Die Einwirkung von Hitze und Radioaktivität im Böcksteinstollen auf das Reproduktionssystem der männlichen Ratte

Die im Böcksteinstollen natürlich vorkommende Radioaktivität von 2–6.10⁻⁹ Ci Rn/l Luft verursacht bei Sprague-Dawley Ratten auch bei Daueraufenthalten bis 6 Wochen keine gravimetrisch oder histologisch nachweisbaren Hodenschäden. In Stollenabschnitten mit erhöhter Lufttemperatur von 37° C kommt es jedoch schon bei 8–12maligen täglichen Aufenthalten von 60 Min. bei reifen und infantilen Tieren zu einer hochsignifikanten Reduzierung des Hodengewichtes und deutlichen Keimepithelschäden. Da ähnliche Schäden in Wärmeversuchen mit niederer Luftfeuchtigkeit erst bei täglich 1. 1/2 h Exposition in 40° C, insgesamt 11X, verursacht werden, muß die hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit im Stollen, die die normalen Kühlmechanismen des Hodens ausschaltet, als verstärkender Schadensfaktor angenommen werden. Der Streß der Stolleneinfahrt scheint hingegen bei der Ratte für die Spermatogeneseschädigung nicht wesentlich zu sein, da keine signifikanten Veränderungen der Körper- und Nebennierengewichte beobachtet wurden. Veränderungen der Leydig-Zellen und der Samenblasen wurden nicht beobachtet.     

Effect of Suppression of Prolactin on Gonadal Function in Immature Male Hamsters/Der Einfluß der Prolaktinsuppression auf die Gonadenfunktion bei unreifen männlichen Hamstern

The effect of chronic suppression of serum prolactin levels in immature male hamsters has been studied by injecting 15 micrograms of bromoergocryptine (EBC) for 20 days. A statistically significant decrease in serum testosterone, responsiveness to injected human chronic gonadotropin as judged by increase in serum testosterone and binding of 125I hCG in EBC treated animals was noticed. However there was no statistically significant decrease in testicular weight and serum prolactin was decreased only by 31% compared to the controls.     

The effects of dietary protein deficiency on rat testicular function: Der Einfluß einer proteinarmen Diät auf die Hodenfunktion der Ratte

Diets containing 0%, 5% and 10% protein were used for treatment periods of 30, 50, and 90 days respectively. Control rats were fed a diet containing 20% protein. Protein deficient rats failed to gain weight during the experiment. In addition, the weights of the testis, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle also decreased, with the 10% group less affected than the 0% and 5% groups. Testicular histology indicated retarded germ cell maturation in the 0% and 5% groups only. Overall testicular cell number and size were reduced in treated rats and there was a reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubule in these groups. Epididymal epithelial height was also reduced in protein deficient rats with a concomitant increase in the number of epididymal duct cross sections devoid of sperm. Protein deficiency caused significant reductions in testicular DNA, RNA and protein content. The proportion of motile epididymal sperm decreased in the 0% and 5% groups by 90% and 35% respectively. Epididymal sperm number decreased in both the 0% and 5% groups by 90% while the proportion of abnormal sperm increased by 65% and 61% respectively. Circulating androgen levels were also lowered by more than 50% on average in protein deficient animals.     

Effect of Selenium-Rich Wheat on Rat Spermatogenesis/Wirkung von Selen-haltigem Weizen auf die Spermatogenese der Ratte

Wheat cultivated in seleniferous soils of some districts of Punjab/India contained on an average 12.5 ppm selenium. These grains when fed for 4 weeks to laboratory rats, were found to cause reduction of testicular weights and interruption of spermatogenesis. Seminiferous tubules were severely affected and contained spermatogenic cells at different stages of regression. The population of spermatids was first to be affected as they showed clumping leading to the formation of giant cells. Interstitial tissue in the testes of rats fed on seleniferous wheat grains appeared oedematous and widened than that of controls. The results, therefore, revealed that selenium toxicity, in addition to its known effects in female rats, has an adverse effect on reproduction in the male rats.     

The Effect of Semen Processing on Sperm Morphology/Der Einfluß der Sperma-Verarbeitung auf die Spermatozoenmorphologie

Semen samples were obtained from 28 infertile men referred for AIH. The percentage morphologically normal sperm was assessed on Papanicolaou stained smears before and after semen processing. The percentage of normal sperm increased significantly (p less than 0.005). It would seem that the semen processing procedure increased the number of morphologically normal sperm, which could theoretically improve the results of AIH.     

Male Subfertility and the Outcome of Intrauterine Insemination/Der Einfluß männlicher Fertilitätsstörungen auf die Effektivität der intrauterinen Insemination

Seven out of 27 infertile women conceived by intrauterine insemination (IUI, 26%), one of them twice. Three other pregnancies occurred spontaneously after the discontinuation of treatment. A comparison of the data obtained from 65 treatment cycles revealed that the number of motile spermatozoa per ml of ejaculate and per ml of medium after swim-up preparation was higher in the ultimately fertile group as compared to the patients who failed to conceive. It is concluded that male subfertility affects the outcome of IUI unfavorably.     

Metabolism of Round Spermatids in the Rat: Effect of Gossypol on the Glucose Transport/Stoffwechsel der runden Spermatiden bei der Ratte: Der Einfluß von Gossypol auf den Glukose-Transport

Low dose of gossypol (5 microM) completely inhibited uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by rat spermatids. With gossypol 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport into spermatids increased curvelinearly for 10 minutes after the start of incubation, but reached a plateau afterwards, whereas without gossypol it continuously increased. The levels of fructose-1,6-bis-phosphate (FBP) and ATP were inversely correlated when the cells were exposed to glucose. However, in the presence of gossypol the levels of ATP and FBP decreased simultaneously. In addition, gossypol at 10 microM stimulated oxygen consumption when lactate was present. These results suggest that gossypol probably inhibits glucose transport into spermatids by lowering the ATP level by uncoupling respiratory chain-linked phosphorylation.     

The Effect of Non-Union of Testis and Epididymis and of Cryptorchidism on the Development of Epididymis and Ductus Deferens in the Rat/Der Einfluß der Separation von Hoden und Nebenhoden und des Kryptorchismus auf die Entwicklung von Nebenhoden und Ductus deferens bei der Ratte

16-days old rats were operated with either uni- or bilateral ligation of ductuli efferents and separation of testis and epididymis to the level of the inferior epididymal artery (non-union operation), induction of cryptorchidism or bilateral sham operation. The epididymides were weighed and the epididymides and deferent ducts were examined with light- and electron-microscopy at days 30, 37, 44 and 58. Bilateral non-union operated epididymides and cryptepididymides had a significantly lower weight increase than controls, but the histology and diameter of epididymal tubules were unchanged. This indicates a true growth retardation and reduced length of epididymal tubules of non-union operated and cryptepididymides. For bilateral operations a positive correlation was found between the weight of epididymis and plasma levels of total testosterone as reported earlier. Unilaterally operated epididymides had a weight development significantly below contralateral controls, despite normal plasma levels of testosterone. It is concluded that the reduced-weight of unilaterally operated epididymides is the result of diminished local androgen stimulation from the ipsilateral testis. Non-union of testis and epididymis may have pathogenetic significance in maldescent of testis by a retarded growth of the ductal system.     

Effect of Aldrin on Accessory Sex Glands and Plama Testosterone Levels in Rats/Der Einfluß von Aldrin auf die akzessorischen Geschlechtsdrüsen und die Plasma- Testosteron-Werte der Ratte

The effects of aldrin, an organochlorine insecticide, on accessory sex glands and plasma testosterone levels in rats were studied. The aldrin was administered i.p. for 13 days and 26 days at a dose of 150 micrograms/kg. Relative weights of prostate, seminal vesicles and coagulating glands were significantly decreased in the treated rats compared to those in controls. In addition, there was a significant fall in acid phosphatase activity in prostate and fructose content in accessory sex glands was also observed in treated animals. Plasma testosterone values showed a decrease with the duration of treatment. HCG supplementation with aldrin treatment prevented all those untoward effects of aldrin in experimental rats.     

纳米二氧化钛对雄性小鼠生殖系统的影响

目的:研究纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)对雄性小鼠的在体作用,主要观察其对雄性小鼠生殖系统的影响。方法:45只6周龄的雄性ICR小鼠随机均分3组,实验组隔日腹腔注射纳米TiO2(200mg/kg或500mg/kg),对照组注射等体积生理盐水,共给药5次。停药1周后,测量心脏、肝、肾、脾、睾丸和附睾的脏器系数,血清生化指标、睾酮和雌二醇水平;显微镜下观察附睾精子数量、活率、畸形率和睾丸内精子计数;主要脏器作病理切片和HE染色,TUNEL法检测睾丸生殖细胞凋亡。结果:与对照组相比,给药200mg/kg纳米TiO2组上述指标均无明显改变(P>0.05);给药500mg/kg组小鼠的心、肝和肾质量系数显著降低(P<0.05);丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶/天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT/AST)、尿素氮(BUN)均显著升高(P均<0.05);附睾精子数、精子活率以及睾丸内精子计数均显著降低,精子畸形率增高,睾丸生殖细胞凋亡明显增多(P均<0.05)。肝、肾、脾、睾丸和附睾的病理切片观察未见明显改变。结论:小剂量的纳米TiO2对雄性小鼠无明显影响,较大剂量的纳米TiO2对雄性小鼠肝、肾功能有轻度影响,对小鼠精子生成和精子功能有明显影响,并诱导睾丸生殖细胞凋亡。     

The In Vivo Effects of autonomic drugs and electroejaculation on prostate gland contractility in the rat/Der in-vivo-Einfluß von autonomen Medikamenten und der Elektroejakulation auf die Prostata-Kontraktilität der Ratte

The effects of various autonomic drugs and electroejaculation on the contractile activity of the rat prostate were registered in vivo by means of a video recording system. The changes in the glandular tone were measured by observing the modification of distance between two superficial paralel blood vessels used as references. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine and electrical stimulations produced an increase in the ronus. Since terbutaline had no effect, and phentolamine prevented the effects of both norepinephrine and epinephrine but propranolol did not, it resulted that contractility of the prostate is enhanced when the alpha-adrenoceptors are stimulated, and it is not affected by the stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors. The effects of acetylcholine were blocked by atropine, indicating that they are of the muscarinic type. The excitatory response of the prostate to electroejaculation appeared to be resistant to blockade by phentolamine and atropine.     

The Effect of Vasectomy on Serum Lipids/Der Einfluß einer Vasektomie auf die Serum-Lipide

The effects of vasectomy on serum lipids and free fatty acids were followed. The concentration of serum cholesterol was lower one year after vasectomy than one week after and immediately before vasectomy (p less than 0.01). The LDL-cholesterol concentration decreases by 16 per cent (p less than 0.01) within one year after vasectomy. The concentration of serum free fatty acids was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) before vasectomy than after it.     

早孕期补充戊酸雌二醇对雄性子代大鼠生殖系统发育的影响

目的:建立大鼠早孕期戊酸雌二醇用药模型,从肛门生殖器距离(AGD)、附睾、睾丸组织发育等方面评估戊酸雌二醇对雄性子代生殖系统发育的影响。方法:妊娠SD大鼠随机分对照组及低、中、高剂量组,孕6～15d每天分别给予戊酸雌二醇0、0.2、0.5、0.8mg/kg灌胃,分娩后正常喂养其雄性子代,出生3d、出生21d分别测量雄性子代AGD,出生60d测量附睾、睾丸的脏器系数(附睾、睾丸重量g/大鼠体重100g),进行睾丸组织学切片观察生精小管的形态学变化,测量生精小管直径和上皮高度。结果:对照组及各给药组雄性子代出生3d、出生21d的AGD比较,无明显差异(P>0.05);对照组及各给药组子代出生60d的附睾、睾丸脏器系数比较、睾丸生精小管直径及上皮高度比较,均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:早孕期大鼠补充一定剂量(0.2～0.8mg/kg)戊酸雌二醇,出生的雄性子代在生殖系统发育上未受明显影响,性成熟期的睾丸组织学未见明显改变。     

壬基酚对雄性动物生殖系统的影响

壬基酚 (NP)是一种环境内分泌干扰物 (EDs) ,而EDs已成为当前环境医学领域的研究重点之一。壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚 (NPEs)作为非离子表面活性剂被广泛用于工业生产及家庭洗涤。NPEs经生物降解转化为NP ,后者可能通过雌激素效应或毒性作用对雄性动物的生殖系统产生有害影响。本文就当前NP的研究进展及本实验室的研究动态进行总结 ,评估NPEs类物质对雄性动物生殖系统的危害 ,为限制这类化合物的使用提供依据     

Effect of Cyproterone Acetate in Comparison to Flutamide on the Ventral Prostate of Adult Male Castrated Copenhagen-Fisher Rats and on Dunning R-3327 H Tumors/Der Einfluß von Cyproteron-Acetat im Vergleich zu Flutamid auf die ventrale Prostata der erwachsenen kastrierten Ratte (Copenhagen-Fisher-Ratte und Dunning R-3327 H-Tumor)

In this investigation the effect of CPA was tested in comparison to FL after the procedure of double blinding on the ventral prostate of 70 adult male castrated Copenhagen-Fisher rats and on the Dunning R-3327 H tumor. Total androgen blockade by castration plus CPA or by castration plus FL induced significant decrease in prostate weight compared to the androgen deprivation by castration alone. No significant difference between CPA and FL was observed. Furthermore it was impossible to exaggerate this effect with higher doses of CPA of FL. The Dunning R-3327 H tumor did not become palpable 60 days after inoculation of the tumor cells indicating that androgen deprivation by total androgen blockade by castration plus CPA or plus FL did not exhibit any proliferative activity on the hormone-sensitive Dunning R-3327 H tumor cells.     

Immunohistochemical Localization of Neuropeptide Y in Nerves of the Male Genital Tract of the Photoperiodically Responsive Djungarian Hamster, Phodopus Sungoras/Immunhistochemische Lokalisation von Neuropeptid Y in Nerven der männlichen Genitalorgane des photoperiodisch sensiblen Djungarischen Zwerghamsters, Phodopus sungorus

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in nerves of the male genital tract of Phodopus sungorus at long (LD 16:8) und short (LD 8:16) photoperiods. No immunoreactive nerve fibres could be demonstrated in the testis, caput and corpus epididymidis and the ventral prostate gland. Dense networks of NPY-containing nerve fibers were demonstrated in the smooth muscle layer of the sperm-transporting duct, beginning in the cauda epididymidis with increasing density towards the distal part of the ductus deferens, and in the smooth muscle layer of the seminal vesicles. At short photoperiods, the density of the NPY-containing nerve plexus decreased only in the smooth muscle layer of the ductus deferens. A "trophic" influence of the large smooth muscle cells of the ductus deferens on their nerves not only in regard to their noradrenaline, but also on their NPY content is discussed.     

The Effects of β-adrenergic Drugs on the Human Sperm Motility in Vitro. II. The Effects of Isoprenaline and Fenoterol/Einfluß der β-adrenergischen Arzneimittel auf die Motilität des menschlichen Samens unter den in vitro-Bedingungen. II. Einfluß von Isoprenalin und Fenoterol

Thirty semen samples from men with asthenozoospermia were divided into three groups. 0.025 mM of Isoprenaline and 0.65 x 10(-2) mM Fenoterol were added to the first group, a double dose to the second one and five times higher dose to the last one. The lowest concentration used in our experiment results from the applied intravenous therapeutic doses for people. The sperm motility was evaluated under phase-contrast microscope in the 5, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minute of the experiment. The lowest doses of both drugs were most active in relation to the sperm motility in 120 minute after their administration, but the effect appeared to be much higher for Isoprenaline. Isoprenaline resulted in the higher increase of the sperm motility after the addition of the double dose in 240 Minute of the experiment. The effects of the applied B-adrenergic drugs on the sperm motility were discussed.     

Lichtmikroskopischer Nachweis von Lektin-Rezeptoren an der Oberfläche humaner Spermatozoen/Demonstration of Lectin-receptors on the Surface of Human Spermatozoa by Light-microscopy

The topography of lectin binding sites on human spermatozoa has been examined by using particular series of peroxydase labeled lectin-konjugates (GS-1, GS-2, WGA, PNA, SBA, DBA, BPA, MPA, UEA-1, LPA, Con-A) which demonstrated typical patterns of lectin-receptor distributions concerning acrosomal and equatorial as well as postacrosomal areas.     

Influence of an Aromatase Inhibitor (4-Acetoxy-4-Androstene-3,17-Dione) on Experimentally Induced Impairment of Spermatogenesis in Immature Rats/Einfluß eines Aromatasehemmers (4-Acetoxy-4-Androsten-3,17-dion) auf die experimentell induzierte Hemmung der Spermatogenese bei immaturen Ratten

Subcutaneous treatment of immature male rats with an estrogen precursor, 19-hydroxy-testosterone (19-OHT), at a daily dose of 1 mg/animal for 14 days leads to a significant decrease in the weight of testis, ventral prostate and seminal vesicle. The peripheral levels of LH are lowered. Testicular histology indicates that the effects of 19-OHT are very similar to the known of effect induced by estradiol-17 beta. 19OHT induces a marked impairment of spermato- and spermiogenesis. The maturation division is completely inhibited. The effect of 19-OHT on spermatogenesis is partially reversed by concomitant administration of an aromatase inhibitor (4-acetoxy-4-androstene-3.17-dione, (4-AA] at a dose of 1 mg/animal/day s.c. Meiotic activity is restored, and the weights of genital organs and the serum LH values increase. 4-AA alone has no appreciable effect on the parameters examined in this study. The present results suggest that specific inhibitors of estrogen biosynthesis might not only be useful to investigate the patho-physiological role of estrogens on spermatogenesis, but also be suitable to some extent for the treatment of estrogen-induced infertility in men suffering from idiopathic oligozoospermia.     

Effects of Prolactin and Bromocriptine on Physiological Status of Testis of the Musk Shrew (Suncus murinus L.)/Der Einfluß von Prolaktin und Bromocriptin auf den physiologischen Status des Hodens der Moschusspitzmaus (Suncus Murinus L.)

This investigation was undertaken to study the effects of prolactin and bromocriptine on the testis of the musk shrew. None of these treatments had any effect on the weight of testis or on the accessory sex organs. Treatment of prolactin or bromocriptine failed to induce any change in esterified and free cholesterol content of the testis. No significant alterations were also recorded in the levels of macromolecules and in the levels of enzymes of the testis and the prostate gland. On the other hand, bromocriptine treatment resulted in an increase in the activity of Mg2+-ATPase and phospholipid:DNA ratio of the testis with a concomitant decrease in its DNA content. The absence of any change in the content of fructose in the ampullary gland, in the activity of beta-glucuronidase of the kidney, in cholesterol content of the testis, in diameters of seminiferous tubule and Leydig cell nucleus, in activities of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase of the testis and in the weight of accessory sex organs of prolactin and bromocriptine treated musk shrews suggests that prolactin does not play a significant role in regulating the testicular function of the musk shrew.