,而虫的Na⁺含量的增加则不明显。在含30 mM Mg²⁺的HBS中,雄虫经吡喹酮作用1h后,虫的Mg²⁺含量明显增加。在37℃的HBS中,血吸虫雄虫经吡喹酮1μg/ml作用5～60min后,虫的皮层胞质中的⁴⁵²⁺含量的百分比较各相应对照组的明显减少,而虫体肌肉的则相反。在4℃的HBS或无⁴⁵Ca²⁺的HBS中,吡喹酮对⁴⁵²⁺在虫体内的分布无明显影响。     

EFFECTS OF GENERAL ANAESTHETICS ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE Na,K-ATPASE OF CANINE RENAL MEDULLA

Several previous studies have reported inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity by chlorpromazine, phenobarbital and pentobarbital, thiopental, and monoketones. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of other general anaesthetics on Na,K-ATPase activity. The ATPase activity of Na,K-ATPase-enriched membranes from canine renal medulla was determined at 37 degrees C in the absence and in the presence of hexanol, diethylether, halothane, and propofol. The influence of hexanol on stimulation of Na,K-ATPase activity by Na+ and K+ was investigated. Hexanol, diethylether, halothane, and propofol inhibited the activity at 37 degrees C of the Na,K-ATPase of canine renal medulla. The IC50 values at 37 degrees C were: hexanol, 12.3 mM; diethylether, 170 mM; halothane, 7.35 mM; propofol, 0.127 mM. Hexanol increased the K0.5 of the Na,K-ATPase for K+ at 37 degrees C, but did not affect the K0.5 for Na+. At lower [K+] hexanol was a more potent inhibitor than at higher [K+].     

The relationship between Na+, K+-ATPase inhibition and cardiac glycoside-induced arrhythmia in dogs

Summary In order to determine if there is a relationship between Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase inhibition and cardiac glycoside-induced arrhythmia, the time course of the onset and offset of the arrhythmia induced by the semi-synthetic glycoside, actodigin, and the enzyme activity during arrhythmia and following reversion to normal sinus rhythm was studied in the intact, anesthetized dog. An infusion of actodigin (AY 22,241) at the rate of 0.1 mol/kg/min for 30 min induced a severe and persistent arrhythmia within 13.1±1.2 min in 9 dogs. Upon termination of the actodigin infusion, the arrhythmia spontaneously converted to sinus rhythm within 17.5±2.3 min. Left ventricular tissue was taken from dogs sacrificed at the peak of the actodigin-induced arrhythmic periods or from the dogs that were allowed to recover from the actodigin-induced arrhythmia. These samples were homogenized and the membrane-containing fraction was passed through a Millipore filter. The membrane fraction trapped in the filter was the assayed for Na⁺+K⁺ stimulate, Mg²⁺ dependent ATPase activity. The results showed that, in comparison to the time matched control dogs, the cardiac microsomes prepared from the arrhythmic dogs had a markedly reduced Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity. On the other hand, actodigin-treated dogs that were allowed to recover from the arrhythmic episode had Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity that was not significantly different from the control values.The amount of ³H-actodigin bound by the cardiac muscle microsomal fraction was also investigated. The microsomes from left ventricle were isolated with a slight modification of the method of Dutta et al. (1968). The microsomal binding of ³H-actodigin was maximum at 30 min (26.6 pmol/mg protein) when the sample was prepared from the dogs at the peak of the arrhythmic effect. However, the binding was significantly reduced (11.5 pmol/mg protein) in the microsomal fraction from hearts that had returned to sinus rhythm. These data provide direct evidence that inhibition of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and cardiac glycosideinduced arrhythmia may have some cause and effect relationship.This investigation was supported in part by the United States Public Health Services Research Grant HE 07051 and The Central Ohio Heart Association GrantA report of this study has been presented in the spring meetings of FASEB, April, 1974, Atlantic City, New Jersey and submitted by J. H. Zavecz in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Ohio State University     

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is an inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase by favoring the E1 conformation

Four catechins, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-gallate, and epicatechin, inhibited activity of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase. The two galloyl-type catechins were more potent inhibitors, with IC₅₀ values of about 1 μM, than were the other two catechins. Inhibition by epigallocatechin-3-gallate was noncompetitive with respect to ATP. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduced the affinity of vanadate, shifted the equilibrium of E₁P and E₂P toward E₁P, and reduced the rate of the E₁P to E₂P transition. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate potently inhibited membrane-embedded P-type ATPases (gastric H⁺,K⁺-ATPase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase) as well as the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase, whereas soluble ATPases (bacterial F₁-ATPase and myosin ATPase) were weakly inhibited. Solubilization of the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase with a nonionic detergent reduced sensitivity to epigallocatechin-3-gallate with an elevation of IC₅₀ to 10 μM. These results suggest that epigallocatechin-3-gallate exerts its inhibitory effect through interaction with plasma membrane phospholipid.     

Effects of monovalent cations on cardiac Na+, K+-ATPase activity and on contractile force

Summary The relationship between Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase inhibition by monovalent cations and their inotropic effect was studied in guinea pig hearts. The activity of partially purified cardiac enzyme was assayed in the presence of 5.8 mM KCl and either 20 or 150 mM NaCl. Rb⁺ and Tl⁺ inhibited Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity, the magnitude of the inhibition by these cations being greater in the assay media containing lower Na⁺ concentrations. Tl⁺ produced a dose-dependent inhibition of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity in the presence of 20 mM Na⁺ and 75 mM K⁺, a cationic condition similar to that of intracellular fluid. Other monovalent cations such as K⁺, Cs⁺, NH₄ ⁺, Na⁺ or Li⁺ produced essentially no effect on the Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity or slightly stimulated it. In left atrial strips stimulated with field electrodes and bathed in Krebs-Henseleit solution (5.8 mM K⁺ and 145 mM Na⁺), addition of Cs⁺ failed to alter the isometric contractile force significantly. NH₄ ⁺ and K⁺ caused a transient positive inotropic effect which was partially blocked by propranolol. The positive inotropic response to K⁺ was followed by a negative inotropic response. Rb⁺ produced a sustained, dose-dependent inotropic response reaching a plateau at 1–2 min, whereas Tl⁺ produced a dose-dependent positive inotropic effect which developed slowly over a 30-min period. The positive inotropic effects produced by Rb⁺ and Tl⁺ were insensitive to propranolol pretreatment. Concentrations of Tl⁺ and cardiac glycosides which produce similar inotropic effects appear to cause the same degree of Na⁺-pump inhibition. The onset of the positive inotropic response to Rb⁺ or Tl⁺ was not dependent on the number of contractions which is in contrast to the cardiac glycoside-induced inotropic response. Substitution of 20 mM LiCl for an equimolar amount of NaCl in Krebs-Henseleit solution produced a significantly greater inotropic response than that observed when sucrose was substituted for NaCl. It appears that, among monovalent cations, only sodium pump inhibitors produce a sustained positive inotropic response.