乙酰螺旋霉素治疗孕期弓形虫感染62例临床疗效观察

目的 观察乙酰螺旋霉素治疗孕期弓形虫感染的临床疗效。方法 治疗组６２例弓形虫活动性感染孕妇和育龄妇女给予口服乙酰螺旋霉素０．５ｇ,６小时１次,共服１０天,另选择２０例弓形虫活动性感染育龄妇女未给任何治疗作为对照,比较两组弓形虫特异性ＩｇＭ抗体的转阴率。结果 治疗组２９例孕妇和３３例育龄妇女Ｔｏｘ－ＩｇＭ的转阴率分别为８６．２％和８４．８％,而对照组的自然转阴率为１５％,经统计学检验两者均与对照组有     

弓形虫感染与妊娠结局的关系

目的　探讨弓形虫 (toxoplasma ,Tox)感染治疗与妊娠结局的关系。 方法　采用ELISA结合PCR法检出Tox感染并要求治疗的孕妇 5 9例及育龄妇女 91例 (治疗组 ) ,均给予口服乙酰螺旋霉素治疗 ,与同期检出Tox感染 ,但未行治疗的孕妇 6 0例和育龄妇女 79例 (对照组 )进行比较 ,比较其Tox IgM及DNA转阴率、宫内垂直传播率及异常妊娠结局发生率。 　结果　治疗组孕妇及育龄妇女外周血中Tox转阴率分别为 83 0 5 % (49/ 5 9)和 70 33% (6 4 / 91) ,对照组孕妇Tox自然转阴率为35 % (2 1/ 6 0 ) ,育龄妇女为 37 97% (30 / 79) ;宫内垂直传播率为 8 4 % (5 / 5 9) ,明显低于对照组的 4 0 %(2 0 / 5 0 ) (χ2 =11 4 970 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,相对危险度为 0 2 97;随访育龄妇女经治疗Tox转阴后怀孕 2 9例 ,足月分娩 17例 ,脐血Tox IgM、DNA均为阴性 ,体检未发现新生儿异常。　 结论　孕前检测和治疗Tox感染能有效控制胎儿受染 ;孕期治疗能减少孕妇感染 ,降低宫内垂直传播率 ,减少胎儿受损 ,改善妊娠结局。     

妊娠早期发热与巨细胞病毒风疹病毒弓形虫感染的关系及妊娠期监护

目的 探讨妊娠早期（孕10周前孕妇）发热与巨细胞病毒、风疹病毒、弓形虫感染的关系及对要求继续妊娠孕妇的孕期监护方法。方法 观察组为120例（孕10周前）发热（体温38℃以上）孕妇,对照组为无异常的门诊产检早孕（孕10周前）孕妇53 ,两组用ELISA方法检测巨细胞病毒（CMV）、风疹病毒（RV）、弓形虫（TOX）IgM抗体。结果 观察组巨细胞病毒、风疹病毒、弓形虫IgM抗体阳性率和对照组差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）;孕中晚期若胎儿发育异常可考虑引产。结论 孕0周前孕妇中度以上发热与巨细胞病毒、风疹病毒、弓形虫感染无直接相关关系。结合血清学检测后,有重点、针对性地对本组孕妇孕期采用B超多次对胎儿发育情况进行监测,能及早发现孕期胎儿异常情况并予及时相应处理,是孕妇可接受的、非侵入性且有利于发现胎儿异常并减少畸形儿出生的有效手段。     

先天性巨细胞病毒感染的产前诊断

人类巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染是宫内病毒感染最常见的原因,新生儿感染率为0.2％～2.5％。孕妇初发和复发感染均可传给胎儿,初发感染率约为30％,而复发感染率则为0.15％～0.1％。对110例孕妇行血清学筛查,行CMV感染产前诊断。共分4组:A组为妊娠期初发感染,B组为妊娠早期感染,C组无法确认感染时间,D组为B超检查异常者。     

预防免疫对乙型肝炎父婴传播的初步研究

目的　探讨预防乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV )父婴传播 (P FT)的方法。方法　选取 1996年 1月至 2 0 0 2年12月 3 1例孕妇丈夫血清HBVDNA( )、孕妇无HBV感染的病例 ,孕前以乙肝疫苗 (HBVac)免疫至抗 HBs( )后再妊娠 ,自孕 2 0周起 ,每 4周肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白 (HBIG ) 2 0 0IU至产前 (观察组 )。另筛选入院时发现孕妇无HBV感染 (乙肝两对半各指标全阴性 ) ,而丈夫血清HBVDNA ( )的 2 6例夫妇作对照组 ,两组病例产时均取脐带血查HBVDNA ,及抗 HBs ,观察两组新生儿HBV感染率及抗 HBs( )率。结果　观察组新生儿HBV感染率为 16 13 % (5/3 1) ,而对照组感染率为 42 3 1% (11/2 6) ;观察组新生儿抗 HBs( )率为 54 84% (17/3 1) ,对照组为 0 (0 /2 6)。观察组的HBV感染率显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。结论　孕前肌注乙肝HBVac、孕期肌注HBIG可有效预防HBV的P FT。     

不同实验方法在诊断和监测新生儿先天性巨细胞病毒感染中的临床研究

目的　探讨外周血白细胞巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus, CMV)抗原(即刻早期抗原和早期抗原)检测、唾液聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测CMV DNA和血清学检测CMV IgM三种实验方法在诊断和监测新生儿先天性CMV感染中的作用。　方法　对98 例患儿之母在孕期血CMV IgM阳性的高危新生儿出生后14 d 内检查血CMV IgM、外周血白细胞CMV抗原和唾液PCR CMV DNA,比较三种方法的检测结果,并对新生儿进行临床观察和随访。　结果　(1)98 例中,48 例诊断先天性CMV感染。症状性感染7 例,无症状性感染41 例;无一例CMV IgM阳性。症状性感染组CMV抗原、PCR阳性检出率分别为7/7、5/7;无症状性感染组阳性检出率分别为71%(29/41)、46%(19/41)。CMV抗原检测法、PCR检测法的诊断敏感性分别为75%、54%。症状性感染儿每5 万白细胞中CMV阳性细胞数16~52个,无症状性感染儿3~31个,症状性感染儿CMV抗原指数水平显著高于无症状感染儿(P<0.05)。(2)随访10例患儿,2 例症状性感染儿CMV抗原和PCR转阴,症状消失;1例CMV肝炎治疗后CMV抗原和PCR检测仍阳性,最后发展为肝硬化。7 例无症状性感染儿,CMV抗原在6个月内转阴或减少至低水平;2 例伴唾液PCR阳性,复查时1 例转阴,1 例仍阳性。　结论　CMV抗原检测法具有早期、敏感、量化的特点,PCR法能发现潜伏性感染     

中西医结合治疗小婴儿巨细胞病毒性肝炎51例疗效观察

目的观察茵栀黄口服液联合更昔洛韦治疗小婴儿巨细胞病毒性(CMV)肝炎的临床疗效。方法 51例患儿按入院时间次序分为对照组19例和观察组32例,对照组给予更昔洛韦5mg/kg静脉滴注,每日2次,连用14d;观察组在此基础上加用茵栀黄口服液每次5mL,每日3次,连用14d。两组均给予常规保肝治疗。观察治疗前后黄疸、肝脾增大等临床表现;血巨细胞病毒抗体IgM、尿巨细胞病毒DNA拷贝数、肝功:血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、血清总胆红素(TBIL)、血清直接胆红素(DBIL)的改变。结果观察组治疗后TBIL与DBIL、ALT与AST较对照组下降显著;尿CMV-DNA转阴率较对照组高;差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。血CMV-IgM转阴率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。结论茵栀黄口服液联合更昔洛韦治疗CMV肝炎在退黄、降酶、保肝、病毒转阴等方面均具有明显疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

晚期糖基化终产物水平及其受体的表达与妊娠期糖尿病围生儿结局关系的研究

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇血清晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)水平与围生儿结局间的关系,并观察晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)蛋白在胎盘组织中的蛋白表达。方法:选择孕24～28周来我院产前检查被诊断患有GDM的孕妇100例为研究对象(GDM组),另选择同孕期、相应年龄的正常妊娠妇女50例作为正常对照组。检测GDM组孕妇治疗前、后和同孕期正常对照组孕妇的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和AGEs水平。分娩后立即收集两组胎盘低温保存,用于分析组织中RAGE蛋白的表达。并收集母婴临床信息,根据GDM组围生儿结局分为GDM围生儿正常组和GDM围生儿异常组。结果:①GDM组治疗前孕妇血清AGEs水平、HbA1c和空腹血糖值均明显高于同孕期正常对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。②GDM组经干预治疗后其空腹血糖和HbA1c水平与同孕期正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但血清AGEs水平仍然高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。③GDM围生儿异常组孕妇血清AGEs水平高于GDM围生儿正常组(P<0.05)。④Logistic回归分析显示AGEs是GDM围生儿结局异常的危险因子(OR=6.197,P<0.01,95%CI2.514～15.453)。⑤Western印迹法测定胎盘组织中RAGE蛋白表达水平,GDM围生儿异常组高于GDM围生儿正常组和正常对照组(P<0.01)。结论:高AGEs血症是GDM围生儿结局的一个不利因素,高AGEs水平可作为GDM围生儿结局异常的预测指标。     

早孕期服用二甲双胍对合并多囊卵巢综合征孕妇妊娠结局的影响

目的 观察具有多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)病史的患者在早孕期服用二甲双胍对妊娠结局的影响.方法 选择2007年3月到2010年2月215例具有PCOS病史的孕妇.在本次妊娠前口服二甲双胍后受孕或既往有过反复流产史且伴有血糖升高及高胰岛素血症的58例PCOS患者为观察组,在妊娠早期开始或继续(孕前已用者)口服二甲双胍1.0～1.5 g/d;157例有PCOS史但孕期从未用过二甲双胍的孕妇作为对照组.用卡方或t检验比较2组的妊娠结局.结果 观察组早期自然流产率显著低于对照组(5.2％与28.7％,x2=13.476,P＜0.01);观察组与对照组相比,晚期流产率(6.9％与6.4％)、妊娠期高血压(3.9％与4.9％),子痫前期(3.9％与3.9％)、早产(13.7％与20.6％)及羊水过少发生率(5.9％与3.0％)差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组新生儿平均出生体重[(2925±530)g与(2910±659)g]、新生儿窒息(3.7％与6.8％)、新生儿畸形(0.0％与0.9％)、新生儿低血糖(5.6％与6.8％)、巨大胎儿(1.9％与3.4％)、胎儿生长受限(5.6％与6.0％)及新生儿转新生儿重症监护病房的比例(18.0％与27.4％)差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).追踪观察婴儿体格智力发育情况,现最长为3.5岁,体格智力发育正常.结论 妊娠早期口服二甲双胍可降低PCOS患者自然流产率,未观察到对子代的不良影响.     

孕期弓形体感染对胎、婴儿的影响及治疗

目的：研究孕期弓形体感染胎、婴儿的结局，母婴传播途径及治疗。方法：应用ＥＬＩＳＡＩｇＭ方法筛查３８７８例孕妇弓形体近期感染情况。追踪８２例弓形体近期感染孕妇分娩的胎、婴儿预后、收集脐血、羊水、胎盘及尸解的器官组织了解母婴传播途径及病理改变。观察应用螺旋霉素系统治疗孕期弓形体感染者的胎、婴儿预后，并与未治疗组对照。结果：本组孕妇弓形体近期感染发生率为４．４１％（１７１／３８７８），其胎、婴儿出现临床症状为３０．４８％（２５／８２）；孕早期感染以畸胎、流产多见，孕晚期感染表现为早产、低体重儿、黄疸及弓形体感染性肺炎等。从胎盘、羊水、脐血及尸解器官组织中可查出弓形体ＤＮＡ。显示弓形体可通过胎盘感染胎儿，严重者造成器官损害。应用螺旋霉素治疗孕期弓形体感染有效。治疗组先天性弓形体感染发生率低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：孕妇近期弓形体感染可通过胎盘感染胎儿，造成畸胎、流产、早产、低体重儿及急性弓形体感染症状。螺旋霉素治疗孕期弓形体感染有效。     

孕妇巨细胞病毒感染及其宫内传播的探讨

探讨孕妇人巨细胞病毒感染的宫内传播情况以及先天性ＨＣＭＶ感染对胎婴儿的近期影响。方法酶联免疫吸附试验筛查孕妇血清ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ１８８１例,聚合酶链反应检测血ＨＣＭＶＤＮＡ６５６例;追踪感染孕妇的胎婴儿ＨＣＭＶ感染情况和近期预后。     

Fetal hepatic calcifications: prenatal diagnosis and outcome

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide information on the causes and postnatal outcomes of fetal liver calcifications that were detected by ultrasound imaging. STUDY DESIGN: Cases with fetal liver calcifications that were encountered between 1992 and 2001 were evaluated. A detailed fetal ultrasound imaging for associated abnormalities, maternal STORCH (syphilis, cytomegalovirus, herpesvirus 1 and 2, rubella, and Toxoplasma ) analysis, parvovirus serologic condition, and parental cystic fibrosis mutations analysis were performed; amniocentesis was offered in all cases. All infants who were born alive were examined and followed up. RESULTS: Sixty-one pregnant women with fetal liver calcifications were identified. Forty of 61 patients had additional fetal abnormalities; 21 of 61 cases of fetal liver calcifications were isolated; 11/61 patients (18%) had abnormal karyotypes (trisomy 13, 4 patients; trisomy 21, 2 patients; trisomy 18, 1 patient; monosomy X (45,X), 1 patient; 4p-, 22q+, and 8p+, 1 patient). Ten of 11 patients with abnormal karyotypes had other abnormalities that were found on ultrasound imaging. Two patients had intrauterine infection, one patient had cytomegalovirus, and one patient had parvovirus B19 infection. Eighteen of 40 patients underwent pregnancy termination, one fetus died in utero, one newborn infant died, and two infants had neurologic sequelae. Of 21 patients with isolated liver calcifications, one fetus had parvovirus B19 infection and one infant had trisomy 21. The remainder of the infants each had a good outcome. CONCLUSION: Fetal liver calcifications are relatively common. Isolated cases have a good prognosis after aneuploidy and infection have been ruled out. However, additional major abnormalities present a risk for chromosomal abnormalities, mainly trisomy 13.     

Epidemiologic characteristics of cytomegalovirus infection in mothers and their infants

In this longitudinal study of cytomegalovirus in 4578 pregnant women of middle/upper socioeconomic status in Houston, 52% had cytomegalovirus antibody when enrolled, and 48% were serologically susceptible. Studies were completed on 3899 mothers and their infants; 2.2% of these women experienced primary cytomegalovirus during pregnancy and 24% of those with primary infection transmitted cytomegalovirus to their infants. Of 22 cytomegalovirus-infected infants, 2 had disease at birth and 20 were asymptomatic. One symptomatic infant (primary maternal infection) has developmental delay. The other (immunocompromised mother with cytomegalovirus antibody before pregnancy) had hepatitis but has no symptoms at 1 year of age. On follow-up, 4 of 16 infants asymptomatic at birth have sequelae (hearing loss in 3, developmental delay in 1). All four were born to mothers with primary cytomegalovirus infection. Infant outcome was not related to trimester of maternal infection.     

常规免疫预防阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴感染的效果

目的 评价免疫预防措施在实际应用中阻断乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)母婴感染的效果,阐明孕妇孕晚期使用乙肝免疫球蛋白(hepatitis B immunoglobulin,HBIG)能否减少HBV母婴感染.方法 将2002年7月至2004年8月江苏省14个县市的419例乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)阳性孕妇所分娩子女作为研究组,同地区同期的453例 HBsAg-孕妇分娩的子女作为对照组,于2009年10月至2010年3月期间对2组研究对象进行随访,调查母亲孕期HBIG使用情况以及子女出生后HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况,检测儿童HBV血清标志物.率的比较采用χ2分析或者Fisher精确概率法,均数的比较采用t检验.结果研究组实际随访298例(71.12%),其中11例(3.69%) HBsAg+;而随访的328例(72.41%)对照组中,HBsAg阳性率为0.00 (χ2=12.32,P<0.01).共11例儿童HBsAg+,其母亲均为HBsAg和HBeAg同时阳性,除1例具体情况不详外,9例儿童在出生时明确没有使用HBIG或延迟接种疫苗,仅1例同时规范使用了HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗.2组儿童抗-HBs阳性率分别为69.46%和69.21% (χ2=0.01,P=0.95).孕晚期注射HBIG的92例孕妇中,2例(2.17%)儿童HBsAg+;未使用HBIG的197例孕妇中,9例(4.57%)儿童HBsAg+ (χ2=0.98,P=0.51).结论 江苏省常规免疫预防措施在阻断母婴HBV感染方面取得了良好的效果,但对HBV携带孕妇(特别是HBeAg+者)的新生儿仍需强调及时注射HBIG.孕妇孕晚期使用HBIG不能减少母婴HBV感染.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the protective effect of vaccination in routine application on hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposed infants and to clarify whether hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) administration of pregnant women may reduce the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of HBV. Methods Serum samples of 6398 pregnant women at gestation of 15-20 weeks from 6 urban and 8 rural areas across Jiangsu province were previously tested for serologic markers of HBV by ELISA from July 2002 to August 2004. In this study, infants born to 419 HBV carrier mothers were taken as the study group, while infants born to 453 non-carrier mothers were taken as the control group by stratified random sampling. They were followed-up and screened for HBV markers during October 2009 to March 2010. Information including HBIG administration during pregnancy, HBV vaccination and HBIG administration of the infants were collected. χ2 test or Fisher′s exact method were used to compare the rates and the comparison of the means was by t test. Results The follow-up rates of the study group and control group were 71.12% (298/419) and 72.41% (328/453), respectively. Of the 298 infants born to HBV carrier mothers, 11 (3.7%) were positive for HBsAg, while none of the 328 infants born to non-carrier mothers was HBsAg positive (χ2=12.32, P<0.01). All of the 11 children were born to mothers with both HBsAg and HBeAg positive, and nine of the 11 children were not injected HBIG or not immunized with hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth, with only one received regular vaccination and detailed information was unknown in one case. The positive rates of anti-HBs in the study group and the control group were 69.46% and 69.21% respectively (χ2=0.01, P=0.95). HBsAg positive rate of the children born to pregnant women treated with HBIG during late pregnancy (n=92) was 2.17% (n=2), whereas that in the children born to women not treated with HBIG (n=197) was 4.57% (χ2=0.98, P=0.51). Conclusions The protective effect of immunoprophylaxis in routine application against perinatal HBV infection in Jiangsu province is good. Efforts are required to emphasize the importance of HBIG administration in infants born to HBV carrier mothers, especially in HBeAg positive mothers within 24 hours after delivery. Treatment of HBsAg positive pregnant women with HBIG in third trimester would not decrease the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of HBV.     

孕妇与胎儿巨细胞病毒感染的血清学研究

测定了１７３例孕妇及８１例胎儿血清ＣＭＶ抗体。结果：１７３例孕妇血清中ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性率为７０．５％（１２２／１７３），ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性率为０．５８％（１／１７３），孕妇早、中、晚孕期ＣＭＶ感染率分别为５２％、７２．９％，７４．４％，妊娠次数≥４次的孕妇ＣＭＶ感染率较高。８１例脐血血清中ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性率为５４．３％（４４／８１），ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性率为６．２％（５／８１），５例先天性ＣＭＶ感染儿分别为４例胎儿畸形及１例产前咨询者，后者取脐血查到ＩｇＭ阳性后１个月，胎死宫内。提示脐血中一旦查到ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性，胎儿有严重后果。因此，产前诊断胎儿ＣＭＶ感染，早期发现ＣＭＶ感染儿，是非常重要的。     

妊娠合并乙型肝炎病毒感染孕妇胎儿窘迫发病原因分析

目的：探讨妊娠合并乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染孕妇胎儿窘迫的病因、预后及治疗方法。方法：对81例妊娠期HBV表面抗原（HBsAg）、HBVe抗原（HBeAg)、HBV核心抗体（HBcAb)和HBV DNA均阳性,肝功能正常的孕妇及其新生儿（研究组）,85例无肝炎病毒感染,肝功能正常的孕妇及新生儿（对照组）的临床资料、血清学检查结果、胎盘病理检查结果和胎儿预后进行分析,并对研究组中76例婴儿在出生后0、1、6月龄时分别注射酵母菌重组乙型肝炎疫苗10μg,24月龄时检测婴儿HBV表面抗体（HBsAb),以评价母婴HBV阻断效果。结果：（1）研究组胎儿窘迫的发生率为38．3％,对照组为16．5％,两组比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。（2）HBV感染胎盘可导致绒毛膜血管病。（3胎儿窘迫者,24月龄时母婴阻断率为78．6％,无胎儿窘迫者母婴HBV阻断率为91．7％,两 者比较,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：妊娠合并HBV感染,可引起胎盘绒毛膜血管病,致使胎盘功能下降,临床表现为胎儿窘迫、进而导致HBV母婴阻断失败。     

逆转录聚合酶链反应技术用于产前诊断人巨细胞病毒宫内活动性感染的临床价值

目的　探讨逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术用于产前诊断人巨细胞病毒 (HCMV)宫内活动性感染的临床价值。方法　应用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)、RT PCR及血浆套式聚合酶链反应 (N PCR)法 ,检测 2 0 9例孕妇外周血HCMVmRNA、HCMVIgM及HCMVDNA ,其中任意 2项阳性为HCMV活动性感染 (99例 ,观察组 )、任意 2项均阴性为非活动性感染 (110例 ,对照组 )。应用RT PCR和N PCR技术 ,检测两组孕妇从宫内采集的孕早期绒毛共 78例、孕中期脐血和羊水共 131例 ,并追踪胎儿生长发育及出生后情况。结果　 (1)观察组绒毛、脐血HCMV感染率分别为 5 3 3% (16 30 )、4 7 8% (33 6 9) ;对照组分别为 8 3% (4 4 8)、9 7% (6 6 2 ) ,两组比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。观察组绒毛、脐血HCMV活动性感染率分别为 30 0 % (9 30 )和 2 9 0 % (2 0 6 9) ;显著高于对照组的 4 2 %(2 4 8)和 4 8% (3 6 2 ) ,两组比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。 (2 )HCMVDNA阳性胎儿中 ,HCMVmRNA阳性胎儿的流 (早 )产率为 4 1 2 % (14 34) ,显著高于HCMVmRNA阴性胎儿的 8 0 % (2 2 5 )。HCMV活动性感染胎儿中 ,有 10例因胎儿生长发育异常而行终止妊娠术。结论　应用RT PCR技术产前诊断HCMV宫内活动性感染安全可靠 ,对于活动性感     

High incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants born to mothers with placenta previa

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants born to mothers with placenta previa and to assess the risk factors for RDS. METHODS: Ninety-nine pregnant women with placenta previa who delivered by cesarean section at 30-35 weeks of gestation were compared retrospectively with 102 pregnant women matched for week of gestation and birth year, who underwent elective cesarean section. Maternal characteristics, neonatal outcome, and incidence of RDS were analyzed. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected at delivery and were used to determine cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels. Student's t-test, the chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical comparisons. P < 0.05 was considered significant. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous variables. RESULTS: Preeclampsia, histological chorioamnionitis, and premature rupture of membranes were significantly lower in the placenta previa group (placenta previa: 2.0% vs. control: 14.7%, P < 0.01; 14.1% vs. 30.1%, P < 0.01; 7.1% vs. 17.6%, P < 0.05, respectively). The incidence of RDS was significantly higher in the placenta previa group than in the control group (29.3% vs. 6.9%, P < 0.0001). The cortisol level in umbilical cord blood in the placenta previa group was lower than in the control group (median 7.3, range 4.4-14.9 microg/dl vs. median 10.6, range 4.9-30.3 microg/dl, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in epinephrine or norepinephrine levels between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of RDS in infants delivered at 30-35 weeks' gestation by cesarean section was significantly higher in mothers with placenta previa than in women without placenta previa. This may reflect decreased fetal stress since the cord blood cortisol levels were found to be lower in women with placenta previa.     

妊娠期肝炎病毒多重感染对母婴的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期肝炎病毒多重感染对母婴的影响。方法 对1994年1月至1999年12月在我院产前检查,肝功能异常的孕妇行甲、乙、丙、丁、戊等5种肝炎病毒标记物检测,其中确诊为肝炎病毒多重感染者32例（多重感染组）,确诊为肝炎病毒单一感染者32例（单一感染组）,对两组母儿并发症及预后进行观察比较。结果 两组丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、血清总胆红素（TBIL）水平比较,差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。多重感染组乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg)阳性率（35．7％）显著低于单一感染组（76．9％,P＜0．05）,而乙型肝炎病毒e抗体（HBeAb)阳性率（57．1％）显著高于单一感染组（15．4％,P＜0．01）。多重感染组孕妇妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）、产后出血、重症肝炎、死亡的发生率与单一感染组比较,差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。而多重感染组胎膜早破、早产的发生率（28．1％,25．0％）明显高于单一感染组（6．3％、3．1％,P＜0．05）;胎儿宫内窘迫及新生儿窒息的发生率（31．3％,25．0％）显著高于单一感染组（9．4％、0．0％,P＜0．05、P＜0．01）。结论 妊娠期肝炎病毒多重感染对孕妇的影响无明显加重,而对围产儿的影响较为明显;应加强孕期保健,防止胎膜早破及早产的发生。     

不良妊娠与TORCH感染的关系

目的 探讨不良妊娠与弓形体（ＴＯＸ）、其他（ＯＴＨ）、风疹病毒（ＲＵＶ）、 细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）、单纯疱疹病毒（ＨＳＶ－Ⅱ）（ＴＯＲＣＨ）系列病原体感染的关系。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）和聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术,检测５４例有不良的妇女（试验组）及５４例正常孕妇（对照组）母血及胎儿脐血ＴＯＲＣＨ感染情况。结果 （１）试验组ＴＯＲＣＨ既往感染率为,ＣＭＶ４６．２９％;ＲＵＶ１６．２９％