17 871名科技人员心电图的横断面调查分析

目的 研究科技人员的异常心员的异常心电图分布状况,为有针对性地防治心血管病提供科学依据。方法 对中国科学院17871名科技人员进行了心电图检查,按性别、年龄将心电图分类统计。结果 （1）科技人员正常心电图占64%,异常心电图占36%。异常心电图较多的有ST-T改变（6.6%)、低电压（5.6%)、窦性心动过缓（5.7%)、窦性心律失常（4.4%)、束支阻滞（2.0%);（2）除预激综合征外,其它异常心电图都是男性多于女性;（3）多数异常心电图的检出率随年龄增加而增加,但窦性心律失常、预激综合征随年龄增加而减少,窦性心动过速 的检出率与年龄呈“杓形”关系。结论 科技人员异常心电图的发生率较高,男性异常心电图发生率高于女性,异常心电图发生率一般随年龄的增高而增高。     

江苏无锡地区机关人员血压与心电图异常的关系

目的:探讨机关人员的血压水平及其与临床心电图异常的关系。方法:通过对江苏无锡地区部分机关的8 540名工作人员的系统查体,计算不同性别的血压分类及高血压患病率,分析不同血压水平的心电图异常检出率。结果:(1)男性正常高限血压占12.12%,高血压占37.15%;女性正常高限血压占7.37%,高血压占21.08%,男性正常高限及高血压患病率显著高于女性(P<0.01);(2)高血压患病率随年龄增高而增高,除70~79岁组外,均为男性显著高于女性(P<0.01);(3)随着血压升高,临床心电图异常分类如ST-T改变、左室高电压、左室肥厚、束支传导阻滞、室性早搏、陈旧性心梗等检出率显著升高。结论:随着血压升高,临床心电图异常特别是室性异常心电图的发生率显著升高。血压达到正常高限时,临床心电图异常率已开始升高。     

808例老年人心电图明尼苏达编码分析

采用ＷＨＯ推荐的明尼苏达心电图编码分类法，对我院收养的８０８例老年人的静息状态心电图进行编码分析，本组老年人异常心电图检出率６７．６％，各类异常心电图检出率顺列如下：Ｑ／ＱＳ型占２．８％，ＳＴ－Ｔ显著改变占２３．８％，房室传导障碍占３．１％，心室内传导阻滞占１４．４％，其他心律失常占２３．６％，除房颤检出率女性高于男性外，其他各类异常心电图男性多于女性，女性各年龄组的各类心电图无明显统计学差异，然     

企业退休职工健康体检心电图异常及其相关因素分析

目的分析企业退休职工心电图异常分布情况及其相关因素。方法结合性别、年龄分析5136名企业退休人员健康体检心电图资料,并分析心电图异常与其它疾病或指标的相关性。结果检出心电图异常共1420例,检出率27.65%,男性显著高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),随年龄增长有显著增加趋势(P<0.01)。前六位异常分别为窦性心动过缓(8.27%)、ST-T波改变(8.04%)、束支或房室传导阻滞(5.63%)、期前收缩(4.60%)、低电压或高电压(1.64%)及心房颤动(1.27%)。除窦性心动过缓外,其它5种均有随年龄增大而显著增加趋势(P<0.01)。心电图异常与高血压及高血尿酸呈正相关(r=0.06、0.04,P<0.05),而且主要是与收缩压相关(r=0.04,P<0.05)。其他与心电图异常有关的包括高血压、糖尿病、高尿酸血症、高甘油三酯血症及超重肥胖等(r=0.06、-0.04、0.05、-0.03、0.06,均P<0.05)。结论企业退休职工异常心电图发生率较高,男性比女性多见,且随年龄的增长而增加;异常心电图与高血压及高尿酸血症等因素相关。     

健康体检老年人心电图异常特征分析

目的观察老年人健康体检心电图的特征及相关因素,以明确老年人定期进行心电图检查的重要性。方法随机选取2010年1月-2013年6月参加健康体检的500例老年人,对其进行心电图检测,然后进行统计学分析。结果500例老年人中心电图异常总检出182例,总检出率为36．4％;男性和女性心电图异常检出率分别为39．2％和33．6％,男性检出率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。ST—T异常表现者在心电图异常者中占比最高（44．51％）,其次为传导阻滞（18．68％）及早搏（9．89％）等,且随年龄增大,所占比例呈现上升趋势（P〈0．01）：心电图异常特征与年龄、性别具有相关性。结论老年健康体检时进行心电图检测可以及早发现心电图异常者,老年人进行定期心电图检查对早期发现心血管疾病非常必要。     

20665例普通人群单次尿液和肾功能检查结果及其意义探讨

目的:了解普通人群健康体检时尿检异常(蛋白尿、血尿、白细胞尿)和肾功能减退的检出率,探讨其临床意义。方法:筛查2008-08-12复旦大学附属中山医院健康体检人群的尿液和肾功能检查资料。肾功能减退标准为血清肌酐mg/dl(μmol/L):(1)KEEP标准男性1.5(133),女性1.3(115);(2)NHANES Ⅲ标准男性1.4(124),女性1.2(106),老年(≥65岁)男性≥1.3(115),女性≥1.0(88.4)。结果:共20 665例,其中男性13 320例(64.46%),女性7 345例(35.54%)。尿检异常检出率5.27%,其中男性3.64%,女性8.22%(P0.01);蛋白尿2.68%,男性2.72%,女性2.60%,P0.01;血尿2.41%,男性1.47%,女性4.11%,P0.01;白细胞尿1.71%,男性0.46%,女性4.00%,P0.01。按照KEEP和NHANES Ⅲ标准,肾功能减退检出率分别为0.26%和0.76%,男性和女性分别为0.20%和0.38%(P0.05),0.35%和0.98%(P0.01)。尿检异常人群肾功能减退的检出率显著高于尿检正常人群(KEEP标准1.3%和0.2%,P0.01;NHANES Ⅲ标准2.0%和0.5%,P0.01);肾功能减退人群尿检异常的检出率显著高于肾功能正常人群(KEEP标准25.9%和5.2%,P0.01;NHANES Ⅲ标准18.6%和5.2%,P0.01)。结论:普通人群尿检异常和肾功能减退检出率较高。在健康体检中应重视尿液和肾功能检查,以提高肾脏病的检出率。     

临床药学

,73393氨氯地平药效性(综述)/陈化//高皿压杂志一)t夕‘〕了.5(l)一67一7口973394抗精神病药物致心电图异常284例分析/常瑞莲…刀山东医药一1997,37(2)一18一19 428例中出现异常心电图284例,异常率为66.4写,其中窦性心律失常:窦速占28.3%,窦缓8.1%,窦性心律不齐20%;心肌损害:T波改变者26.8%,ST段压低12.4%,Q一T延长8.1%,u波增高5.6%;传导阻滞:房室传导阻滞5.3%,室内传导阻滞13.4%,完全性右支阻滞2%,完全性左束阻滞1例;异位心律:房早12例,房颤3例,室早12例,室速3例。男性心电图异常60%,女性为76.4%(P<0.01);年龄毛50岁心电图异常57.3%,>50…     

青年男性查体663例心电图分析

目的分析17～22岁年龄段男青年的心电图异常发生情况及产生原因。方法对663例在2008年征兵入伍的男青年心电图进行统计与分析。结果窦性心律不齐164例(24.74%);早期复极158例(23.83%);窦性心动过缓29例(4.37%);短P-R间期25例(3.77%);不完全性右束支传导阻滞26例(3.92%);窦性心动过速10例(1.51%);其他33例(4.97%)。结论青年男性异常心电图以窦性心律不齐、早期复极、窦性心动过缓、短P-R间期、不完全性右束支传导阻滞为常见。     

动态心电图对早期复极综合征的诊断作用

目的了解动态心电图对早期复极综合征的检出率和诊断作用。方法回顾分析5630例动态心电图检查,严格按诊断要求筛选早期复极综合征。结果共筛选出符合早期复极综合征患者98例(1.74%),男性95例,女性3例,年龄13～72(平均39±16)岁。结论动态心电图的早期复极综合征检出率高于常规心电图,以青壮年多见,多无器质性心脏病。     

21322名科技人员血压分类及其与临床心电图诊断类型的关系

目的　研究科技人员的血压水平及其与临床心电图类型的关系。方法　对中国科学院的 2 132 2名科技人员进行了查体 ,计算不同性别的血压分类及高血压患病率 ,分析不同血压水平的临床心电图表现。结果　 (1)血压水平随年龄增高而增高 ,收缩压平均为男 (12 1 3± 2 0 5 )mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa) ,女 (116 3± 2 3 4)mmHg ,舒张压平均为男 (79 9± 2 7 8)mmHg ,女 (76 0± 2 7 30mmHg ,均为男性显著高于女性 (P <0 0 1)。 (2 )男性正常高限血压占 10 1% ,高血压病占 2 8 8% ;女性正常高限血压占 8 5 % ,高血压病占 2 0 4% ,男性高血压病患病率显著高于女性 (P <0 0 1)。经过年龄调整后 ,仍存在这种关系。 (3)随着血压升高 ,临床心电图异常分类如左室肥厚、左室高电压、ST T改变、束支传导阻滞、陈旧性心梗、室性早搏等的检出率显著升高。结论　随着血压升高 ,临床心电图异常特别是心室性异常心电图的发生率显著升高。血压达正常高限时 ,临床心电图异常的检出率已开始升高。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.