58例急性肺栓塞治疗方案的选择与评估

目的 探讨急性肺栓塞（ＡＰＥ）的最佳治疗方案。评估重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂和尿激酶（ＵＫ）２小时连续静脉溶栓法的可行性及临床疗效。方法 ５８例经放射性核素肺灌注通过扫描（ＥＣＴ）或选择性肺动脉造影（ＣＰＡ）确诊为ＡＰＥ的患者,采用ｒｔ－ＰＡ或ＵＫ２小时连续静脉滴注法（简称２小时法）或ＵＫ小剂量每日１次３￣７日法溶栓及单纯抗凝法,栓子切除法治疗。比较并分析不同治疗方案的临床疗效。结果 溶栓治疗４１例     

29例急性肺栓塞临床观察及治疗研究

目的分析急性肺栓塞的临床特点,观察溶栓抗凝治疗对急性肺栓塞的临床治疗效果。方法２９例肺栓塞患者根据放射性核素肺灌注通气检查、选择性肺动脉造影或超声心动图确诊。对其中２３例肺栓塞患者行静脉溶栓加抗凝治疗２９例次;６例肝素抗凝治疗,以临床及核素检查评价其治疗效果。结果男性患者中以年轻超力型发病者较高,女性患者以更年期以后发病明显增高。院外误诊率高达７５．９％。临床上以呼吸困难为主要表现者多见;尿激酶或重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）溶栓２９例次,总有效率为６５．５％。根据本组有限病例观察溶栓效果与栓塞的面积未见差异,而与发病开始到溶栓治疗的时间密切相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。肝素抗凝６例,１例显效,２例有效,３例无效。结论应提高对急性肺栓塞的警惕性,减少误诊率;尿激酶或ｒｔ－ＰＡ对急性肺栓塞溶栓抗凝治疗安全有效,溶栓时间越早越好;对有溶栓适应证的患者应首选溶栓治疗。     

硝酸甘油介入心肌断层显像诊断心肌梗死患者存活心肌方法的研究

目的：探讨硝酸甘油介入９９ｍ 锝－甲氧基异丁基异腈（９９ｍ Ｔｃ－ＭＩＢＩ）心肌显像估测心肌梗死（ＭＩ）患者存活心肌的价值和方法。方法：５１ 例ＭＩ患者分成急性ＭＩ（ＡＭＩ）１３ 例、陈旧性ＭＩ组１３例和ＡＭＩ溶栓组１０ 例、非溶栓组１５ 例,先行静息态９９ｍ Ｔｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌显像,２４ ｈ 后分别静脉和口含硝酸甘油,行介入心肌显像。结果：５１ 例行硝酸甘油介入后心肌显像表明心肌节段灌注异常较介入前有一定程度改善（７９／１４１,５６．０３％ ）,硝酸甘油介入前后平均记分值分别为７．４８±２．３２、５．４５±２．１７（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论：口含硝酸甘油介入９９ｍ Ｔｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌显像方法简便,可有效提高ＭＩ患者存活心肌检出率。特别是溶栓治疗后ＡＭＩ患者存活心肌的检出率更高。     

一种新的肝癌阳性显像剂~（99m）Tc（v）－DMSA临床应用—98例SPECT结果分析

本文报告用五价锝标记的二巯基丁二酸（~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ（ｖ）－ＤＭＳＡ）作为肝癌的阳性显像剂，应用于１１９例包括９８例肝癌和２１例良性肝病的ＳＰＥＣＴ。结果诊断肝癌的敏感性为８８．８％，特异性９５．３％、准确性８９．９％。而Ｂ超和Ｘ线ＣＴ的肝癌诊断敏感性各为５４．３％和６７．７％，结论认为~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ－ＤＭＳＡ是一种良好的肝癌阳性显像剂。     

急性心肌梗死组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓疗效与内源性纤溶功能的关系

目的：研究急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗后梗死相关动脉早期再通与内源性纤溶功能之间的关系。方法：５２例急性心肌梗死患者在症状出现６小时内，静脉注射４０～６０ｍＵ双链基因重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）；并测定溶栓治疗前血中组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）抗原，Ｄ－二聚体，组织型纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物（ＰＡＩ）抗原，纤溶酶原—抗纤溶酶原复合物（ＰＩＣ），脂蛋白（ａ）浓度；并于溶栓治疗开始９０分钟内进行冠状动脉造影。结果：根据心肌梗死溶栓试验（ＴＩＭＩ）分级标准分为：再通组（ｎ＝３０）有梗死相关动脉再通（５８％），未通组（ｎ＝２２）无梗死相关动脉再通（４２％）。再通组内源性ｔ－ＰＡ浓度高于未通组，Ｄ－二聚体、纤溶酶原—抗纤溶酶原复合物、ＰＡＩ、脂蛋白（ａ）均无明显差异。结论：内源性ｔ－ＰＡ浓度与急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗再通有密切关系。     

新的肾功能显像剂~（99m）锝—双半胱氨酸的临床研究

一个新的肾功能显像剂９９ｍ锡一双半胱氨酸（９９Ｔｃ－ＥＣ）首先在国内研制成功，并进行了临床研究。结果表明：９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣ的肾动态显像的２０ｍｉｎ清除率明显高于９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＴＰＡ。与数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）比较，其对肾血管性高血压病的诊断符合率达到９０％以上。９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣ是一种肾小管排泌型的药物，９９ｍＴｃ－ＤＴＰＡ是肾小球过滤型药物。在临床上二者互相补充，可更好地如实反映肾脏功能的情况。     

肺栓塞的介入性治疗和并发症的预防

１　肺栓塞（ＰＥ）介入治疗的适应证１－１　ＰＥ介入溶栓适应证　ＰＥ血流动力学不稳定者是溶栓或介入溶栓的适应证,应用尿激酶或链激酶、重组组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）使肺栓子、深静脉血栓溶解,以改善血流动力障碍造成的严重病情和消除再次栓塞肺动脉栓子的来源。血流动力学稳定者是抗凝治疗适应证,可先给肝素,目前常选用ＬＭＷＨ［１］。１－２　安装下腔静脉滤过器的适应证　为防止下肢、盆腔静脉脱落栓子使ＰＥ重复发生,尤其有活动性出血不能用抗凝治疗以消除血栓的病人,或抗凝失败仍反复发生ＰＥ的病人,应安装…     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗的新方案——60分钟栓体舒治疗方案

急性心肌梗塞溶栓治疗的新方案——６０分钟栓体舒治疗方案［ＧｕｌｂａＤＣ，ＴａｎｓｗｅｌＰ，ＤｅｃｈｅｎｄＲ，ｅｔａｌ．ＪＡｍＣｏｌＣａｒｄｉｏｌ，１９９７，３０（７）：１６１１（英文）］为寻找重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）——栓体舒（ａｌｔｅ...     

~（99m）Tc－PMT全身显像搜寻肝细胞癌肝外转移灶

１６例肝细胞性肝癌伴有肝外转移病灶的患者，用~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ－吡哆－５甲基色氨酸（~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ－ＰＭＴ）作全身显像，以观察肝外病灶的放射性浓聚。其中骨转移９例，肺转移６例，纵隔软组织转移１例。静脉注射５５５ＭＢｑ（１５ｍＣｉ）~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ－ＰＭＴ后，先按常规方法作肝显像，并在１、２或３ｈ后追加全身显像或避开肝胆道加摄局部片。本组１６例中８例转移病灶表现为异常放射性集积，病灶分别位于胸骨柄、胸椎、股骨颈、肺及纵隔等相应部位。检测阳性率为５０．０％。由于~（９９ｍ）Ｔｃ－ＰＭＴ肝显像的组织特异性高，对疑及肝细胞癌肝外转移的患者，可用本方法初筛搜寻病灶。     

急性心肌梗死溶栓患者凝血与纤溶系统的改变及临床意义

目的应用链激酶（ＳＫ）、重组链激酶（ｒ－ＳＫ）、尿激酶（ＵＫ）、重组组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）患者,比较其凝血与纤溶系统的动态变化。方法对４３例经溶栓治疗（ＳＫ８例,ｒ－ＳＫ１３例,ＵＫ１６例,ｒｔ－ＰＡ６例）的ＡＭＩ患者,分别于溶栓前后动态检测凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）、活化的部分凝血活酶时间（ＡＰＴＴ）、纤维蛋白原（ＦＧ）、Ｄ二聚体（Ｄ－Ｄｉｍｅｒ）、纤溶酶原（ＰＬＧ）、α２抗纤溶酶（α２ＡＰ）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（ＰＡＩ－１）等指标的活性或含量。结果应用ＳＫ、ｒ－ＳＫ、ＵＫ、ｒｔ－ＰＡ溶栓治疗后,均会引起凝血活性的明显降低与纤溶活性的明显增高。ＳＫ与ｒ－ＳＫ对凝血与纤溶系统的影响略高于ＵＫ。ｒｔ－ＰＡ对ＦＧ含量影响低于另外３者（Ｐ值均＜００５）。结论凝血与纤溶活性的变化与溶栓疗效关系密切     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.