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1.
Thomas Lund Merete Labriola Helene Feveile Karl Bang Christensen 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2010,18(3):251-254
Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate the fraction of permanent disability pensions among the working population in Denmark that can be attributed to differences in health behaviour.Methods
A total of 8,287 employees were interviewed regarding health behaviour, work environment and general health. They were followed in a national register on granted disability pensions. Cox regression analysis was performed, and attributable fractions were calculated.Results
The analysis showed a 48% and 79% risk increase for female heavy and moderate smokers, respectively (attributable fraction 19.7%), and a 74% risk increase for BMI?<?18.5 (attributable fraction 6.1%). Male heavy smokers had a 67% excess risk of disability pension (attributable fraction 15.7%).Conclusions
Smoking was an independent disability pension predictor regardless of age, work environment factors and baseline general health status. Workplace-based smoking cessation could substantially decrease permanent disability retirement from work. 相似文献2.
Background
Summary measures of health that combine mortality and morbidity into a single indicator are being estimated in the Canadian context for approximately 200 diseases and conditions. To manage the large amount of data and calculations for this many diseases, we have developed a structured workbook system with easy to use tools. We expect this system will be attractive to researchers from other countries or regions of Canada who are interested in estimating the health-adjusted life years (HALYs) lost to premature mortality and year-equivalents lost to reduced functioning, as well as population attributable fractions (PAFs) associated with risk factors. This paper describes the workbook system using cancers as an example, and includes the entire system as a free, downloadable package. 相似文献3.
Sultan-Taïeb H Lejeune C Drummond A Niedhammer I 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2011,84(8):911-925
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate fractions of diseases attributable to job strain defined using Karasek’s model among the French working population for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mental disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). 相似文献4.
Bautista Leonelo E.; Correa Adolfo; Baumgartner Jill; Breysse Patrick; Matanoski Genevieve M. 《American journal of epidemiology》2009,169(5):572-580
The authors investigated the effect of charcoal smoke exposureon risks of acute upper and lower respiratory infection (AURIand ALRI) among children under age 18 months in Santo Domingo,Dominican Republic (1991–1992). Children living in householdsusing charcoal for cooking (exposed, n = 201) were age-matchedto children living in households using propane gas (nonexposed,n = 214) and were followed for 1 year or until 2 years of age.Fuel use and new episodes of AURI and ALRI were ascertainedbiweekly through interviews and medical examinations. Householdindoor-air concentration of respirable particulate matter (RPM)was measured in a sample of follow-up visits. Incidences ofAURI and ALRI were 4.4 and 1.4 episodes/child-year, respectively.After adjustment for other risk factors, exposed children hadno significant increase in risk of AURI but were 1.56 times(95% confidence interval: 1.23, 1.97) more likely to developALRI. RPM concentrations were higher in charcoal-using households(27.9 µg/m3 vs. 17.6 µg/m3), and ALRI risk increasedwith RPM exposure (10-µg/m3 increment: odds ratio = 1.17,95% confidence interval: 1.02, 1.34). Exposure to charcoal smokeincreases the risk of ALRI in young children, an effect thatis probably mediated by RPM. Reducing charcoal smoke exposuremay lower the burden of ALRI among children in this population. air pollution, indoor; biomass; charcoal; Dominican Republic; particulate matter; respiratory tract infections; smoke; wood 相似文献
5.
Ailing Liu Andrew P Hills Xiaoqi Hu Yanping Li Lin Du Ying Xu Nuala M Byrne Guansheng Ma 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):82
Background
Waist circumference has been identified as a valuable predictor of cardiovascular risk in children. The development of waist circumference percentiles and cut-offs for various ethnic groups are necessary because of differences in body composition. The purpose of this study was to develop waist circumference percentiles for Chinese children and to explore optimal waist circumference cut-off values for predicting cardiovascular risk factors clustering in this population. 相似文献6.
Background
To estimate the prevalence of dog bites to primary school children between the ages of 8–12 years using a semi-structured interview process. With the increase in the pet population and popularity of dangerous breeds of dog and a high stray dog population combined with a dearth of information on the risk of dog attacks to children in Trinidad, a semi-structured interview process was used to determine risk factors associated with dog attacks. 相似文献7.
Michael N. Bates Ram K. Chandyo Palle Valentiner-Branth Amod K. Pokhrel Maria Mathisen Sudha Basnet Prakash S. Shrestha Tor A. Strand Kirk R. Smith 《Environmental health perspectives》2013,121(5):637-642
Background: Globally, solid fuels are used by about 3 billion people for cooking. These fuels have been associated with many health effects, including acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. Nepal has a high prevalence of use of biomass for cooking and heating.Objective: This case–control study was conducted among a population in the Bhaktapur municipality, Nepal, to investigate the relationship of cookfuel type to ALRI in young children.Methods: Cases with ALRI and age-matched controls were enrolled from an open cohort of children 2–35 months old, under active monthly surveillance for ALRI. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on family characteristics, including household cooking and heating appliances and fuels. The main analysis was carried out using conditional logistic regression. Population-attributable fractions (PAF) for stove types were calculated.Results: A total of 917 children (452 cases and 465 controls) were recruited into the study. Relative to use of electricity for cooking, ALRI was increased in association with any use of biomass stoves [odds ratio (OR) = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.98], kerosene stoves (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.83), and gas stoves (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.50). Use of wood, kerosene, or coal heating was also associated with ALRI (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 0.97, 2.14), compared with no heating or electricity or gas heating. PAFs for ALRI were 18.0% (95% CI: 8.1, 26.9%) and 18.7% (95% CI: 8.4%–27.8%), for biomass and kerosene stoves, respectively.Conclusions: The study supports previous reports indicating that use of biomass as a household fuel is a risk factor for ALRI, and provides new evidence that use of kerosene for cooking may also be a risk factor for ALRI in young children. 相似文献
8.
A Population‐based Study of Perinatal Infection Risk in Women with and without Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and their Infants
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Rachel A. Bender Ignacio Amy T. Madison Ata Moshiri Noel S. Weiss Beth A. Mueller 《Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology》2018,32(1):81-89
Background
Increased risk of adverse birth outcomes is well described in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but risk of maternal or infant infection in the peripartum period has not been well studied. We conducted a population‐based cohort study of infection risk in women with and without SLE and their infants.Methods
Linked birth‐hospital discharge data identified 1297 deliveries to women with SLE and a 4:1 comparison cohort of deliveries to women without SLE in Washington State, 1987–2013. Maternal and infant infections during the first 30 days after delivery were identified. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.Results
Women with SLE were 1.7 times more likely (95% CI 1.4, 2.0) to have an infection during the birth hospitalisation and more likely to receive antibiotics during labour (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.5), though there was no increased risk of chorioamnionitis in women with SLE. Infants of women with SLE had an increased risk for an infection during the birth hospitalisation (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3, 3.5), although the size of the difference was smaller when adjusted for gestational age (RR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9, 2.1). Risks of neonatal infection, sepsis, receipt of antibiotics, and admission to neonatal intensive care were also increased, and were also attenuated after adjustment for gestational age.Conclusions
Women with SLE have an increased risk of peripartum infections and antibiotic exposure. Their neonates have a greater likelihood of infection, much of which is attributable to preterm birth. 相似文献9.
Association of subclinical vitamin D deficiency with severe acute lower respiratory infection in Indian children under 5 y 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether subclinical vitamin D deficiency in Indian children under 5 y of age is a risk factor for severe acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI). DESIGN: A hospital-based case-control study. SETTING: Sanjeevani Paediatrics Hospital, a private hospital in Indapur, India. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 150 children including 80 cases and 70 controls, aged 2-60 months, were enrolled. Case definition of severe ALRI as given by the World Health Organization was used for cases. Controls were healthy children attending outpatients' service for immunization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) with severe ALRI, controlling for demographic and other potential risk factors. RESULTS: Serum 25OHD3 increased with age. Factors significantly associated with decreased risk of severe ALRI in univariate analysis were: exclusive breastfeeding in the first 4 months (cases 35/78 (45%), controls 41/64 (64%); P=0.02); introduction of other dietary liquids than milk only after 6 months (cases 46/70 (66%), controls 31/66 (47%); P=0.03); use of liquid petroleum cooking fuel (cases 32/80 (40%), controls 40/70 (57%); P=0.04); infant not covered in swaddling cloths when exposed to sunlight before crawling (cases 11/52 (21%), controls 25/54 (46%); P=0.006); and serum 25OHD3>22.5 nmol/l (cases 16/80 (20%), controls 48/70 (69%); P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, factors associated with significantly lower odds ratio for having severe ALRI were: serum 25OHD3>22.5 nmol/l (OR: 0.09; 95% CI 0.03-0.24; P<0.001) and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 4 months of life (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.18-0.99; P=0.046) with age and height/age as significant covariates. CONCLUSION: Subclinical vitamin D deficiency and nonexclusive breastfeeding in the first 4 months of life were significant risk factors for severe ALRI in Indian children. 相似文献
10.
Sumi Mehta Hwashin Shin Rick Burnett Tiffany North Aaron J. Cohen 《Air quality, atmosphere, & health》2013,6(1):69-83
Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) account for nearly one fifth of mortality in young children worldwide and have been associated with exposures to indoor and outdoor sources of combustion-derived air pollution. A systematic review was conducted to identify relevant articles on air pollution and ALRI in children. Using a Bayesian approach to meta-analysis, a summary estimate of 1.12 (1.03, 1.30) increased risk in ALRI occurrence per 10 μg/m3 increase in annual average PM2.5 concentration was derived from the longer-term (subchronic and chronic) effects studies. This analysis strengthens the evidence for a causal relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and the occurrence of ALRI and provides a basis for estimating the global attributable burden of mortality due to ALRI that is not influenced by the wide variation in regional case fatality rates. Most studies, however, have been conducted in settings with relatively low levels of PM2.5. Extrapolating their results to other, more polluted, regions will require a model that is informed by evidence from studies of the effects on ALRI of exposure to PM2.5 from other combustion sources, such as secondhand smoke and household solid fuel use. 相似文献
11.
Dolly Baliunas Jayadeep Patra Jürgen Rehm Svetlana Popova Benjamin Taylor 《BMC public health》2007,7(1):247
Background
Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for burden of disease. Our objective was to estimate the number of hospital diagnoses and days of treatment attributable to smoking for Canada, 2002. 相似文献12.
Shanthi Ameratunga Sally Abel Sandar Tin Tin Lanuola Asiasiga Sharon Milne Sue Crengle 《BMC health services research》2010,10(1):333
Background
Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death and hospitalisation among New Zealand children, with indigenous Māori and ethnic minority Pacific children significantly over represented in these statistics. International research has shown that many children hospitalised for injury, as well as their families experience high levels of stress, and ethnic disparities in the quality of trauma care are not uncommon. The research on which this paper is based sought to identify key issues and concerns for New Zealand's multi-ethnic community following hospitalisation for childhood injury in order to inform efforts to improve the quality of trauma services. This paper reports on service providers' perspectives complementing previously published research on the experiences of families of injured children. 相似文献13.
Bang Christensen K Lund T Labriola M Villadsen E Bültmann U 《Occupational and environmental medicine》2007,64(7):487-489
Objective
To examine the fraction of long‐term sickness absence periods attributable to physical and psychosocial work environmental risk factors.Method
A random population sample was followed for 18 months in a national register of social transfer payments. Mutually adjusted hazard ratios for onset of long‐term sickness absence and aetiological fractions were computed.Results
After mutual adjustment, no significant effect of psychosocial work environment factors remained. In men, 23% and 28% of long‐term sickness absence were attributable to working mainly standing or squatting, and lifting or carrying loads, respectively. In women, 27% of long‐term sickness absence was attributable to bending or twisting of the neck or back.Conclusions
Physical work environment exposures explained between 10% and 30% of long‐term sickness absence. The potential for reducing long‐term sickness absence is substantial.Long‐term sickness absence is a major public health problem.1 In previous studies we identified five psychosocial and four physical work environment factors that were independent risk factors of long‐term sickness absence.2,3 The psychosocial risk factors associated with long‐term sickness absence were the demands of hiding emotions and emotional demands for men, and management quality, role conflicts, and reward among women.2 In both genders, the physical work environment risk factors associated with long‐term sickness absence were extreme bending or twisting of the neck or back, working mainly standing or squatting, lifting or carrying loads, and pushing or pulling loads.3In the present study, the relative contribution of these risk factors, and thus the potential for reducing long‐term sickness absence, is studied by computation of aetiological fractions.4 相似文献14.
Dongwoo Kim Seok-Jun Yoon Young-Hoon Gong Young Ae Kim Hye-Young Seo Jihyun Yoon A-Rim Kim 《Yebang Ŭihakhoe chi》2015,48(4):180-187
Objectives:
Metabolic syndrome is an important etiologic factor in the development of certain types of cancers. The economic cost of the treatment of cancer has been steadily increasing. We therefore estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea.Methods:
We reviewed metabolic syndrome-related cancers and relative risk and then calculated population attributable fractions. We analyzed insurance claims data for metabolic syndrome-related cancers in 2012 in order to estimate the direct costs associated with these cancers, including hospitalization, outpatient visits, transportation costs, and caregivers’ costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of productivity due to cancer treatment and premature death.Results:
In 2012, 18 070 patients in Korea had cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome. The economic burden was USD 199.8 million and the direct and indirect costs were USD 124.5 million and USD 75.3 million, respectively.Conclusions:
We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea and the efforts are necessary to reduce this burden. 相似文献15.
Background
Most developing countries are implementing the WHO immunisation programme. Although vaccines reach most children, many modifications of the recommended schedule are observed in practice. We investigated the association between vaccination status and risk of hospitalisation in Guinea-Bissau.Methods
From May 2003 to May 2004, all consultations of children less than five years of age at the outpatient clinic of the paediatric ward at the national hospital in Bissau were registered. For each consultation, information was collected about the child's name, sex, age and socio-cultural conditions, as well as diagnosis and whether the child was hospitalised. Information about vaccinations was also registered from the child's vaccination card. We analysed the association between vaccination status and risk of hospitalisation in age intervals according to the pre-dominant vaccines. We particularly emphasised the comparison of those who had received the recommended vaccination for the age groups and those who were delayed and only had the previous vaccinations. We also examined those who had received the vaccines out of sequence.Results
Information about vaccinations was available for 11,949 outpatient children of whom 2219 (19%) were hospitalised. Among children less than 3 months of age, unvaccinated children compared to BCG children had as expected a higher risk of hospitalisation; controlled for important determinants of hospitalisation, the hospitalisation risk ratio (HRR) was 1.99 (95% CI 1.37-2.89). In contrast, there was no difference in the HRR for children aged 1 ½ -8 months who were delayed and had only received BCG compared to those who as recommended had received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine after BCG (HRR = 1.10 (0.77-1.59)). In the age interval 9-17 months of age, children who were delayed and had only received DTP had significantly higher risk of hospitalisation compared with children who as recommended had measles vaccine (MV) as the most recent vaccination (HRR = 1.39 (1.16-1.66)). Having received DTP after MV (HRR = 1.60 (1.15-2.24)) or MV and DTP simultaneously (HRR = 1.51 (1.16-1.97)) was also associated with higher risk than MV only as most recent vaccination. In contrast, the children aged 18-59 months who as recommended had received a DTP booster after MV did not have lower risk of hospitalisations compared with children who were delayed and had received only MV (RR = 0.90 (0.75-1.07)). After 9 months of age, there was a significant difference in the female-male HRR for children who had MV (HRR = 0.85 (0.72-1.00)) or DTP (HRR = 1.08 (0.96-1.22)) as most recent vaccination (p = 0.02, test of interaction).Conclusion
Following the recommended vaccination schedule for BCG and MV is associated with a reduced risk of hospitalisation but this is not the case for DTP and booster DTP. Receiving DTP simultaneously with MV or after MV is associated with increased risk of hospitalisation. Vaccines have sex-differential effects on the risk of hospitalisation. 相似文献16.
Laura Cacciani Giovanni Baglio Lorenza Rossi Enrico Materia Maurizio Marceca Salvatore Geraci Angela Spinelli John Osborn Gabriella Guasticchi 《Emerging themes in epidemiology》2006,3(1):4
Background
Immigration is increasing in Italy. In 2003, 2.6 million foreign citizens lived in the country; 52% were men and the majority were young adults who migrated for work. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in hospitalisation between immigrants and the resident population during the year 2000 in the Lazio region. 相似文献17.
Background
Detection of modest but worthwhile treatment effects in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demands trials of large sample size. Approaches to decreasing required size of RCTs while maintaining power are needed.Objective
The epidemiological concept of population attributable fraction (AFp) was applied to the population selected for an RCT to assess its role in determining the size of treatment effect and the required sample size. The additional effect of efficacy of treatment specifically among participants at risk for attributable target events (relative risk reductionat risk [RRRat risk]) was also examined.Results
A model is described which accounts for size of treatment effect in an RCT based on AFp and RRRat risk: RRRtrial = (AFp) (RRRat risk). The increase in RRRtrial resulting from raising AFp exceeds that possible under the traditional high risk/high response approach to trial design and allows a reduction in required trial sample size. AFp can be estimated from studies of causation that determine both risk and attributable risk (AR) associated with specific risk factors.Conclusion
Larger treatment effects within RCTs are enabled by choosing a target outcome having a specific cause and selecting participants at specific risk for that outcome. Using information about phenotypic and genetic predictors of AR may increase our capacity to select trial populations having high AFp. 相似文献18.
Wen Jun Ma Shao Ping Nie Hao Feng Xu Yan Jun Xu Xiu Ling Song Qiao Zhi Guo Yu Run Zhang 《BMC public health》2010,10(1):156
Background
Drowning is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children, yet non-fatal drowning remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore potential modifiable risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of China. 相似文献19.
Isidore K Kouadio Taro Kamigaki Hitoshi Oshitani 《BMC international health and human rights》2010,10(1):5
Background
Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease with a significant public health impact especially among displaced populations due to their characteristic mass population displacement, high population density in camps and low measles vaccination coverage among children. While the fatality rate in stable populations is generally around 2%, evidence shows that it is usually high among populations displaced by disasters. In recent years, refugees and internally displaced persons have been increasing. Our study aims to define the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors associated with measles outbreaks in displaced populations. 相似文献20.