谈大型仪器的预防性维护

在卫生防疫部门的分析、测量工作中，广泛使用各类仪器，如电子显徽镜(电镜)、分光光度计、气相色谱仪、藏相色谱仪等。髓着科学技术的飞速发展，大规模集成电路、微电子技术和计算机技术在仪器中的开发应用，使仪器发展日新月异，仪器的功能更全面，结柯更复杂，这就要求仪器的管理要更科学化，使用操作更熟练，维修人员知识更全面，不仅要在仪器故障产生旨话时桃除故障，     

浅谈医疗设备计量管理的重要性

随着我国医疗事业的不断发展和壮大，大量先进的医疗诊断仪器的应用，医疗仪器设备是否可靠，数据是否准确直接关系到诊断、治疗效果，更影响到人民群众的生命健康，而准确的计量器具要依靠科学的计量管理来保证。因此，医院的计量管理已经成为医院医疗设备管理不可忽视的重要环节。     

医用设备温度补偿电路的设计

本设计采用输入端带有桥式电路的差动运放电路作为温度补偿电路，通过压差使仪器、计算机能够准确的测量和控制工作点温度。同时在软件上利用过采样技术提高温度测量的精度。     

K-4500血球计数仪全面维护改进的建议

日本产sysmet K-4500全自动血液分析仪为血液异常病人提供了准确筛选结果，并提示需做进一步的检查。该仪器测量精密，因此在日常使用中经常会出现堵、漏、测试困难等情况，这就需要我们必须经常对该仪器进行全面维护、彻底保养，以使其工作在最佳的状态。鉴于该仪器的工作特性及其性能的要求，我们根据该仪器的不同部位、不同部件提出了不同的保养维护的改进建议，并根据相应的部件做出相应的维护工具，做到更好、更便捷地保养维护。以下即为我们的具体维护改进建议。     

南代表建议立法终结使用过期医疗设备

日前，第十一届全国人大代表、老百姓大药房董事长谢子龙在接受相关媒体采访时表示，由于我国至今没有医疗器械管理法规，造成一些本应淘汰、报废的医疗器械至今还在使用，由于超期“服役”，部分仪器早已无法准确提供诊断依据，但不少小诊所甚至是医院，出于经济利益的考虑仍在使用。谢子龙表示，应尽快立法终结老、旧、残、次的医疗器械的使用寿命，确保人民群众放心地使用合格的医疗仪器。     

现代核分析技术在生命科学中的应用

现代核分析技术在生命科学中的应用杨瑞瑛，冯松林（中国科学院高能物理研究所）生命科学研究工作的发展，从单元素到多元素，从宏观观察到微区分析。特别是近年来进入分子生物水平的研究，要求更灵敏、更准确的检测仪器来实现这一目的。核分析技术目前是非常活跃的一门应...     

第二代微型脑卒中鉴别诊断仪的设计

微型脑卒中鉴别诊断仪是用症状频率比鉴别诊断法对脑出血和脑血栓进行鉴别诊断的小型仪器。第二代机是在第一代机原理的基础上，采用数字集成电路，实现触摸键输入、鉴别诊断、病情程度声光显示等功能。鉴别更加准确，使用更方便，易于推广。     

实验动物模型旋转监测仪的研制

介绍的动物旋转监测仪采用单片机技术，可通过四个测试通道，准确的自动检测和记录多种动物模型的旋转情况。根据各实验室的不同要求，本仪器提供了四种检测方式，并能对检测的推进行智能化处理。     

F-820、KX-21、HC-1022血细胞分析仪白细胞分类计数与人工分类结果分析

目的探讨两分群、三分群血细胞计数仪白细胞分类计数与人工分类计数的差异,为基层医院获取更准确的结果提供参考。方法选取18～20岁健康男性72例,女性42例,静脉取EDTA-Na2抗凝血2ml,同时用三种仪器和人工方法进行白细胞分类计数。结果仪器分类与人工分类比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论三分群或两分群血细胞计数仪虽有较好的准确性和快捷性,但不能完全依赖仪器,只能作为一种初筛手段,不能完全代替显微镜下人工白细胞分类,两者结合才能使结果更准确。     

手术室贵重大型医疗仪器的使用与管理

随着医学的发展,对疾病的诊断要求更准确及时,治疗要得当,缩短疗程以减轻病人的痛苦,这就需要有先进仪器的帮助。近年来我院购置引进了一批先进、贵重的大型医疗仪器,如C型臂、腹腔镜、内窥镜等。对这些仪器管理好坏,直接影响仪器的使用效率与手术的成败。在实际工作中,由于全体科室人员的共同努力,积累了以下一些经验。1.仪器的管理     

磁感应强度测量仪的研制

目的：研制一种用于脉冲磁场强度测量的仪器。方法：采用单片机和霍耳集成传感器测量磁感应强度，并给出了相关硬件电路和软件流程，其测量范围是0～50mT。结果：仪器结构简单，性能安全可靠，测量精度高。结论：可用于各类电磁场发生仪磁感应强度的检测。     

A contact-free exposure meter for x-ray diagnostic equipment

The paper describes a digital apparatus capable of measuring the duration of X-radiation within the range of 0.001-10.0 s with an error of 2%. The apparatus is used for exposure control in X-ray units having four- and six-pulse circuits.     

A new pocket-type flicker apparatus

A small, light and inexpensive pocket flicker (P.F.) apparatus for measuring fatigue was designed, fabricated and tested. The apparatus, being composed of a light emitting diode and a variable resistor with a scale, is so compact that it can be carried in a shirt pocket. Thus, critical fusion frequency (CFF) values can be easily determined at a working place and the load involved is small when compared to other physical fatigue measurements and earlier CFF apparatuses. Moreover, the apparatus is so inexpensive that it can be widely used. To compare the performance of the P.F. apparatus with earlier apparatuses, the following experiments were performed. CFF values were measured at the same time with the pocket type apparatus, blinking type apparatus and sector type apparatus and the results were compared. The subjects were 13 males and 5 females with their age ranging from 21 to 52 years. The total number of measurements was 132. The CFF values measured with these three apparatuses showed a significant correlation. The correlation coefficient between the CFF values measured with the sector type apparatus and blinking type apparatus was high, but the slope of the regression line was not one. Hence, in comparing the values measured with another apparatus, we should be aware of the differences between these data. The correlation coefficients between the CFF values measured with P.F. apparatus and with sector type apparatus or blinking type apparatus were not higher than those between the CFF values measured with sector type apparatus and blinking type apparatus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The ASORI stereoroentgenogrammetric system

The ASORI stereoroentgenometric complex includes a stereoroentgenographic unit, a kit of testometric devices and a measuring stereoscope. The above unit is designed on the basis of the PYM-20 roentgenodiagnostic apparatus and provides for automatic photography. The testometric devices have inclined contrast scales and are photographed. The stereo pairs are analysed on the measuring stereoscope. The structural elements of the investigated object are measured by the unit optical marker in relation to the testometric device image. The testometric method provides for operative and accurate measuring the anatomic structures in health and disease.     

超声外科手术装置检定系统中超声刀头振幅测量方法的研究

目的：研究超声外科手术装置检定系统中超声刀头振幅测量方法，设计一套实用的测量系统和数据处理算法。方法：测量系统采用体视显微镜加CCD摄像方法，并对摄取的图像进行捕捉取样，通过图像分割处理，最后计算出超声刀头的振幅。结果：本方法的测量范围为190μm，精度〈10μm，测量结果可重复性较好。结论：该测量方法具有科学、直接，简单、易行，误差可估计和控制，设备价格低廉，结果可信、可靠以及重复性好等优点，经试用，效果良好，填补了国内该项目的空白。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血镉结果不确定度表达与分析

目的计算出血镉测定值的不确定度与影响不确定度的因素。方法依据JJF059—1999（测量不确定度评定与表达》原理和方法计算血镉测定值合成标准不确定度。结果血镉含量X=（22．60±0．14）μg／L。其不确定度主要包括：①检测仪器的相对不确定度;②标准溶液的浓度;③样品浓度;④标准溶液稀释量具;⑤样品稀释量具;⑥有效数字修约。结论全面反映检测过程各方面的不确定度是质量控制的关键。     

Development of posture measuring apparatus using goniometer and inclinometer. 1. Description of the apparatus and its usefulness

A new posture measuring apparatus was developed for time and motion study in the field of industrial health. This apparatus can record and classify working postures by measuring the angles of joints and trunk inclination. The angles of joints are measured by newly developed goniometers which use the bending loss of rubber optical fibers. The trunk inclination is measured by an inclinometer which uses photointerrupters. The measured angle data stored in the memory of this apparatus are transferred to the host computer and analyzed. Postures are classified automatically and subjectively according to discriminant functions which are calculated from the preliminarily measured data by discriminant analysis. Test measurement was carried out to classify four postures; standing, forward bending, half sitting and sitting. The goniometers were set on the right hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint and the inclinometer was set on the right side of the trunk. The postures were changed in the order of standing, forward bending, half sitting, and sitting every 30 s. The angles were measured every second and a total of 120 sets of angles were measured. All data including data during posture changing were classified correctly by discriminant functions. The measurement during baggage lifting up and putting down was also carried out. Ten baggages (each 7 kg in weight) were lifted up from the floor onto a desk (75 cm in height), put down back to the floor, and again lifted on the desk. In 2 min, baggages were lifted up for a total of 20 times and put down for a total of 10 times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

盲人按摩医生用自动血压检测仪的研制

本文介绍了一种用于盲人按摩医生具有语音输出的血压自动检测仪，它既可以根据波动法原理对人体血压进行自动检测，又可以由医生用听柯氏音的方法对血压进行人工检测，检测结果由语音输出，解决了盲人医生不能亲自测血压的问题，实际实验表明，该血压检测仪对发展按摩治疗方法具有较大的现实意义。     

A photoplethysmo-tonomanometer for examination of the vascular system and measuring hemodynamic parameters

A new method and an apparatus for noninvasive medical investigations of the vascular system are considered. During the investigations, the two known methods of arterial pressure measuring, namely Korotkov's method and Penaz's method were used. The combination of the methods and a special procedure algorithm allow the measuring, in addition to arterial pressure, of the other important hemodynamic parameters such as venous pressure, the characteristic time parameters of blood redistribution between arterial and venous vessels and pulse wave velocity. The diagram of the photoplethysmo-tonomanometer and the measuring algorithm procedure are provided.     

Organizing diagnosis of parameters of limb loading during transosseous osteosynthesis by external fixation devices

The presented system for compression-traction osteosynthesis (CTS) involves a modified Ilizarov apparatus, a set of force and length detectors, PC controlled measuring system, a set of cables and original software. The system apparatus allows for angular displacement of bone fragments in the range of +/- 30 degrees or 0-60 degrees and lateral displacement of bone fragment edges in the joint along any azimuth in the ring plane. It was mathematically proved that the axial and angular displacement of the two apparatus ring blocks relative to each other can be described with three parameters: axial displacement of the ring center, the ring deflection (turn) angle and the ring axis turn azimuth (angle). Formulas for calculation of the displacement of three pairs of displacement control nuts so the plane of the fracture displacement angle (correction) cross the axis of the required ring plane turn azimuth (angle) were deduced for the reciprocal angular displacement of the bone fractures. No additional removable joints or the apparatus reconstruction for angular fracture displacement are needed. The CTS features the display of the current reciprocal position of bone fragment axes during the course of apparatus loading on the PC monitor.