经肛门Soave拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠18例体会

目的总结经肛门Ⅰ期Soave拖出根治术治疗先天性巨结肠的手术要点、经验、疗效及短期随访。方法选择小儿常见型先天性巨结肠18例,采用单纯经肛门拖出根治术治疗。结果18例患儿均于术后1～2天内进食,术后2周扩肛治疗,术后1个月随访,每日排便8～14次,6个月随访每日排便1～3次,无污粪、便秘、腹胀。结论经肛门Ⅰ期Soave拖出根治术治疗小儿常见型先天性巨结肠,手术创伤小,操作简单,近期疗效好。     

微创手术治疗先天性巨结肠的体会

目的　总结经肛门I期拖出根治术治疗新生儿及小婴儿先天性巨结肠的手术治疗体会。方法　自2 0 0 1年对 18例经钡灌肠和直肠肛门测压检查诊断为先天性巨结肠的患儿施行Ⅰ期经肛门巨结肠根治术。手术方法为距齿状线上约 0 .5cm游离直肠粘膜 ,向近端游离直肠粘膜管至腹膜返折后横断肌鞘一周 ,劈开肌鞘后壁 ,游离直肠、结肠达到要求后切断 ,断端与肛门齿状线切缘缝合固定。结果　 18例均顺利完成手术。手术时间 90～ 14 0分钟 ,术中出血 2 5～ 4 0ml,切除肠管长度 15～ 2 8cm。术后 2周开始扩肛。全部病例随访 2个月～ 2 .5年 ,每日排便2～ 3次 ,无腹胀便秘复发、吻合口狭窄、污便、肠梗阻等并发症。结论　经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术治疗新生儿及小婴儿先天性巨结肠具有疗效好、术后恢复快、并发症少及手术安全的优点 ,符合现代微创的医学理念。此术式适用于短段型及普通型先天性巨结肠。     

经肛门结肠拖出结合腹部小切口治疗先天性巨结肠

目的　探讨经肛门结肠拖出结合腹部小切口治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的手术效果。方法　回顾分析经肛门结肠拖出结合腹部小切口治疗 2 7例小儿先天性巨结肠的病历资料。结果　 2 7例均顺利完成手术。术后有 3例发生粘连性肠梗阻 ,1例发生切口裂开 ,治疗后好转 ,其余病人均顺利恢复。全部病例随访 2～ 12个月 ,每日排便 3～ 5次 ,无便秘复发、无污粪、无肛门狭窄。结论　该手术方法具有损伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点 ,是一种安全、有效的治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的手术。     

经肛门Soave Ⅰ期脱出根治术治疗婴幼儿长段型先天性巨结肠

目的回顾分析用经肛门SoaveⅠ期脱出根治术治疗长段型先天性巨结肠的手术过程、疗效及随访,探讨长段型先天性巨结肠经肛门脱出非开腹治疗的可行性和安全性。方法自2001年2月至2005年2月应用经肛门SoaveⅠ期脱出根治术治疗长段型先天性巨结肠患儿39例。年龄6个月至3岁,平均年龄1.92岁,均经钡剂灌肠、直肠测压和病理证实为先天性巨结肠。随访手术时间、出血量和并发症。结果经肛门直接脱出38例,由于痉挛段位于结肠肝区腹腔镜辅助下脱出1例;直接拖出痉挛段最长60 cm,至横结肠;平均切除结肠58 cm,最长75 cm;平均手术时间107 min;均于术后2~4 d进食,术后平均住院时间9.3 d,患儿术后1个月随访时排便2~4次/d,半年时排便1~3次/d,无粪污,无吻合口狭窄。结论对于长段型先天性巨结肠特别是痉挛段位于脾区及脾区以远的,非开腹根治术是可行的和安全的。术前充分的肠道准备,特别是洗肠是长段型先天性巨结肠非开腹根治术的基础,而彻底切除痉挛段是手术成功的关键。     

经肛门先天性巨结肠根治术后并发症的防治

目的:探讨经肛门先天性巨结肠根治术后并发症的防治.方法:回顾性分析95例先天性巨结肠患儿经肛门根治术的治疗经过及体会,探讨手术后并发症的防治.结果:95例先天性巨结肠患儿均行经肛门先天性巨结肠根治术.1例尿道损伤,术后尿瘘;1例全结肠型巨结肠术后排便障碍,行肠造瘘;3例术后系膜渗血或出血,行剖腹探查止血;12例出院后发生小肠结肠炎再次就诊;18例出现便秘,行肛门扩张,恢复良好;38例术后出现肛门红斑及糜烂,治疗后痊愈.无吻合口瘘、无鞘内感染发生.随访1个月～6年,23例失访.术后半年以上的病例中8例轻度污粪,其余患儿每日排便1～2次.结论:经肛门先天性巨结肠根治术安全易行,正确、精细的操作可有效预防术后并发症的发生.     

经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术治疗小婴儿先天性巨结肠

目的 总结经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术治疗小婴儿先天性巨结肠的手术方式、治疗结果及短期随访。方法 自2001年10月至今采用该术式治疗小婴儿先天性巨结肠16例，其中常见型14例、长段型2例。结果 全部患儿经肛门完成手术，平均手术时间80min，术中出血量约10～20ml，切除肠管长约15～25cm，无术中并发症，术后2～3d进食，术后3～6个月排大便正常。结论 经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术治疗小婴儿先天性巨结肠手术创伤小，操作简单，远期效果有待随访。     

经肛门结肠拖出术治疗新生儿及婴儿先天性巨结肠

目的：介绍经肛门结肠拖出术治疗新生儿及婴儿先天性巨结肠。方法：回顾43例采用经肛门结肠拖出术治疗的新生儿及婴儿先天性巨结肠。患儿年龄14d至12个月。方法为在肛门齿状线处切开直肠黏膜，向近端游离达盆底腹膜返折处。切除直肠肌鞘后壁约1.0-1.5cm一条。游离乙状结肠达正常结肠后切断。拖出正常结肠与肛门吻合。结果：43例经肛门直肠结肠拖出切除病变肠段顺利完成手术，术中出血少，术后1－2d进食，5－7d出院，无术后尿潴留，无伤口感染及肛门回缩。全部患儿获随访3－9个月。排便功能正常，无肛门狭窄发生。2例偶有污粪，为术后早期病例。结论：经肛门结肠拖出术操作简便，创伤小，恢复快，术后护理负担轻，并发症少。此术式是新生儿和婴儿先天性巨结肠根治性治疗的理想方法。     

新生儿先天性巨结肠经肛门根治术(附8例报告)

目的：探讨新生儿短段型及常见型巨结肠手术治疗新方法。方法：采用经肛门病变切除结肠拖出吻合巨结肠根治术。结果：全部病儿近期疗效满意,随访1－11个月,排便通畅,发育良好。结论：新生儿先天性巨结肠经肛门根治术创伤小、疗效满意,适合于新生儿短段及常见型巨结肠的手术治疗。     

经肛门Soave一期拖出根治术治疗小婴儿先天性巨结肠

近年来广泛采用腹腔镜进行先天性巨结肠根治术,其成功在于获得与传统术式相同疗效的同时,明显减少手术创伤、增加美容效果。1998年首次报道经肛门Soave拖出根治术,进一步减少腹部操作损伤,取得初步成功。我院1999年来采用经肛门Soave一期拖出根治术治疗小婴儿先天性巨结肠14例,现就其手术要点、疗效及短期随访效果报道如下。     

经肛门拖出或结合腹部小切口根治先天性巨结肠34例

目的：介绍经肛门或结合腹部小切口巨结肠根治的初步经验及短期随访效果。方法：2002年3月～2003年2月，手术治疗34例先天性巨结肠，其中11例常见型采用工期经肛门拖出根治手术，拖出肠管长22～37cm，对长段型或拖出困难者，采用经肛门辅以腹部小切口根治23例，均经病理证实为先天性巨结肠。结果：11例经肛门Ⅰ期拖出顺利完成手术，无并发症，术后4～7天出院。经肛门辅以腹部小切口根治23例，有3例并发粘连性肠梗阻，1例切口裂开，经再次手术痊愈。均于术后2周开始扩肛，随访l～10个月，平均大便一天3～4次，成形，偶有夜间排便，无污粪。结论：工期经肛门巨结肠根治术，是一种安全有效全新的手术途径，降低了传统根治的并发症。适应于婴幼儿常见型巨结肠的治疗，效果好。经肛门辅以腹部小切口根治者，亦优于其他术式，值得临床推荐。     

Ⅰ期经肛门巨结肠根治术

目的　总结先天性巨结肠Ⅰ期经肛门根治术的手术过程、疗效及短期随访结果。方法　自 2 0 0 1年经该术式治疗 1 4例巨结肠患儿。方法为在直肠后壁齿状线上 0 .5cm ,前壁齿状线上 2cm切开直肠粘膜 ,向近端游离达腹膜返折后 ,残留肌鞘后壁“V”型切除 ,游离近端结肠 ,拖出近端结肠与肛门吻合。结果　所有手术均顺利完成 ,手术时间 90 - 1 50分钟 ,出血量极少 ,最少不足 5ml,所有病例均未输血。术后早期便次较多 ,1月后减少至 1 -3次 /天。随访 1 - 6月 ,无吻合口狭窄、污粪及肠炎。结论　经肛门巨结肠根治术安全有效、简便易行 ,近期效果良好。     

A new modification of transanal Swenson pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung’s disease

Background The one-stage pull-through procedures for Hirschsprung＇s disease （HD） have become popular because it is well accepted by surgeons and mothers with no visible scar and a short hospital stay. It represents the latest development in the concept of a minimally invasive surgery for HD. We introduce a new method of transanal one-stage pull-through for Hirschsprung＇s disease, different from the transanal Scare procedure.
Methods One hundred and thirty-four patients aged 9 days to 5 years underwent a transanal one-stage pull-through procedure. The diagnosis was definite by barium enema or rectal biopsies preoperatively. The patients were anesthetized and placed in the lithotomy position. A urinary catheter was optional. Giving anorectal dilatations for half a minute, a pull-through of the rectum above the peritoneal reflection and into the intussusception was performed. Fine silk suturing was performed circumferentially at the level of that point which was used for traction for the distal end. Another circumferential suture was performed parallel 0.5 cm distance above the original one and used for traction for the proximal intestines. The full-thickness rectal wall was truncated between the above two circumferential sutures with cautery. The proximal intestines were pulled down and the mesenteric vessels were dissected with ligation until normal intestines were accessed; the presence of ganglion cells was determined by intraoperative rapid frozen section. The distal end was dissected anteriorly 2.5-3.5 cm above the dentate line. The posterior rectal wall was split longitudinally and dissected to a point 0.5-1.0 cm above the dentate line. The segment of the lesion was resected. The length of bowel resected ranged from 12 to 50 cm （median 16.5 cm）. An oblique anastomosis was made.
Results The mean operating time was 70 minutes. Postoperative rectal dilation was not required. The patient tolerated feeding on the first postoperative day. Eighty-eight patients were followed-up. All these patients ha     

经肛门Ⅰ期巨结肠根治术预后因素的探讨

目的对经肛门Ⅰ期巨结肠根治术预后因素进行探讨,以期为临床治疗提供依据。方法对经肛门Ⅰ期巨结肠根治术治疗的患儿177例,将其原始资料按统一标准列表、赋值,以其根治术后便秘、术后小肠结肠炎作为自变量,将其他因素作为应变量,采用多元回归法分析其根治术预后与其他因素之间的关系。结果先天性巨结肠经肛门Ⅰ期根治术便秘可能与后鞘切除范围、黏膜剥离位置、吻合口狭窄及手术年龄有关;术后小肠结肠炎可能与后鞘切除范围、黏膜剥离位置、吻合口狭窄及术前是否存在小肠结肠炎有关。结论经肛门Ⅰ期巨结肠根治术手术后主要与术中病变肠管及后鞘切除范围、黏膜残留、手术年龄,以及正确术前诊断有关,选择合适手术时机,正确处理后鞘及黏膜是提高治愈率的关键。     

Ⅰ期经肛门改良Soave与经腹会阴根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的对比研究

目的 探讨Ⅰ期经肛门改良Soave与经腹会阴根治术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的临床效果与安全性。 方法 回顾性选取2014年10月-2017年8月收治的52例小儿先天性巨结肠患儿作为研究对象,根据手术方式分为观察组和对照组各26例,其中对照组患儿均进行传统经腹会阴根治术,观察组患儿均予以Ⅰ期经肛门改良Soave术。比较2组患儿手术一般情况如手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间以及住院时间;比较2组患儿术后排便功能以及并发症情况;术后6个月对患儿进行随访以评价其生活质量和家长满意度。 结果 观察组患儿手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间以及住院时间均明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿术后排便功能以及并发症发生情况均显著优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿术后6个月的生活质量和家长满意度均显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 在治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的术式选择上,Ⅰ期经肛门改良Soave不仅较经腹会阴根治术临床效果更佳,患儿具有较好的术后恢复,生活质量也获得显著改善,家长满意度高,因此值得临床广泛推广与应用。      

Surgical outcomes of total colonic aganglionosis in children: A 26-year experience in a single institute

BackgroundThere is a lack of consensus regarding the treatment of total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) with respect to perioperative morbidity, mortality, complications, and functional outcomes. The aim of this study was to review the results of surgical TCA treatment over a 26-year period and characterize the outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics, surgical courses, and outcomes of TCA patients who underwent definitive pull-through operations from 1986 to 2012. Follow-up data were collected by chart reviews and telephone interviews using a standardized questionnaire.ResultsWe identified nine infants with TCA (8.6%) from among 105 infants with Hirschsprung's disease treated during the 26-year period. Neither sex predominated (male/female ratio = 4:5). All infants underwent laparotomies and simultaneous enterostomies. All patients eventually underwent modified Duhamel pull-through procedures at a mean age of 179 days (range, 47–352 days). Two infants died of complications after surgery including heart failure and sepsis. The remaining infants recovered smoothly with antilaxative medications, and all but one was weaned off these medications. Although the surviving patients did not catch up on growth, they and their families were satisfied with the surgical results.ConclusionInfants with TCA had satisfactory outcomes after the modified Duhamel pull-through operation. Based on our experience, we suggest that the pull-through operation could be performed earlier, even when there are loose stools from the enterostomy.     

A new modification of transanal Soave pull-throug procedure for Hirschsprung＇s disease

Background One stage transanal Soave pull-through procedure (TSPP) is a recent popular operation in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). W ith no visible scar and a short hospital stay, it is well accepted by surgeons and mothers. In the conventional Soave procedure, a long rectal muscular cuff left for anocolic anastomosis might increase the incidence of postoperative enterocolitis and constipation. This study presents a modified transanal Soave pull-through procedure (MTSPP) which includes an oblique mucosectomy and an oblique anastomosis with a short split muscular cuff.Methods A review of two groups of HD patients was made: 112 underwent conventional transanal Soave procedure from 1999 to 2001 (group 1) and 140 underwent modified transanal Soave procedure from 2002 to 2004 (group 2). A comparison was made between the two groups on operative data and postoperative complications. The data included: age at the operation, operating time, blood loss, time to feeds and hospital stay, occurrence of postoperative enterocolitis or constipation, need for anal dilatation, postoperative bowel function and perianal skin problems. Results There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to age, gender, length of colon resected, operating time, blood loss and hospital stay. However occurrence of postoperative enterocolitis, constipation, anastomotic stricture and time needed for anal dilatation were evidently less in group 2 (MTSPP). The m ean operating time i n group 1 was ( 106 ± 39) minutes with a range of 60 to 170 minutes; in group 2 was (101 ± 36) minutes with a range of 66 to 190 minutes. The average length of the bowel resected in group 1 was (24 ± 7) cm, range 15 to 58 cm; in group 2 was (26 ± 8) cm, range 15 to 70 cm. Two patients, one in each group, required l aparoscopic assistance because of long aganglionic colon. Another patient in group 2 required laparotomy because of total colonic aganglionosis. Postoperative complications in group 1 included: temporary perianal excoriation in 34 patients (26 were &lt;3 months of age), enterocolitis in 21, anastomotic stricture in 11, recurrent constipation in 12, cuff abscess in 1, anastomosis leak in 1, soiling in 3 and rectal prolapse in 1. In group 2 post operative complications included: transient perianal excoriation in 37 patients (30 were &lt;3 months of age), enterocolitis in 13, anastomotic stricture in 5, recurrent constipation in 6, anastomotic leak in 1, adhesive bowel obstruction in 1 and soiling in 4. Complete bowel continence was found in 97 children (86.6%) in group 1 and in 129 children (92.1%) in group 2 at one year followup after operation.Conclusions Modified transanal Soave pull-through procedure for HD with oblique mucosectomy and anastomosis and a short split muscular cuff is a safe and feasible operation with low incidence of postoperative complication. It is an encouraging improvement of the conventional transanal Soave pull-through procedure. MTSPP is a preferable choice in the surgery of HD. Chin Med J 2006; 119(1):37-42