颈椎病前路减压不同重建术式疗效的临床观察

目的探讨颈椎病前路减压后,应用自体髂骨植骨加前路钢板内固定、钛网植骨加前路钢板内固定、多枚颈椎钛金属Vigor椎间融合器及多枚聚醚醚酮(PEEK)融合器等不同重建方式,在恢复颈椎稳定性,维持颈椎病疗效的应用价值。方法总结2001年-2006年82例脊髓型颈椎病,采取椎体次全切+自体髂骨植骨+Windows钢板内固定术、椎体次全切+钛网植骨+Windows钢板内固定术、多个单间隙减压+颈椎Vigor椎间融合器及多个单间隙减压聚醚醚酮(PEEK)界面固定治疗。结果平均随访1.5年,82例患者颈椎生理前凸及椎间隙高度恢复满意,神经功能得到不同程度恢复。结论颈椎病前路手术后的神经功能恢复与减压的彻底性及脊髓受压变性密切相关,手术应达到充分减压,彻底解除脊髓压迫。应用自体髂骨植骨加前路钢板内固定、钛网植骨加前路钢板内固定、多枚颈椎钛金属Vigor椎间融合器及多枚聚醚醚酮(PEEK)融合器等不同重建方式,能使颈椎即刻稳定,维持颈椎生理曲度及椎间高度,有利于维持颈椎病的远期疗效。     

单间隙加单节段减压治疗老年多节段颈脊髓伤病

目的探讨颈前路单间隙加单节段减压植骨融合治疗多节段老年性颈脊髓伤病的疗效。方法对13例老年性多节段颈脊髓伤病患者采用前路单间隙加单节椎体次全切除减压植骨内固定治疗,平均随访28个月,评估神经功能恢复、颈椎生理曲度的改善情况。结果 JOA评分术前3～8分,平均5.34分,术后11～15分,平均13.33分,改善率68.5%,颈椎生理曲度亦明显改善。结论前路单间隙加单节段减压手术疗效好,是治疗老年性多节段颈脊髓伤病的较好术式。     

颈前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的 探讨颈前路减压自体髂骨植骨融合钢板内同定术在治疗脊髓型颈椎病中的应用价值.方法 75例脊髓型颈椎病患者,病变累及1个节段23例,2个节段46例,3个节段6例.经颈前路减压,单间隙为开窗式,余为开槽式.加自体髂骨植骨,加带锁钢板内固定.结果 平均随访12个月,植骨于术后4～5月完全骨性融合.术后恢复之椎间高度未发生丢失现象,颈椎生理曲度维持良好.无脊髓、血管损伤,无钢板、螺钉折断、滑脱等并发症,但有4例术后长期存在吞咽时异物感,有1例进食时有明显梗阻感.JOA评分由平均术前8.1分上升至术后14.1分.手术优良率夏为83.3%.结论 颈前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效可靠,宜使用低切迹颈前路钢板内固定. 个节段23例,2个节段46例,3个节段6例.经颈前路减压,单间隙为开窗式,余为开槽式.加自体髂骨植骨,加带锁钢板内固定.结果 平均随访12个月,植骨于术后4～5月完全骨性融合.术后恢复之椎问高度未发生丢失现象,颈椎生理曲度维持良好.无脊髓、血管损伤,无钢板、螺钉折断、滑脱等并发症,但有4例术后长期存在吞咽时异物感,有1例进食时有明显梗阻感.JOA评分由平均术前8.1分上升至术后14.1分. 术优良率夏为83.3%.结论 颈前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效可靠,宜使用低切迹颈前路钢板内固定. 个     

颈前路分节段减压植骨融合术治疗多节段颈椎病

目的探讨颈前路分节段减压植骨融合术治疗多节段颈椎病的可行性及疗效。方法对11例病变累及3个以上椎间隙脊髓型颈椎病患者,采用经颈前路单椎体次全切除,钛网内充填减压椎体松质骨植骨融合,单间隙减压采用聚醚醚酮椎间融合器植骨融合,并行带锁钢板固定。结果11例均获随访,平均15个月,植骨于术后12～16周骨性愈合。术后恢复的椎间高度未发生再丢失现象,颈椎生理曲度维持良好,无钢板及螺钉折断、椎间融合器滑脱、植骨不融合等并发症。手术时间150min（120～240min）,JOA评分由平均术前8．3分上升至术后13分。结论颈前路分节段减压植骨融合术治疗多节段颈椎病及带锁钢板内固定应用前景良好。     

颈椎前路界面固定和带锁钢板固定的远期疗效比较研究

目的：探讨颈前路手术中用界面内固定（Cage)和AO带锁钢板内固定远期疗效。方法：91例经颈前路减压，自体植骨，采用界面固定47例，AO带锁钢板固定44例，结果：91例中，77例获得随访，其中界面固定42例，颈椎带锁钢板内固定35例，平均随访14个月，两组病例植骨于术后12－16周骨性愈合，术后恢复之椎间高度未发生再丢失现象。颈椎生理曲度维持良好，两组疗效无显著性差异。结论：界面固定和带锁钢板固定对颈椎前路手术术后可能导致的潜在性颈椎失稳进行内固定，具有良好的远期疗效。     

两种手术方法治疗单节段颈椎病的疗效观察

目的探讨单节段颈椎前路减压后有无必要在椎间融合器(Cage)植入基础上加用钢板固定。方法自2006-08-2010-08对55例实行单节段颈椎前路减压手术的颈椎病患者进行随访。根据手术方式分2组:A组21例行颈椎前路减压单纯Cage植骨,B组34例行颈椎前路减压Cage植骨加钢板内固定。根据手术情况、症状改善情况及影像学资料对两组患者作分析比较。结果手术时间和出血量两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),放射性暴露时间两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后JOA评分改善率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后融合率两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组颈椎生理曲度术后明显改善(P<0.01);术后随访1年时颈椎的生理前凸丢失程度两组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。两组椎间高度术后改善明显(P<0.01);术后随访1年椎间高度丢失程度两组有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论单节段颈椎前路减压单纯Cage植骨融合和加用钢板固定两种手术方式都是安全、可靠的,加用钢板有助于保持椎间高度及颈椎生理曲度、减少椎间隙塌陷和促进融合。     

锁定型颈前路钢板固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

目的探讨颈椎前路减压植骨融合钢板内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位的疗效。方法对45例下颈椎骨折脱位患者进行前路减压、复位、植骨融合、锁定钢板内固定。结果全部患者获得随访,时间6～27个月,平均11．5个月。植骨于术后12周均获得牢固骨性融合,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持良好,无术中、术后并发症,未见螺钉钢板松动、脱出、断裂现象,术后患者神经功能得到不同程度恢复。结论采用颈椎前路减压植骨融合治疗下颈椎骨折脱位,可使损伤节段获早期稳定,神经功能改善明显;前路颈椎钢板系统操作安全、简单、材料生物相容性好、内固定确定,为早期行颈椎前路手术创造了良好的条件。     

前路钢板复合BMP2同种异体骨移植治疗无脊髓损伤型外伤性颈椎滑脱

目的 探讨颈前路减压、椎体间植骨支撑融合、钢板内固定术治疗无脊髓损伤型外伤性颈椎滑脱的手术方法 及疗效.方法 手术治疗50例无脊髓损伤型外伤性颈椎滑脱,采取复合BMP2同种异体骨移植支撑融合、钢板内固定术.结果 术后全部病例经随访观察,症状获得改善,加例完全恢复.植骨在3个月内牢固融合,术后6个月47例重返工作,3例残留手指麻木.颈椎椎间高度、生理曲度维持良好、无钢板、螺钉折断、滑脱等并发症.结论 颈前路减压、椎体间植骨融合、钢板内固定术治疗外伤性颈椎滑脱,临床疗效满意.植骨融合手术操作简单,钢板内固定术后颈椎即刻稳定,有助于早期功能锻炼,减少外固定时间,防止植骨块塌陷,保持椎问高度及颈椎的生理前曲,有利于提高手术远期效果.     

颈椎前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病前路手术中的作用

目的 评价内固定在脊髓型颈椎病前路减压中的作用。方法 143例脊髓型颈椎病患者经前路减压后自体髂骨植骨，带锁钢板内固定。获得随访病例132例，随访时间平均20个月，观察术后神经功能恢复情况，植骨融合率，椎间高度及颈椎生理曲度恢复情况。结果 单节段与两节段病变者术后3月均获得骨性愈合，融合率为100％，16例3节段病变者融合体为81．3％，内固定并发症为5／132(3．8％)。术后椎间高度与生理曲度均获得满意重建。JOA记分平均改善率65．8％。结论 在脊髓型颈椎病前路减压手术中应用带锁钢板内固定可有效维持椎间高度和生理曲度，并有助于后路间接减压。     

脊髓型颈椎病前路减压内固定价值

目的：评价脊髓型颈椎病前路减压后应用内固定的价值。方法：对112例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用经前路减压、自体髂骨或钛质网笼植骨及AO颈椎带锁钢板内固定,获得随访104例,平均随访时间30个月,观察植骨融合率、融合节段间高度和颈椎生理曲度维持情况以及内植物并发症,并对神经功能恢复进行评价。 结果：94例单节段和两节段病变者术后3个月内获得牢固骨性融合,融合率为100％,10例三节段手术者融合率为80％,内植物并发症为2．9％（3／104）。全部病例术后椎间高度和生理曲度维持满意,JOA评分由术前平均10．3分提高到术后平均14．8分,平均改善率为67．2％。结论：脊髓型颈椎病前路手术后采用内固定可显著提高植骨融合率,并有效地维持椎间高度和颈椎生理曲度,有广泛的应用价值。     

Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of all patients surgically treated with a two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with and without anterior plate fixation by a single surgeon. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and radiographic success of two-level discectomy and the effect of anterior cervical plate fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Prior studies of multisegment fusions have shown decreased fusion rates correlating with the number of increased levels. The use of anterior plates for single-level cervical fusions is controversial. However, their use in multilevel fusions may be warranted because of the increased pseudarthrosis rates. METHODS: Over a 6-year period, 60 patients were treated surgically with a two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by the senior author. Thirty-two patients had cervical plates, and 28 underwent fusions without plates. These patients were followed for an average of 2.7 years. Clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluations were performed. RESULTS: Of the 60 patients, 7 had a pseudarthrosis. The pseudarthrosis rates were 0% for patients with plating and 25% for those with no plating. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.003). No correlation of pseudarthrosis with gender, age, level of surgery, history of tobacco use, or the presence of prior anterior surgery was found. There was significantly less graft collapse (P = 0.0001) in the patients without plates in whom pseudarthrosis developed (1.4 mm) than in those who had fusions with plates (0.3 mm). The amount of kyphotic deformity of the fused segment was 0.4 degree in patients with plating compared with 4.9 degrees in those without plating who developed a pseudarthrosis (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of plate fixation for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is a safe procedure with no significant increase in complication rates. The pseudarthrosis rates are significantly higher in patients treated without plate fixation. No nonunions occurred in the patients treated with plate fixation. There was significantly less disc space collapse and kyphotic deformity with the plated fusions than with the nonplated fusions, in which a pseudarthrosis developed. The complication rates for plated fusions are extremely low and do not differ from those for nonplated fusions.     

不同术式治疗单间隙脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的:比较单纯环锯减压柱状植骨与椎体次全切除块状植骨加内固定治疗单间隙脊髓型颈椎病的效果。方法:对91例单间隙脊髓型颈椎病患者分别采用单纯前路环锯减压柱状双面皮质骨植骨术(45例)及椎体次全切除减压块状双面皮质骨植骨加内固定术(46例)治疗,术后根据JOA评分及X线表现比较两组病例的改善率、植骨融合率及融合节段高度丢失情况。结果:平均随访15个月,环钻减压组平均改善率为45%,优良率64%,3例并发颈脊髓损伤致瘫痪;椎体次全切除组平均改善率为72%,优良率86%,无脊髓损伤等严重并发症。两组植骨融合率均为100%。环锯减压组术后融合节段高度的丢失(平均2.1mm)明显大于椎体次全切除组(平均0.71mm)(P<0.05)。结论:椎体次全切除植骨加内固定术术中减压更为安全有效,术后对椎间隙高度的维持更为可靠,疗效优于单纯环锯减压植骨术。双面皮质骨植骨可获得满意的融合率。     

The effect of cervical plating on single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

The use of anterior plates for single-level cervical fusions is controversial. Previous studies that evaluated single and multiple-level fusions have shown increased and decreased fusion rates when cervical plates are used. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success of single-level discectomy performed with and without anterior cervical plate fixation. During a 6-year period, 80 patients were surgically treated with a single-level anterior cervical discectomy. Forty-four patients had cervical plates, whereas 36 had fusions without plates (average follow-up, 2.3 years). The pseudarthrosis rates were 4.5% (2 of 44) for patients with plating and 8.3% (3 of 36) without plating. This difference was not significant (p = 0.653). There was no correlation of pseudarthrosis with sex, age, level of surgery, history of tobacco use, or the presence of previous anterior surgery. The amount of graft collapse for patients with plating was 0.75 mm compared with 1.5 mm for those without a plate (p = 0.026). The amount of kyphotic deformity of the fused segment was 1.2 degrees with plating compared with 1.9 degrees for patients without plating (p = 0.079). Ninety-one percent of the patients with plating had good or excellent results compared with 88% in the group without cervical plates, based on Odom's criteria. The addition of plate fixation for single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is safe and not associated with a significant increase in complication rates. The pseudarthrosis rates are not significantly different when a cervical plate is used.     

Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of all patients surgically treated by a single surgeon with a three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with and without anterior plate fixation. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and radiographic success of anterior three-level discectomy and fusion performed with and without anterior cervical plate fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies of multilevel cervical discectomies and fusions have shown fusion rates to decrease as the number of surgical levels increases. Anterior cervical plate stabilization can provide more stability and may increase fusion rates for multilevel fusions. METHODS: Over a 7-year period, 59 patients were treated surgically with a three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by the senior author. Forty patients had cervical plates, whereas 19 had fusions with no plates. These patients were observed for an average of 3.2 years. Clinical and radiographic follow-up data were obtained. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients, 14 had a pseudarthrosis (7 in each group). The pseudarthrosis rates were 18% (7 of 40) for patients with plating and 37% (7 of 19) for patients with no plating. Although the nonunion rate for unplated fusions was double that of plated fusions, this difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant correlation between pseudarthrosis and gender, age, level of surgery, history of tobacco use, or previous anterior surgery. The fusion rates were improved with the use of a cervical plate. Inferior clinical results were demonstrated in patients with a pseudarthrosis, regardless of the use of a cervical plate. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of plate fixation for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is a safe procedure and does not result in higher complication rates. In this study, the pseudarthrosis rate was lower for patients with a cervical plate. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Patients treated with cervical plating had overall better results when compared with those of patients treated without cervical plates. Although the use of cervical plates decreased the pseudarthrosis rate, a three-level procedure is still associated with a high nonunion rate, and other strategies to increase fusion rates should be explored.     

Surgical outcome of single segment ventral fusion with plate osteosynthesis in therapy refractory chronic cervico-brachialgia

INTRODUCTION: In anterior cervical stabilization, collapses of the grafted bone with resulting localized kyphosis and graft dislocation has been reported. It was the aim of this clinical trial to evaluate the benefit of additional plating while taking specific implant-related complications into account. METHODS: The results of single level anterior cervical spinal fusion were evaluated. In 44 patients suffering from chronic cervical radicular pain with degenerative changes, arthrodesis with iliac-crest bone and plate fixation was performed. Apart from clinical parameters, the pre- and postoperative segmental kyphosis and cervical lordosis were evaluated. RESULTS: The total cervical alignment increased from 15.4 degrees to 18.5 degrees while the alignment of the fused segment increased from 2.6 degrees to 7.7 degrees. Postoperative decrease of correction did not occur. Bony fusion was confirmed in 95% after 12 months and 100% aller 36 months. Our results show that patients had more relief from radicular pain (80%) than from unspecific neck pain (66%). DISCUSSION: In single level anterior cervical fusion, additional plating successfully prevents dislocation of the bone graft and postoperative kyphosis. The clinical results and pseudarthrosis rate do not differ from studies without plating. Long. term follow-up studies are necessary to show the benefit of the reduced postoperative kyphosis.     

Anterior cervical reconstruction using titanium cages with anterior plating.

STUDY DESIGN: A preliminary outcome assessment study of titanium cage implants with anterior cervical plating in anterior cervical reconstruction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using titanium cage implants and anterior plating in cervical reconstruction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Anterior decompression and interbody fusion is a widely accepted surgical treatment for patients with cervical spondylosis. Tricortical iliac crest autograft has been the gold standard but is associated with morbidity at the bone graft donor site, whereas allograft fibula is associated with pseudarthrosis. Problems such as pseudarthrosis, graft collapse, and extrusion still persist with the accepted method of harvesting and implanting bone autografts. METHODS: Thirty-four patients were treated by channel corpectomy followed by placement of a titanium cage packed with autogenous bone graft from the vertebral bodies to reconstruct the anterior column. An anterior cervical plate was added in 30 of 34 cases that involved decompression of two or more levels. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 56 months, with an average follow-up period of 32 months, and included examination and radiography. RESULTS: Six months after surgery, there was radiographic evidence of fusion in 97% of the patients. Eighty-eight percent of the patients (30 of 34) did not experience any complications (neither cage dislodgment nor hardware failure). Four patients had complications that included pseudarthrosis (1), extruded cage (1), cage in kyphosis (1), and radiculopathy (1). CONCLUSIONS: Titanium cages provide immediate strong anterior column support with minimum hardware complications and avoid bone graft-site morbidity. Titanium cages, with concomitant use of anterior plating, offer an effective and safe alternative to bone autografts.     

Combined single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy treatment

Background: The purpose of this study was to summarize outcomes of patients with refractory multisegmental cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) who were treated by combined single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression of the intervertebral space using the anterior approach. Methods: Forty‐five consecutive patients with multisegmental CSM were included; their ages ranged from 37 to 72 years. Seventeen (37.8%) patients had noncontiguous or ‘jumping’ multisegmental CSM and 28 (62.2%) had contiguous multisegmental CSM. The mean preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was 8.1 points. All patients underwent combined single‐level decompression of the involved intervertebral space and subtotal corpectomy together with subsequent fusion and internal fixation. An anterior approach was used for all patients. A cage filled with bone graft was inserted and internal fixation was performed after single‐level intervertebral space decompression. Mesh filled with bone graft was inserted and plate internal fixation was performed after subtotal corpectomy. Results: Follow‐up data (average follow‐up, 14 months) were available for all 45 patients; the mean postoperative JOA score was 13.2 points, which was significantly different from the preoperative JOA score. Bony fusion was achieved in all patients based on postoperative radiography, and no pseudoarthrosis was observed during follow‐up. Conclusions: An excellent outcome can be achieved with the combination of single‐level subtotal corpectomy and decompression of the intervertebral space using the anterior approach to treat multisegmental CSM.     

Treatment of multilevel cervical fusion with cages

BACKGROUND: Multilevel cervical discectomy usually requires plate and screw fixation for maintaining the spinal curvature, and increasing the graft fusion rate. However, the use of plate and screw fixation may cause a few complications, such as screw breakage, screw pullout, esophagus perforation, and cord or nerve root injury. In this study, we try to use cages to replace plate function in multilevel cervical fusion. METHODS: From January 1997 to June 2001, there were 180 consecutive cases of multilevel cervical degenerative disease. We randomized them into three groups: Group A (60 patients) underwent anterior discectomy and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fusion, Group B (50 patients) underwent anterior discectomy, autogenous iliac crest graft (AICG) fusion and plate fixation, and Group C (70 patients) underwent anterior discectomy and AICG only. X-ray of cervical spine was taken every 3 months until fusion was complete. Spinal curvature was measured by lateral view of X-ray. The functional and working status were evaluated by Prolo scale. Blood loss and operation time were recorded, respectively. RESULTS: The total complication rates were 3.3%, 16%, and 54.3% in Groups A, B, and C respectively. The graft complications were evaluated by radiographic findings (graft collapse, nonunion, or dislodged graft). However, only 37.1% of patients (13/35) with graft complications had clinical symptoms (severe neck pain, radicular pain, or neurologic deficits). The fusion rate was better, and the time to fusion was sooner in Groups A and B than Group C, p < 0.001 (chi(2) test). PEEK cage is statistically better than plating group in total complications, p < 0.05. Graft collapse and nonunion were the major graft complications in Group C (AICG without plating). Screw pullout, and screw breakage were the main causes of plating complication. Blood loss was minimum in Group A, p < 0.05. Spinal lordosis increased by a mean of 4.61 +/- 2.93 mm and 1.68 +/- 5.02 mm in Groups A and B, respectively, but spinal kyphosis increased by a mean of -2.09 +/- 4.77 mm in Group C. Group A had a statistically better Prolo scale than Group C, p < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: Both PEEK cage without plating and AICG with plating are good methods for interbody fusion in multilevel cervical degenerative diseases. They increase spinal lordosis and graft fusion rate, and cause fewer surgical complications. However, PEEK cage is preferred in our study for multilevel fusion, because it has the fewest complication rates and the least amount of blood loss.     

Complications in the surgical treatment of pediatric high-grade, isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis. A comparison of three surgical approaches.

STUDY DESIGN: An analysis of consecutive pediatric patients treated surgically for high-grade spondylolisthesis by one of three surgical procedures with emphasis on complications and functional outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Complications, radiographic results and patient-assessed function, pain, and satisfaction were assessed among three surgical procedures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The existing literature is in disagreement about whether it is better to fuse without instrumented reduction or to use instrumentation and reduce high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis. METHODS: Thirty-two patients had 37 surgical procedures for Meyerding Grade 3 or 4 isthmic dysplastic spondylolisthesis. Eleven patients were treated with an in situ L4-sacrum posterior fusion without decompression (Group 1), 7 had posterior decompression with posterior instrumentation and posterior fusion (Group 2), and 19 patients had reduction and a circumferential fusion procedure (Group 3). All patients had new radiographs taken at time of follow-up (average, 3.1 years; range, 2 years-10 years, 1 month) and completed a functional outcome questionnaire. RESULTS: The incidence of pseudarthrosis was 45% (5 of 11) in Group 1, 29% (2 of 7) in Group 2, and 0% (0 of 19) in Group 3. All seven who had pseudarthrosis had small L5 transverse process surface area (< 2 cm2; P = 0.004). Only one patient had a neurologic deficit (unilateral extensor hallucis longus weakness) at time of follow-up. There were no significant differences among the groups in function, pain, and satisfaction in patients in whom solid fusion was obtained, but the scores were highest in Group 3. CONCLUSIONS: In situ fusion surgery in patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis with small L5 transverse processes (surface area, < 2 cm2) results in a high rate of pseudarthrosis. Circumferential procedures result in the highest rate of fusion and are effective in achieving fusion in those patients with established pseudarthrosis. The use of long (> 60 mm) iliac screws bilaterally (n = 21) in addition to bicortical sacral screws (four-point sacral-pelvis fixation) along with anterior column fusion reduces the risk of instrumentation failure in a decompression and reduction procedure. Outcomes of function, pain, and satisfaction are excellent in those in whom fusion is achieved. The risks in circumferential fusion-reduction procedures are acceptable.     

经皮显微脊柱内窥镜下松解复位植骨内固定治疗难复性寰枢关节脱位

目的探讨经皮显微脊柱内窥镜（MED）下松解、复位和寰枢椎（C1、2）侧块螺钉内固定植骨融合治疗难复性C1、2关节脱位的可行性和安全性。方法8例患者中齿突发育不良3例,陈旧性齿突骨折2例,先天性齿突缺如、颅底凹陷症和齿突不连各1例。按Symon和Lavender临床标准评定中型4例,重型3例,特重型1例,施行经皮MED下C1前间隙松解、复位、侧块螺钉固定和植骨融合术。结果8例难复性寰枢椎关节脱位7例完全复位,1例部分复位。全部采用经皮前路C1、2侧块螺钉固定,位置良好,平均手术时间120min（90-150min）,出血量150ml（100-250m1）。随访8-16个月,总有效率100％,显效率51．25％;椎管减压平均改善率76．5％。无内固定断裂与松脱,骨性愈合,颈部旋转受限30°～40°。结论MED下C1、2前间隙松解、复位、侧块螺钉固定和植骨融合治疗寰枢椎关节脱位,达到传统开放手术要求,此技术安全有效。