Effect of trifluoperazine on transmission of excitation in the rabbit brain during its prolonged administration

Cortical unit responses to electrical stimulation of neighboring areas were studied in experiments on waking rabbits treated with trifluoperazine in a dose of 1 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks. Measurement of dispersion of poststimulus histograms showed a decrease in the magnitude and duration of cortical unit responses after stimulation under the influence of trifluoperazine. The effect of trifluoperazine is examined from the point of view of impairment of impulse conduction in neuron nets.Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 8, pp. 63–66, August, 1975.     

Immunochemical analysis of glial and neuronal fractions of rat brain

A method of obtaining antineuronal and antiglial immune sera is described. The results of a quantitative immunochemical analysis of antigens of neuronal and glial fractions of rat brain are given. Neurons were shown to contain four, and glia three brain-specific proteins; in addition, one or two proteins are common to these cellular fractions.Department of Normal Physiology, Moscow Medical Stomatological Institute. Course of Physiology, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 156–158, February, 1977.     

Antiarrhythmic effect ofRodiola rosea and its possible mechanism

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 8, pp. 175–176, August, 1993     

Effect of chlorophos (dipterex,trichlorphon) on high-threshold potassium and calcium channels of the neuronal membrane

The effect of chlorophos (dipterex, trichlorphon) on high-threshold potassium and calcium currents is studied on isolated snail neurons using the patch-clamp technique. Chlorophos (10–1000 μmol/liter) is found to reversibly lower the peak amplitude of a high-threshold potassium current by 30% on average and exerts two independent effects on a high-threshold calcium current: reversible lowering of the peak amplitude by 35% on average and, in 30% of cases, reversible inhibition of its activation, inactivation, and deactivation. this effect is abolished by adding diltiazem (a calcium channel antagonist) in a concentration of 100 μmol/liter to the medium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 1, pp. 59–62, January, 1996 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Vestibuloprotective and antiamnestic properties of adrenocorticotropic hormone fragments and their analogs

It is established that low-intensity electromagnetic waves of superhigh frequency and motion sickness induce in rats a retrograde amnesia revealed in the passive avoidance test. Fragments of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (4–10) and (5–10), ORG-2766 [ACTH (4–9) analog], and a domestic ACTH (4–10) analog, ACTH (4–7)-Pro-Gly-Pro (semax), in doses of 0.05–0.1 mg/kg significantly weaken the anamnestic effect of both extreme factors. Semax and ORG-2766 also possess a marked anti-motion sickness activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, Nulo 6, pp. 634–636, June, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Informational capacity of the rat sensorimotor cortex in the postresuscitation period (morphometric analysis of a neuronal population)

The number of neurons was counted in different functional neuronal complexes of the sensorimotor cortex in albino rats in the control and at different times after clinical death caused by asphyxia. A decrease of the number of neurons from 2.5×10⁶ in the control to 1.56×10⁶ toward the 30th day of the postresuscitation period was found in the sensorimotor cortex. The complexes of small neurons in the upper floor (layers II–IV) suffer badly, while the neurons of layer VI are damaged to a somewhat lesser degree and the cells of layer V are minimally altered. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 331–333, March, 1995 Presented by L. V. Poluektov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effects of the nootropics piracetam and GVS-111 on voltage-dependent ion channels of neuronal membranes

The effect of two nootropics, piracetam and N-phenylacetyl-L-prolyglycine ethyl ester (GVS-111), is studied by measuring high-threshold K⁺ and Ca²⁺ currents in isolated snail neurons using a two-microelectrode patch-clamp technique. Piracetam and GVS-111 are shown to reduce the amplitude of both the K⁺ and the Ca²⁺ (to a lesser extent) current. The threshold concentrations for GVS-111 and piracetam are 10⁻⁹-10⁻⁸ M and 1–5×10⁻⁴ M, respectively. It is assumed that the antiamnestic effect of the nootropics is partially mediated by a blockade of ion channels of the neuronal membrane. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 151–155, February, 1996 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Vestibuloprotective activity of seal serum proteins

Cat and rat experiments show that the protein fraction isolated from blood serum of the Greenland seal has a protective activity against motion sickness. This activity is comparable to that of the classical vestibuloprotector scopolamine and is greater than that of diprazine. Radioligand assay of the receptor binding showed that the serum protein fraction has the highest affinity for α₂-adrenoceptors, μ-opioid, and benzodiazepine receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol 117, N ^o 4, pp. 444–445, April, 1994     

Cerebroprotective effects of diquertin and ascorbic acid

Electron microscopy and electrophysiological studies revealed pronounced structural and functional changes in the brain cortex in rats with experimental cerebral ischemia. Repeated administration of diquertin and ascorbic acid significantly attenuates ischemic damage induced by circulatory disturbances. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 543–547, November, 2000     

A mechanism of antiarrhythmic effect ofRhodiola Rosea

It is shown that autonomic nervous system participates in the preventive antiarrhythmic effect ofRhodiola rosea. The effect of the preparation is presumably mediated through modulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp. 424–426, April, 1998     

Study of frequency potentiation mechanisms of cAMP-dependent responses of snail neurons

Translated fromByulleten' Experimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, No. 1, pp. 13–15, January, 1993     

Solcoseryl: Ulcerostatic effect and its possible mechanisms

Translated fromByulleten' Experimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, No. 1, pp. 49–51, January, 1993     

Oxyferriscorbone: Ulcerostatic effect and its possible mechanisms

It is found that oxyferriscorbone inhibits free-radical lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and gastric tissue. Interaction of the drug with modeled membranes is demonstrated. It is suggested that this effect underlies the mechanism of its ulcerostatic action. Translated fromByulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 490–493, May, 1994     

The calcium channel antagonist diltiazem effectively blocks two types of potassium channels in the neuronal membranes

Effect of the Ca²⁺-channel antagonist diltiazem on potential-operated Ca²⁺ and K⁺ currents was studied on isolated edible snail neurons by a two-microelectrode patch-clamp technique. Diltiazem in a concentration of 0.1 mM inhibits Ca²⁺ current, high-threshold Ca²⁺-dependent K⁺ current, and Ca²⁺-independent K⁺ current and has no effect on low-threshold K⁺ current and leakage current. It is suggested that therapeutic effect of diltiazem is mediated through blockade of Ca²⁺ and K⁺ channels. Tranlated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 9, pp. 271–274. September, 1997     

Characteristics of the septohippocampal cholinergic GABA-ergic neurons using retrograde marker and immunochemical tests

It is shown that a large number of immunopositive neurons possess hippocampal projections; there are many immunonegative cells on sections as well. The correlation between choline acetyltransferase-and parvalbumin-positive neurons and retrograde and double-labeled neurons is demonstrated to be much the same, thus favoring the method used. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 143–145, February, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Individual resistance of the organism and nerve cell to hypoxia

The correlation between the pattern of a neuron's reaction to acute hypoxia and individual resistance to oxygen deficit is studied on ratsin vivo as well as on surviving slices of their cerebellumin vitro. According to the survival time in a pressure chamber simulating an altitude of 11 km all the rats were divided into groups of high resistance, medium resistance, and low resistance to hypoxia. Survival time was 4.2 times longer in the high resistance group than in the low resistance group. In the cerebellar slices of high resistance animals 61.5% high-resistance neurons and 38.5% low-resistance neurons were recorded. On the other hand, in the high resistance animals the percentage of high-resistance neurons and low-resistance neurons was 31.2 and 68.8, respectively. The period of hypoxia development was 4.32 times longer in the high-resistance neurons as compared to low-resistance neurons. It is speculated that individual differences in the resistance to O₂ deficit are of a hereditary nature and manifest themselves not only on the level of the whole organism, but also in the individual nerve cell. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 454–457, November, 1994     

Thrombolytic activity of terrilytin and its effect on the blood clotting system

In experimentsin vitro after preliminary incubation of fibrinogen with terrilytin clot formation was retarded and subsequent lysis accelerated. Terrilytinin vitro lengthened the recalcification time, reduced thromboplastic activity and fibrinase activity and, at the same time, increased the fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma. In experiments on dogs roentgenovasography revealed considerable thrombolytic activity of terrilytin when injected intravenously into animals with experimental thrombosis of the femoral veins.Pathophysiological Laboratory, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 936–937, August, 1976.     

Potentiating effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and of its synthetic analog digipramine on morphine-induced analgesia

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its synthetic analog digipramine (DP) shortened the latency of the tail-flick response in mice when injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 5 mg/kg and to potentiate significantly the analgesic action of morphine. Possible mechanisms of these two effects and prospects for their medical use are discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 117–119, August, 1994