我国首批癌症早诊早治示范基地确定

为贯彻落实《中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(20014—2010)》，卫生部疾病控制司确定了我国首批子宫颈癌和食管癌早诊早治示范基地。食管癌早诊早治示范基地：河南省林州市(河南省林州市食管癌防治研究所、肿瘤医院)，河北省磁县(河北省肿瘤研究所、磁县肿瘤医院)；子宫颈癌早诊早治示范基地：深圳市(深圳市妇幼保健院、北京大学深圳医院、深圳慢性病防治院)，     

河北省磁县食管癌早诊早治普查进展

磁县是食管高发区,是中国较早的食管癌防治研究现场之一,20世纪70年代建立肿瘤防治现场以来,积累了宝贵流行病学资料。食管癌的早诊早治普查经历了从细胞学拉网筛查到目前直接采用电子胃镜辅碘染色指示活检普查。磁县加快食管癌高发现场开发,积极开展食管癌早诊早治研究,规范食管癌早诊早治示范基地的建设、管理、考核、评价,以促进食管癌预防与控制工作健康发展。磁县2006年成立了"食管癌普查中心",旨在进一步推广食管癌早诊早治可持续发展,为降低磁县食管癌死亡率,提高居民生存率作出贡献。     

河南省癌症预防与控制规划(2004～2010年)(讨论稿)

为加强我省癌症的预防与控制工作,减少癌症危害,提高人民健康水平,促进经济与社会的协调发展,实现全面建设小康社会宏伟目标,根据卫生部<中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(2004～2010)>,制定本规划.     

林州食管癌高发区内镜筛查贲门癌发病情况分析

目的研究近年来贲门癌在林州食管癌高发区的发病情况。方法通过林州市食管癌早诊早治示范基地目标人群筛查工作,采用胃镜食管碘染色指示性活检和贲门嵴根部活检的方法,经病理确诊一批食管癌和贲门癌并对其发生情况进行分析。结果普查的3163例高危人群中,发现食管癌15例,贲门癌22例。结论林州食管癌高发区贲门癌同样高发,贲门脊根部常规活检可以早期发现贲门的癌前病变和早期癌。     

磁县肿瘤防治的可持续发展探讨

磁县是我国食管癌高发区,为“全国肿瘤登记中心示范基地”及“全国食管癌早诊早治示范基地”之一,通过30多年持续的防治研究工作,基层肿瘤防治能力建设有了长足发展。文章在系统回顾了磁县以往工作的基础上,针对当前肿瘤现场防治现状,对磁县高发现场未来可持续发展提出建议和思路。     

中国癌症早诊早治的策略与实践

[目的]探讨中国癌症早诊早治的策略。[方法]采用资料分析、案例研究、工作总结等方法。分析20世纪70～80年代癌症高发现场早诊早治工作的经验与教训，提出推动癌症早诊早治的策略并加以实践。[结果]制定“中国癌症筛查及早诊早治指南”,建立癌症早诊早治示范基地,开展中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金癌症早诊早治项目等。在此基础上，讨论了癌症早诊早治工作可持续发展面临的问题及对策，提出未来的工作目标。[结论]有关癌症早诊早治的策略及实践符合中国的国情，相关讨论有助于工作的进一步开展。     

林州市食管癌早诊早治示范基地经验与体会

根据食管癌早诊早治技术方案的具体要求,林州市食管癌早诊早治示范基地2006～2008年对高危人群（40～69岁）进行了食管癌的早诊早治工作。筛查结果发现林州人群贲门癌的检出率高于食管癌。几年的工作实践提示我们,要想使此项工作达到可持续发展,必须建立一个健康的模式和机制。     

解读《中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(2004～2010)》

该文是对<中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(2004～2010)>(简称<纲要>)的学习和理解.文章对<纲要>产生的历史背景、指导思想、突出特点以及不足之处等几个方面进行了解读和分析,目的在于加深理解和认识,以提高贯彻执行<纲要>的科学性和自觉性.     

新时期河南省癌症控制工作的指导思想和基本原则

贯彻<中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(2004～2010)>精神,结合河南实际,阐述癌症控制工作的指导思想、基本原则、工作重点以及预期目标.     

癌症高发现场建设的示范意义和作用

癌症高发现场研究是我国癌症研究中最具特色的重要部分。该文根据笔者多年在现场第一线从事防治工作的认识和体会,简介了高发现场研究的流行病学意义、病因学意义、预防学意义及卫生经济学意义：并阐述了高发现场建设在促进癌症登记的实施、促进早诊早治的开展、促进科研平台的建立、促进癌症规划的制定等方面所发挥的积极作用。     

Indications for resection and radiosurgery for brain metastases

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review is focused on indications for resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, and fractionated radiotherapy for patients with single or multiple brain metastases. Our purpose is to summarize the indications and effect of these management approaches. RECENT FINDINGS: Brain metastases are a frequent challenge in patients with extracranial solid cancers. More than 40% of patients with cancer will develop metastases to the brain. While some patients present with large lesions and symptoms related to mass effect, many are diagnosed when asymptomatic tumors are found on screening studies. The main options for patients with brain metastases are whole brain radiation therapy, surgical resection, and stereotactic radiosurgery. Much information regarding outcomes, survival, management morbidity, and quality of life is available. Randomized, class III clinical trials demonstrate that multimodal therapy is important for both life quality and extended survival. A better understanding of the current therapeutic options should result in improvements in patient care. SUMMARY: This is a review of the literature from May 2004 to June 2005 with special attention on publications related to effect on quality of life with different procedures and therapies.     

Basis for molecular diagnostics and immunotherapy for esophageal cancer

Introduction: Esophageal cancer (EC) is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, diagnosed in about 17,000 Americans every year with a mortality rate of more than 80% within five years and a median overall survival of just 13 months. For decades, the go-to regimen for esophageal cancer patients has been the use of taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy regimens, which has yielded the field’s most dire survival statistics.

Areas covered: Combination immunotherapy and a more robust molecular diagnostic platform for esophageal tumors could improve patient management strategies and potentially extend lives beyond the current survival figures. Analyzing a panel of biomarkers including those affiliated with taxane and platinum resistance (ERCC1 and TUBB3) as well as immunotherapy effectiveness (PD-L1) would provide oncologists more information on how to optimize first-line therapy for EC.

Expert commentary: Of the 12 FDA-approved therapies in EC, zero target the genome. A majority of the approved drugs either target or are effected by proteomic expression. Therefore, a broader understanding of diagnostic biomarkers could give more clarity and direction in treating esophageal cancer in concert with a greater use of immunotherapy.     

DARTS,Bites and ADCs for the Treatment of AML and for Conditioning for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

There are over 50 bispecific antibodies that are currently being tested for the treatment of patients with acute leukemias and other hematologic malignancies. In addition to bispecific therapies both chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells and antibody drug conjugates (ADC) are being tested for both the treatment of acute leukemias and for conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These are being developed to replace chemotherapy and radiation therapy in conditioning regimens to     

Time Availability and Preference for e-Health Communication Channels for Nutrition and Physical Activity

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between time availability and preference for computer-based (e-health) communication channels when receiving nutrition and physical activity information, two key behaviors related to cancer prevention. Students from a large, diverse, urban university (n?=?397) completed a web-based survey indicating their usage patterns and preferences for multiple eHealth channels. Bivariate analyses were performed based on a measure of time availability, comprised of working status (25 h/week or more, 1–24 h/week, or not working) and enrollment status (full-time or part-time). Most e-health channels were broadly used by students and did not differ according to time availability. Those with the most amount of time available preferred receiving nutrition and physical activity information via social networking more frequently compared to those with the least amount of time available (60 versus 43 %, P?≤?0.05). Our study suggests that time availability may be another important factor to consider when planning cancer prevention programs     

Recommendations for treatment with IMRT for prostate and head-neck cancer

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is an advanced form of radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer that allows, on one hand, to administer a more homogeneous dose to the patients on the volume to irradiate (which would increase the local control of the disease), and on the other hand, to diminish the toxicity in the organs at risk. This type of treatment is based on imaging techniques, on computer dosimetry programs, and on more precise immobilization accessories. Before delivering IMRT it is necessary to establish a protocol that includes the different phases of the treatment process, that is, the obtaining of anatomical data, beam definition, calculation, dose distribution, and treatment performance and control. In this article we present the basic standards for the IMRT treatment for prostate and head-neck cancer agreed upon a consensus meeting. The follow-up of the recommendations settled down in this document will help in the establishment of a standardized clinical practice-assuring the quality- and a better evaluation of the results of the clinical intervention. File N.^o 03/10036, with charge to application 785 of programme 542 H of expenses budget of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III for year 2003. The assessment report can be found in whole text at: http://avalia-t.sergas.es.     

Current management options for liposarcoma and challenges for the future

Disease outcome in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients is far from satisfactory. The main causes of failure remain linked to locoregional recurrences, which are due to incomplete eradication of clonogenic cells. Conventional radiation therapy or 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy are currently carried out at their extreme possibilities due to their intrinsic limitation – namely the impossibility to generate concave dose distributions without compromising tumor irradiation. Approximately a third of patients treated with radiotherapy and most head and neck cancer cases present concave shapes of the target volumes. With the advent of intensity modulated radiation therapy – clinically available for only few years – head and neck patients can now benefit from strategies based on highly conformal techniques. It is possible to exploit efficiently dose-escalation protocols to increase probabilities to eradicate clonogens, to reduce overall treatment time, to control repopulation problems and to keep as low as reasonably necessary the irradiation of healthy tissues minimizing acute and late complications. Today, both planning and clinical studies demonstrate these advantages but larger controlled trials are necessary to assess the true potentialities of techniques based on intensity modulation for head and neck cancers. In a speculative view, proton therapy, possibly with intensity modulation, or light ion therapy should be considered for selected cases or for reirradiation due to their higher biological efficacy and their degree of dose-conformation to target volumes.