位置性眩晕的临床诊疗分析

目的 探讨位置性眩晕的临床诊断、治疗的更佳方案。方法 回顾性研究分析233例表现为位置性眩晕患者的临床特点及治疗效果。结果 233例中226例良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV),中枢性眩晕6例(Arnold-Chiari 畸形1例、多发性硬化2例、小脑腔隙性梗塞2例、小脑出血1例),颈部寰枢椎脱位1例。后半规管BPPV 182例经复位法治疗,治愈129例(70.88%),改善39例(21.43%),无效14例(7.70%)。其他类型半规管BPPV 44例,治愈24例(54.54%),改善13例(29.55%),无效7例(15.91%)。Arnold-Chiari 畸形采用神经外科手术治疗治愈,寰枢椎脱位采用颈部牵引、多发性硬化和小脑腔隙性梗塞及小脑出血神经科保守治疗,症状缓解。结论 准确诊断和系统治疗是治疗位置性眩晕的关键。     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕诊断治疗进展

良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)指头部运动到特殊位置诱发的短暂性眩晕,是最常见的外周性眩晕.近年来国内外对BPPV研究不断深入,临床医务工作者对该病也越来越熟悉.本文将从病理基础、治疗方式、复位后相关问题及最新进展做一综述.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕与合并疾病的关联性分析

探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）的发病病因及风险因素。     

Paroxysmal vertigo with nystagmus in children

IntroductionA pathological nystagmus is an objective sign that a patient feels vertigo. However, there have been few opportunities to observe and record pathological nystagmus during a paroxysmal vertigo attack. Furthermore, it can be difficult to obtain cooperation in pediatric patients. We present two cases of paroxysmal vertigo in children in whom we successfully recorded and analyzed their pathological nystagmus during a vertigo attack.MethodsOf a total sample of 4349 patients seen at our hospital for dizziness in the last decade, a retrospective analysis revealed that 68 were children (<15 years old; 1.6%). Of these 68 children, we successfully identified pathological nystagmus during paroxysmal vertigo in only two (2.9%).ResultsCase 1 was a 4-year-old girl. She felt vertigo the strongest when her left ear was down in the supine position. We observed and recorded her nystagmus during a vertigo attack with her mother's permission. Her positional nystagmus in the supine position was horizontal persistent apogeotropic nystagmus. Rightward nystagmus in the left-ear-down supine position was stronger than leftward nystagmus in the right-ear-down supine position. Therefore, the diagnosis was right lateral canal type of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, of which the pathophysiology was cupulolithiasis. The other patient was an 11-year-old boy. He had a family history of migraines. His vertigo attacks occurred after onset of a severe migraine and lasted between 2 and 48 h. During an attack that we observed, he showed nystagmus, which was direction-fixed right torsional and rightward in darkness. His mother had noticed that his eyes moved abnormally and that his left eye did not shift to the left side when he looked leftward. He was old enough to clearly express his own symptoms. Other neurological examinations were normal. The diagnosis was vestibular migraine.ConclusionsWe analyzed a pathological nystagmus during paroxysmal vertigo in two children. We conclude that children can be diagnosed with a combination of careful history taking and accurate examinations of a pathological nystagmus.     

眩晕头晕主诉患者中良性阵发性位置性眩晕的占比分析

研究分析良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）在眩晕头晕主诉患者的占比。     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕鉴别诊断及治疗进展

良性阵发性位置性眩晕作为周围性眩晕发病率最高的病种已为越来越多的临床医师所熟悉,本文将BPPV的发病率、发病机制、鉴别诊断及治疗手段等最新研究进展做一综述.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕伴幽闭恐惧症患者临床特征及诊疗体会

目的 分析良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)伴幽闭恐惧症患者临床特征,探讨临床诊断治疗的注意事项。方法 回顾性研究48例BPPV伴幽闭恐惧症患者临床资料,对患者一般情况、检查方法、检查次数、治疗次数、疗效、复发率、心理状态及生活质量改善程度进行分析,并与同期50例原发性BPPV患者进行比较。结果 两组患者的总有效率、平均治疗次数、复发率和生活质量得到改善情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患者的首次检查确诊率(P=0.019)、社会活动恢复情况(P=0.000)有显著性差异。结论 对于BPPV伴幽闭恐惧症患者,临床建议给予多次裸眼检查或多次复诊观察眼震以明确诊断。BPPV伴幽闭恐惧症患者经治疗后生活质量改善情况好,但幽闭恐惧症患者在治疗后参与社会活动方面受影响,需要给予关注。     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕及其诊断治疗的思考

<正>良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)是最常见的前庭周围性疾病,在眩晕患者的比例为17%～42%~([1-3]),以后半规管受累多见。中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会、中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会在2006年贵阳标准基础上,借鉴国外诊疗指南及相关文献,结合国情对BPPV进行统一命名、完善诊断分     

Variables affecting treatment in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

OBJECTIVE: To identify variables affecting outcome in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) treated with canalith repositioning maneuvers. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of patients at a tertiary vestibular rehabilitation center. METHODS: Variables identified for statistical analysis included method of diagnosis, age, sex, onset association with trauma, semicircular canal involvement, presence of bilateral disease, treatment visits, and cycles of canalith repositioning maneuvers per treatment visit. Multivariate statistical analysis using Pearson chi2, likelihood ratio, linear-by-linear association, and cross-tabulation tests were performed. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-nine patients with BPPV who received treatment were identified from 1996 to 1998. Average follow-up time was 16.9 months. 74.8% required one treatment visit, 19.0% required a second treatment visit, and 98.4% were successfully treated after three treatment visits. The remainder required up to seven treatment visits for relief of symptoms. Variables affecting the number of treatment visits included bilateral disease or location of disease other than in the posterior semicircular canal. Patient age, sex, method of diagnosis, and onset association with trauma had no statistically significant impact. CONCLUSION: Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo not located in a single posterior semicircular canal are more likely to require multiple visits for canalith repositioning.     

The treatment of horizontal canal positional vertigo: our experience in 66 cases.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The horizontal semicircular canal variant of paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-PPV) shows three subtype nystagmic patterns: 1) bilateral geotropic nystagmus, 2) bilateral apogeotropic nystagmus that may switch into bilateral geotropic, and 3) bilateral apogeotropic nystagmus that never switches into bilateral geotropic. In recent years, many methods of physical treatment have been proposed for HSC-PPV, yet no standard protocol has been defined. We studied the effects of different methods according to each different form of HSC-PPV after a precise definition of the nystagmic and clinical features. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective trial of 66 patients with horizontal canal paroxysmal positional vertigo treated with a combination of rotational maneuver and forced prolonged position. METHODS: We evaluated 66 patients with HSC-PPV in its three subtypes. For patients with bilateral geotropic nystagmus, the "barbecue" method was combined with "forced prolonged position." Patients with bilateral geotropic nystagmus were submitted to maneuvers aimed at a switch to bilateral geotropic. The cases that did not switch were submitted to a modified fourth step of the Semont maneuver. RESULTS: Eighty percent of the patients with bilateral geotropic nystagmus became symptom free within the second session, and in 90% of the patients, symptoms were resolved by the third session. In the bilateral apogeotropic cases, the modified fourth step of the Semont maneuver resulted in 75% of the patients being symptom free. CONCLUSIONS: The correct identification of both nystagmic pattern and site of the lesion is crucial for the choice of physical treatment of HSC-PPV and its success. We have standardized the treatment protocol consisting of a "barbecue" maneuver followed by "forced prolonged position" in cases of geotropic nystagmus and a modified fourth step of the Semont maneuver for apogeotropic nystagmus. Our results appear encouraging because 90% of the entire study group was symptom free after three sessions.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕发病机制的探讨

随着国内学者对良性阵发性位置性眩晕(benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV)的认识水平提高和复位治疗效果的高度关注,相关研究逐渐增多,但多数研究还是以探讨手法复位的疗效为主,对于耳石从耳石床分离及脱落的根本原因重视程度不足,有关研究也相对较少.因此,本文主要对BPPV发病机制方面的文献进行复习和归类并进行综述,以期为进一步深入研究BPPV和规范化治疗提供科学依据,进而推动BPPV诊治向标准化、规范化和专业化的方向发展.     

Contralateral incipient posterior canal benign positional paroxysmal vertigo: complication after Epley maneuver

Background: Particle repositioning procedures give consistent results for the treatment of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV). However, little consideration has been given to the possibilities of bilateral disease. Objective/Hypothesis: To report contralateral symptoms and signs suggestive of revealed or incipient BPPV as a complication of Epley maneuver. Study Design: A prospective cohort of 198 cases over a period of 11 years. Results: Ten (5.0%) developed contralateral symptoms and signs suggestive of revealed or incipient posterior canal BPPV within 2 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: This novel observation has not been previously described and may influence the strategy for future management of patients with BPPV. Particle repositioning maneuvers for the previously asymptomatic contralateral ear may need to be considered in a subset of patients with posterior canal BPPV who suffer contralateral symptoms after undergoing treatment for the original ear.     

Exercise treatment for paroxysmal positional vertigo: comparison of two types of exercises

Summary The use of exercises can be an excellent method for treating benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). We compared the results obtained by a progressive training method, vestibular habituation training (VHT), with a brisk exercise method. While VHT can be applied in all kinds of provoked (positional) vertigo of peripheral origin, the brisk method can be used only in typical BPPV, provided the vertigo is unilaterally provoked. A series of patients with such typical unilateral cases were treated by the brisk method and were compared with a second series of identical cases treated by the VHT technique. The results after 1 week seemed to be different: with the brisk method 52% of the patients were free of vertigo, while only 32% with VHT were vertigo free. This difference is not staistically significant. However, those cases treated by VHT and still having vertigo after 1 week had a striking reduction in the severity of their vertigo, as estimated by the score-system used. In contrast, the scores were unchanged for those cases not responding to the brisk method. Continuation of treatment of these latter cases using VHT exercises showed that the final result after 6 weeks was equal for both groups.     

Recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in two DFNB16 siblings: A CARE case report

IntroductionDeletions or variants of the STRC gene coding for stereocilin cause congenital bilateral mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss without vestibular disorder: DFNB16. Stereocilin is a protein present in vestibular kinocilia embedded in the otoconial membrane of the utricular macula. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a rare form of vertigo in children. The present study reports recurrent positional vertigo in two DFNB16 siblings.ObservationTwo patients, 10 and 15 years old, presented with recurrent disabling positional vertigo episodes, triggered by turning over in bed, with a falling sensation. The diagnosis of right posterior canal BPPV was confirmed on Dix-Hallpike maneuvers in one of the patients. Variations in the response of ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were observed. Probable BPPV was diagnosed in the second patient. Their other two siblings did not have hearing loss or vertigo.ConclusionThe absence of stereocilin due to homozygous deletions of the STRC gene in DFNB16 patients can cause vestibular dysfunction, including BPPV.     

复发和非复发良性阵发性位置性眩晕患者温度试验结果比较

目的　比较复发和非复发良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV）患者温度试验特点。方法　收集同期就诊79例BPPV患者,随 访后分为复发组26例和非复发组53例,均采用冷热温度试验检测一侧减弱（unilateral weakness,UW）发生率,并对结果进行比较分析。结果　复发组UW19例（73.08%）,非复发组UW26例（49.06%）,二者比较差异有统计学意义（χ 2=4.11,P＜0.05）。复发组温度试验UW正常或轻度减弱10例（38.46%）,非复发组37例（69.81%）,二者比较差异有统计学意义（χ 2=7.11,P＜0.01）。后半规管BPPV患者UW31例（56.36%）,外半规管BPPV患者UW14例（58.33%）,二者比较差异无统计学意义（χ 2=0.02,P＞0.05）。45例温度试验异常的BPPV患者中,减弱侧和病变侧不一致率高（57.78%）。两组优势偏向（directional preponderance,DP）异常率比较差异无统计学意义（χ 2=0.16,P＞0.05）。结论  复发组UW发生率高于非复发组,且复发组UW程度较非复发组严重。温度试验为BPPV患者的治疗及预后提供参考依据。     

顽固性良性阵发性位置性眩晕的发病机制及治疗

目的 回顾性分析我科门诊及住院患者中顽固性良性阵发性位置性眩晕的患者,分析发病因素及治疗手段,为顽固性良性阵发性位置性眩晕的发病机理及治疗提供新思路.方法 收集2010年1月-2010年12月我科门诊诊断为顽固性良性阵发性位置性眩晕的患者16人,分析发病因素、治疗手段及预后.结果 16例患者经手法复位、体位训练及药物辅助治疗后,眩晕症状基本消失,随访半年未再发作.结论 顽固性良性阵发性位置性眩晕发病机制可能与内耳缺血、运动及活动减少有关,我们采用保守治疗的方法,疗效满意.     

良性阵发性位置性眩晕的急性期处理策略

目的　探讨良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV）急性期临床特点、处理策略。方法　回顾性分析福建医科大学附属第一医院 耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2010年10月～2014年10月期间诊断为急性期BPPV患者46例,予口服抗眩晕治疗,分析急性期处理策略、手法复位的相关风险及并发症。结果　46例急性期BPPV患者予口服抗眩晕治疗,1周后复诊时症状消失痊愈18例,症状改善有效27例,无效者1例;对仍有眩晕的28例予手法复位,眼震、症状均消失。另外报道1例急性期BPPV在手法复位过程中,出现腰椎骨折,予对应处理;1例在耳石复位后出现耳石嵌顿现象并短暂性脑缺血发作。结论  BPPV因发病病程长短、自愈性、急性期BPPV手法复位可能存在的风险,应充分评估患者全身情况;对骨质疏松、围绝经期患者,复位过程中应充分告知手法复位风险并采取相应预防性措施,避免副损伤。     

并发良性阵发性位置性眩晕的突发性聋患者预后相关性分析

目的　探讨并发良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV）的突发性聋病例特征及BPPV与突发性聋预后相关性。方法　对2007 年3月～2013年3月,278例突发性聋病例进行回顾性分析。对治疗前及治疗后的纯音听阈结果进行分析,并对其预后进行多因素回归分析。结果　36例突发性聋病例并发BPPV（12.95%）。并发BPPV的突发性聋患者治疗前及治疗后听力损失重,并发BPPV的突发性聋者预后更差,多因素结果分析显示老龄（＞60岁）、治疗前听力的损失程度、前庭功能异常与突发性聋预后密切相关。结论　并发BPPV的突发性聋者,显示前庭功能受损更重,预后更差。     

Effects of postural restriction after modified Epley maneuver on recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Objective

In the present study, we calculated the success rate of the modified Epley maneuver and determined the effectiveness of post-maneuver positional restriction in terms of the prevention of early and late recurrence.

Methods

The present study was conducted on 78 patients who had unilateral benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) of the posterior semicircular canal (SCC) and who were treated in the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Susehri State Hospital. The Dix–Hallpike test was performed on all patients. After the involved canal was identified using this test, we guided patients through the modified Epley repositioning maneuver. A maximum of two maneuvers were performed in the same session. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was not advised any positional restriction, while the second group was advised positional restriction for 10 days after the procedure. Recurrences during 1–90 days after the treatment were noted as early recurrences, while those that occurred after 90 days were noted as late recurrences.

Results

In the restriction group (n = 39), repositioning was successful after a single maneuver in 32 (82.05%) patients and after two maneuvers in 5 (12.8%) patients. Repositioning failed in two (5.1%) patients. In the non-restriction group (n = 39), repositioning was successful after a single maneuver in 31 (79.4%) patients and after two maneuvers in 6 (15.3%) patients. Repositioning failed in two (5.1%) patients. Thus, the success rate was 94.8% in each group. Early recurrence occurred in 3 (8.1%) of 37 patients in the restriction group and 2 (5.4%) of 37 patients in the non-restriction group (p > 0.05). Late recurrence occurred in 5 (13.5%) of 37 patients in both the restriction and non-restriction groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Postural restriction after a canalith repositioning procedure does not improve procedural success or decrease early and late recurrence rates. However, the number of patients was too small to detect a difference between both treatment groups.