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1.
美国心脏协会(AHA)/美国卒中协会(ASA)新近发表的最新脑卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)二级预防指南,是由美国麻省总医院脑卒中服务中心主任Furie博士及18名专家组成的编写委员会制定,目的是为临床医生预防缺血性脑卒中和TIA幸存者脑卒中再发提供最新的循证建议。  相似文献   

2.
在世界范围内,脑卒中是仅次于心脏病的第二位致死原因。有脑卒中或TIA病史的患者再发卒中的风险增高。例如,有TIA的患者10.5%会在3个月内发生缺血性卒中。为减少再发脑卒中发生率,AHA/ASA提出了如下推荐:  相似文献   

3.
卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作患者卒中预防建议的更新   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会(AHA/ASA)卒中预防编写委员会继2006年《卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者的卒中预防建议》发布之后,近期又对一些新近发表的试验结果进行了评审,旨在提供新的数据,以更新具体的建议,并提供修改的理由。新发表的临床试验主要涉及两个方面:一是使用特异性抗血小板聚集剂在有非心源性缺血性卒中或TIA史的患者中进行卒中预防;  相似文献   

4.
该文探讨颅内外血管狭窄对首次短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)后早期预后的影响。方法:对196例首次发作TIA的患者行脑数字减影血管造影术检查,根据是否有颅内外狭窄,将其分为颅内外血管狭窄组(狭窄组)142例和无颅内外血管狭窄组(正常组)54例,比较两组3月内的缺血性脑卒中发生率、TIA再发率和病死率;用logistic回归分析危险因素,  相似文献   

5.
邢广羽  蒲传强 《山东医药》2007,47(32):160-162
高血压是短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)/缺血性脑卒中主要致病因素之一,同时也是卒中复发的独立危险因素。在TIA/缺血性卒中稳定后,降压治疗进行二级预防已经达成共识,但急性期(0~2周)是否需要降压,何时、如何降压等问题尚未达成共识。有人主张升高血压以提高脑组织灌注压、挽救半暗带;有人主张降低血压以减轻脑水肿、降低复发率。其争论的核心问题是:血压自发、人为改变能否改善卒中预后、预防复发,本文对上述相关问题进行综述。  相似文献   

6.
脑卒中后降压治疗临床试验(PATS)是一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的大样本多中心临床试验研究,旨在探讨降压治疗是否降低脑卒中或一过性脑缺血发作(TIA)后的高血压或正常血压患者脑卒中及其他并发症的再发生与死亡率,采用密封信封系统将5665例符合入选条件的病人随机分为吲哒帕胺治疗组(2841例,吲哒帕胺2.5mg,l/d)和安慰剂对照组(2824例,安慰剂每日1片)。平均收缩压为154mmHg(80~280mmHg);平均舒张压为93mmHg(50~150mmHg)。平均年龄60岁,其中女性占28%,71%为缺血性脑卒中。平均随访时间近2年。3年随访期间,安慰剂组平均收缩压为149mmHg,吲哒帕胺治疗组为144mmHg,两组平均舒张压分别为89和87mmHg。安慰剂组致死性与非致死性脑卒中的3年初次发生率为12.3%,吲哒帕胺组为9.4%,相对危险度为0.71(P=0.0009)。全病因死亡的相对危险度为0.91(NS)。本试验的初步结果显示:给予脑卒中和TIA后病人吲哒帕胺2.5mgl/d,使血压下降5/2mmHg,可使致死性与非致死性脑卒中发生的危险降低29%,3年的绝对受益为减少29/1000脑卒中事件。  相似文献   

7.
降压治疗对脑卒中再发预防的研究(国际多中心随机双盲对照临床试验设计方案)脑卒中再发预防研究中国协作组*EfectofAntihypertensivetherapyinpreventingtherecurenceofStrokePROGRESSCopo...  相似文献   

8.
青年脑卒中的危险因素分析(附51例报告)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨青年脑卒中的危险因素,为更好地治疗及有效地预防青年脑卒中提供可靠的依据。方法对51例青年脑卒中行头颅CT、MRI、DSA、彩色多普勒及实验室检查,结合病史及复习有关资料。结果出血性脑卒中22例,其中蛛网膜下腔出血4例;脑梗死23例;TIA发作4例;无症状性脑梗死2例;有高血压病史16例(占31.4%,嗜铬细胞瘤所致者2例);风心病病史3例(占5.9%);吸烟史19例(占37.3%);饮酒史20例(占39.2%);血脂异常15例(占29.4%);血糖升高6例(占11.8%);高同型半胱氨酸血症3例(占5.9%)。结论高血压是脑卒中最重要的危险因素,吸烟饮酒是青年脑卒中的最危险因素,高同型半胱氨酸血症是动脉硬化、缺血性卒中和TIA的独立危险因素,也是青年脑卒中的危险因素。高胆固醇血症及脂质代谢异常是引起青年缺血性脑卒中的主要危险因素。  相似文献   

9.
《中华高血压杂志》2006,14(12):1002
积极降低胆固醇预防脑卒中(Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reductionin Cholesterol Levels,SPARCL)研究目的在于评估既往已有脑卒中,一过性脑缺血(TIA)、冠心病(CVD)的病人用他汀治疗的效果[Cerebrovasc,Dis,2006,21(suppl4):s13。该研究收治4731名病人,平均年龄62.5岁。男/女比为60%/40%。病人中62%高血压,16%为糖尿病,20%颈动脉狭窄,30%有TIA史,70%有脑卒中史(其中3%为出血性)。30d准备期后,病人随机服用大剂量阿托伐他汀80mg/d(n=2365)或安慰剂(n=2366),大部分病人都用阿司匹林(90%),降压治疗(70%)。随访5年,  相似文献   

10.
72例短暂性脑缺血发作患者第四次长期随访   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
目的 观察短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者首次TIA的复发、完全性卒中与心肌梗死的发生以及生存情况,并探讨TIA患者行神经血管外科手术的临床价值。方法 对72例TIA患者进行面对面的随访,以首次TIA发作为起点,到最后一次随访(1998年)止。结合前3次随访资料进行分析,并依据寿命表原理对随访资料进行生存分析。结果 总的TIA复发率为27.9%,首次安全性卒中的发生率为65.7%,心肌梗死的发生率为8.4%,病死率为72.7%。主要死亡原因因为完全性卒中,占所有死亡患者的59.6%,其中非老年患者的首位死亡原因为脑出血,老年患者的首位死亡原因为脑梗死。致死性心肌梗死患者2例,占死亡患者的3.8%。满20年的生存率为39.9%。其95%可信区间为(28.4%,51.4%)。有神经血管外科手术指征的患者19例,占所有患者的26.6%。结论 首次TIA后约有近1/3TIA患者出现TIA复发,完全性卒中的发生率明显高于心肌梗死的发生率。主要死亡原因为完全性卒中而非心肌梗死。估计用神经血管外科手术来预防TIA患者发生完全性卒中的作用有限。  相似文献   

11.
背景在工业化国家,缺血性卒中是死亡和生活依赖的一个重要原因;其发病率高(每年影响高达0.2%的人口)而且通常会致死或致残.缺血性卒中后第1个月有1/6的患者死亡,而且尽管想方设法使他们康复并防止并发症、卒中再发和其他严重的血管性发作,但仍有1/2的存活者遗留永久性残疾.优化急性缺血性卒中患者的早期和不间断的处理对降低病死率和长期残疾至关重要.近期的发展最近,美国卒中学会(ASA)卒中委员会和欧洲卒中促进会(EUSI)发表了缺血性卒中患者的早期处理指南.虽然横跨大西洋的差异可能会产生一些不同的解释、优先考虑事宜和观点,但这2个指南如出一辙,甚至连一些有争议的问题也是如此.我们认为,这不仅是因为两个撰写小组已经有机会在国际会议上讨论许多有争议的问题,而且也因为两个小组都赞同循证医学的观念并为了干预的有效性将他们的建议建立在相似证据等级的分类上.这是循证医学的一个胜利,也是朝着全世界急性卒中处理的统一的方向迈出的重要一步.  相似文献   

12.
Stroke   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Donnan GA  Fisher M  Macleod M  Davis SM 《Lancet》2008,371(9624):1612-1623
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and major cause of disability worldwide. Because of the ageing population, the burden will increase greatly during the next 20 years, especially in developing countries. Advances have occurred in the prevention and treatment of stroke during the past decade. For patients with acute stroke, management in a stroke care unit, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h or aspirin within 48 h of stroke onset, and decompressive surgery for supratentorial malignant hemispheric cerebral infarction are interventions of proven benefit; several other interventions are being assessed. Proven secondary prevention strategies are warfarin for patients with atrial fibrillation, endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, antiplatelet agents, and cholesterol reduction. The most important intervention is the management of patients in stroke care units because these provide a framework within which further study might be undertaken. These advances have exposed a worldwide shortage of stroke health-care workers, especially in developing countries.  相似文献   

13.
14.
15.
Stroke     
Warlow C  Sudlow C  Dennis M  Wardlaw J  Sandercock P 《Lancet》2003,362(9391):1211-1224
Stroke is a major public-health burden worldwide. Prevention programmes are essential to reduce the incidence of stroke and to prevent the all but inevitable stroke epidemic, which will hit less developed countries particularly hard as their populations age and adopt lifestyles of the more developed countries. Efficient, effective, and rapid diagnosis of stroke and transient ischaemic attack is crucial. The diagnosis of the exact type and cause of stroke, which requires brain imaging as well as traditional clinical skills, is also important when it will influence management. The treatment of acute stroke, the prevention and management of the many complications of stroke, and the prevention of recurrent stroke and other serious vascular events are all improving rapidly. However, stroke management will only be most effective when delivered in the context of an organised, expert, educated, and enthusiastic stroke service that can react quickly to the needs of patients at all stages from onset to recovery.  相似文献   

16.

Purpose

Raloxifene reduces vertebral fracture and invasive breast cancer risks, but increases fatal strokes in postmenopausal women at increased coronary risk. We assessed whether this risk is concentrated in postmenopausal women already at high stroke risk.

Methods

Raloxifene Use for The Heart (RUTH) enrolled 10,101 postmenopausal women (mean age 67 years) with or at increased coronary heart disease risk; Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) enrolled 7705 osteoporotic postmenopausal women (mean age 66 years). A Framingham Stroke Risk Score (FSRS) was calculated for all women with no prior cerebrovascular events (n = 16,858). The validity of the FSRS was assessed in the placebo groups, and then raloxifene-associated stroke risk was analyzed by FSRS subgroups.

Results

FSRS predicted an increased stroke risk in the placebo group of both clinical trials. There was no difference in the incidence of nonfatal strokes between the raloxifene and placebo groups in MORE or RUTH, regardless of baseline Framingham stroke risk. In RUTH, women with FSRS <13 showed no increase in raloxifene-associated fatal stroke risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-2.37). Those with FSRS ≥13 had a 75% increased risk of raloxifene-associated fatal stroke (HR 1.75; 95% CI, 1.01-3.02; interaction P = .33). In MORE, where 80% of women had a FSRS <13, no increase in fatal (HR 0.57; 95% CI, 0.19-1.68) stroke risk was observed.

Discussion

Risk of fatal stroke associated with raloxifene was greater in women at high stroke risk. These results might be useful for identifying postmenopausal women at high risk of first stroke who should avoid raloxifene therapy.  相似文献   

17.
无症状卒中研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
随着影像学技术的发展,尤其是磁共振弥散加权成像的应用,可以很容易地检测到无症状卒中病灶.无症状卒中的患病率和发病率均高于有症状卒中,年龄、高血压、心房颤动等是其公认的危险因素.尽管按照定义无症状卒中缺乏临床卒中样症状,但仔细检查仍常有轻微的躯体和认知功能障碍.此外,无症状卒中还与随后的有症状卒中、认知功能减退以及痴呆的发生有关.因此,临床医生需予以重视,积极控制其高危因素和改善其预后.  相似文献   

18.
在美国,卒中一直是残疾和死亡的重要原因。每年约有70万例美国人新发或复发卒中,在与其他心血管病分开评价时,卒中在美国仍是第三位死亡原因。在美国卒中还是严重和长期残疾的第一位原因[1]。在过去几十年里,卒中的预防、治疗和康复已取得重大进展。尽管在实施新的有效治疗方法方面取得了一些成功,但在确保将这些科学进展转化为临床实践的过程中仍然存在很大障碍。在很多情况下,这些障碍与卒中相关医疗分散有关,后者是在提供卒中治疗过程中原本应密切协作的各种设施、机构和医疗专业人员整合不够充分所致。人们日益强调对卒中医疗各个组成部…  相似文献   

19.
随着影像学技术的发展,尤其是磁共振弥散加权成像的应用,可以很容易地检测到无症状卒中病灶。无症状卒中的患病率和发病率均高于有症状卒中,年龄、高血压、心房颤动等是其公认的危险因素。尽管按照定义无症状卒中缺乏临床卒中样症状,但仔细检查仍常有轻微的躯体和认知功能障碍。此外,无症状卒中还与随后的有症状卒中、认知功能减退以及痴呆的发生有关。因此,临床医生需予以重视,积极控制其高危因素和改善其预后。  相似文献   

20.
The incidence of stroke and risk factors peak in subjects > or = 75 years. Highest risk patients benefit most from effective therapy. For this reason, all strategies of proven value in stroke prevention must be assiduously applied. Control of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and cessation of cigarette smoking are obligatory at all ages but are of special importance in the elderly. Antithrombotic drugs have been proven beneficial for patients at high risk. Lower risk subjects, including those with asymptomatic carotid artery disease, gain no proven benefit from anti-platelet drugs. Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), a condition that increases with age, require anticoagulant therapy. Strict regulation of the INR is required otherwise aspirin is recommended. Without evidence of organ failure, elderly patients with severely stenotic symptomatic carotid artery disease should receive endarterectomy. They benefit most. The evidence for benefit from endarterectomy in asymptomatic subjects at any age is weak and cannot be recommended.  相似文献   

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