血清CA199与胆管结石及胆管炎的关系

目的 研究胆管结石合并胆管炎患者血清糖类抗原CA199水平与胆红素及肝酶谱之间的关系,探讨胆管结石并胆管炎患者血清CA199升高的原因及临床意义.方法 以350例胆管结石合并胆管炎患者为病例组,350例健康体检者为对照组,回顾性分析患者的血清CA199水平,用SPSS统计软件分析血清CA199水平与血清胆红素及肝酶谱水平之间的关系.结果 病例组患者血清CA199水平明显高于健康对照组;病例组血清CA199与血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶之间呈正相关,与谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶之间无相关;病例组中胆管梗阻解除及炎症控制后CA199水平明显下降.结论 胆管结石、胆管炎是造成血清CA199水平升高的原因之一,治疗前后动态观察CA199水平变化有助于良恶性疾病鉴别.     

慢性乙型肝炎和乙型肝炎肝硬化患者血清铁蛋白的变化

目的探讨血清铁蛋白(SF)与慢性乙型肝炎和乙型肝炎肝硬化患者病情的相关性,分析其与肝功能、肿瘤标志物等相关血清学指标在慢性肝病中的相关性,以探讨铁蛋白在肝损伤诊断中的意义。方法在38例慢性乙型肝炎患者和37例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者及30例健康人常规检测SF水平,采用Spearman秩相关分析其与血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALB)等肝功能指标及甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌抗原125(CA125)等肿瘤标志物的关系。结果慢性乙型肝炎、乙型肝炎肝硬化和健康对照组SF水平分别为(216.79±24.46)μg/l、(220.47±39.38)μg/l和(71.23±4.69)μg/l,肝病患者显著高于健康人(P0.05);慢性乙型肝炎患者SF与ALT、AST、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)、AFP、癌抗原199(CA199)、癌抗原50(CA50)呈显著正相关,乙型肝炎肝硬化患者SF与AST、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、AFP、Ca199、癌抗原724(CA724)、CA50呈显著正相关。结论慢性肝病患者SF与AST、AFP、CA199具有相关性。SF可作为肝脏疾病损伤诊断的重要参考指标,铁负荷增加可加重肝病患者肝细胞的损伤,铁蛋白水平对判断肝病病情、对疾病预后判断及开展干预治疗具有一定的指导意义。     

胆总管结石患者血清肿瘤标志物的临床意义

目的研究胆总管结石患者肿瘤标志物水平及其与胆红素之间的关系。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院收治的胆总管结石患者,所有患者均行磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)明确诊断并行经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗,分析患者CA199、CA50、CEA、CA242、CA724与胆红素水平的相关性,进一步分析其临床意义。结果血清CA199、CA50、CA242在胆总管结石患者阳性率分别为52.5%、23.8%、22.5%,并且随着胆红素水平上升而逐渐升高,经ERCP治疗后均出现不同程度的下降。而血清CA724与CEA在胆总管结石患者阳性率极低。结论血清CA199、CA50、CA242水平受胆总管结石的影响较大,需结合影像学检查及治疗后复查以与消化道肿瘤鉴别。而CEA及CA724在胆总管结石中变化小。     

良性腹水患者血清CA125检测的临床意义探讨

对肝硬化患者有无腹水及结核性腹膜炎患者进行血清CA125水平检测,探讨其临床意义.采用全自动酶联免疫标记法检测33例肝硬化及11例结核性腹膜炎患者血清CA125值,对其中18例合并腹水的肝硬化患者,经治疗腹水明显消退后,再测血清CA125水平.结果显示,肝硬化合并腹水患者血清CA125值显著高于无腹水患者(P＜0.01),经治疗腹水消退后,血清CA125水平明显下降(P＜0.01).结核性腹膜炎患者血清CA125水平明显升高,与肝硬化腹水患者血清CA125水平无差别(P＞0.05).良性腹水中,肝硬化及结核性腹水患者血清CA125均升高,血清CA125水平的升降可能成为监测良性腹水消长的有用指标.     

血清CA125在肝硬化患者中的临床意义及相关因素研究

目的 探讨血清CA125在肝硬化患者中的临床意义及相关因素.方法 回顾性分析130例肝硬化患者血清CA125水平,Child-Pugh分级、腹水程度的临床资料,并分析相关数据.结果 血清CA125水平在肝硬化患者中明显升高,其水平与Child-Pugh分级、腹水程度呈正相关性,与肝硬化病因无关.结论 CA125可能成为临床评价肝硬化患者肝功能损害和腹水的参考指标.     

肝硬化Child-Pugh评分与血清CA125、CA199水平的关系

目的探讨肝硬化患者血清CA125、CA199水平及其与肝功能分级的关系。方法随机抽取新乡市传染病医院2013年1月-2013年6月收治的肝硬化确诊患者52例,检测血清CA125、CA199水平。分析CA125、CA199水平与肝功能分级(Child-Pugh积分法)的关系。结果血清CA125、CA199水平随着肝功能损害程度的加重呈进行性升高,B级较A级、C级较B级均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);伴有腹水患者血清CA125水平明显升高,与无腹水患者相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清CA125、CA199可以作为反映肝硬化患者肝功能损害程度的指标之一,对衡量肝硬化患者的预后、预测腹水发生有一定的参考价值。     

术前总胆红素水平与肝切除术后患者肝功能恢复的相关性

[目的]分析术前总胆红素(TBIL)水平与肝切除术后患者肝功能恢复的相关性。[方法]选取原发性肝癌患者93例为研究对象,检测患者术前及术后第2天、第5天、第10天血清TBIL,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平。分析术前血清TBIL水平与肝切除术后患者肝功能恢复的相关性。[结果]术后第2天,患者TBIL、AST、ALT水平较术前增高,后各时点均呈下降趋势(P<0.05);经相关性分析结果显示,血清TBIL水平与AST、ALT水平均呈正相关(P<0.05)。93例患者术后肝功能恢复良好50例;其术前血清TBIL水平低于肝功能恢复差者(P<0.05);回归分析结果显示,术前血清TBIL水平升高可能是肝切除术患者术后肝功能恢复差的影响因素(95%CI:1.068～1.174;P<0.05);结果显示,术前血清TBIL水平预测术后肝功能恢复情况的AUC>0.8,当达到最佳阈值时,可获得最佳预测价值。[结论]肝切除术前血清TBIL升高患者可能提示术后肝功能恢复差高风险。     

血清CA 125水平与肝硬化Child-pugh分级及腹水量的关系

目的探讨肝硬化患者血清肿瘤抗原125(CA 125)水平与肝功能Child-pugh分级及腹水量的关系。方法选肝硬化患者103例(Child-pugh A级36例,B级39例,C级28例;腹水阳性者55例,腹水阴性者48例),正常对照42例,均采用ELISA法检测血清CA 125的水平。结果肝硬化患者血清CA125水平显著高于对照组(P0.01),其CA 125水平为Child-pugh C级B级A级,随着肝损害程度加重呈现进行性升高(P0.01);肝硬化腹水组及少量腹水组血清CA 125水平均显著高于肝硬化无腹水组(P0.01),中量腹水组血清CA 125水平显著高于少量腹水组(P0.01),大量腹水组与中量腹水组的血清CA 125水平比较差异无统计学意义。结论肝硬化患者血清CA 125水平与肝功能损害及腹水程度密切相关,可以被认为是反映肝硬化程度及监测腹水情况的一项敏感指标,对肝硬化腹水的早期诊断及估计预后具有重要的指导意义。     

胆总管结石对血清CA19-9的影响

目的:探讨胆总管结石对血清CEA、CA19-9的影响.方法:回顾经ERCP或手术证实、治疗的胆总管结石患者68例,分析血清CEA,特别是血清CA19-9与胆总管结石患者总胆红素、直接胆红素的相关性:并对20例血清CA19-9值超过正常上限两倍以上的患者统一时间进行随访,分析治疗前后血清CA19-9变化值与总胆红素、直接胆红素变化值的相关性.结果:血清CA19-9与总胆红素、直接胆红素存在明显相关性(r=0.813,0.786,均P=0.000);血清CEA与总胆红素、直接胆红素不存在相关性;治疗前后血清CA19-9变化值与总胆红素、直接胆红素变化值存在明显相关性(r=0.787,0.806,均P=0.000).结论:胆总管结石合并阻塞性黄疸时,可导致血清CA19-9升高,此时血清CA19-9作为肿瘤标志物的特异性差.     

肝硬化失代偿期血清CA 125的变化

目的观察肝硬化失代偿期患者血清CA 125的变化特点。方法对99例肝硬化失代偿期患者进行血清CA 125的检测,同时进行Child-Pugh肝功能分级和腹水分级。另设40例正常对照组。结果 66％患者血清CA 125水平升高,与正常对照组相比差异有显著性(P<0．01);85％肝硬化伴腹水患者血清CA 125水平升商,与无腹水组相比差异有显著性(P<0．01)。血清CA 125水平的升高,随着肝功能分级的增高和腹水量的增加而明显。结论肝硬化失代偿期患者多数伴有血清CA 125水平的升高,其发生与肝功能降低,腹水的产生有关。     

肝移植在中国的发展现状

作为治疗各种终末期肝病唯一有效的方法,肝移植近年在国内发展迅速。叙述了肝移植在国内的最新发展成果,包括肝癌肝移植受者选择标准——杭州标准的确立;挽救性肝移植及降期治疗在肝癌肝移植中的最新应用;肝移植联合人工肝技术治疗急性重症肝衰竭的进展;活体肝移植技术创新和心脏死亡器官捐献移植在中国的突破性发展。面临器官短缺,应建立符合中国国情的科学规范的器官捐献体系,在造福于广大人民的同时也将进一步提升我国器官移植学界在国际上的声誉。     

肝再生增强因子在肝脏中的作用

肝再生增强因子（ALR）除了促进肝再生，保护肝损伤之外，可能在肝脏的器官形成和发育中也发挥着重要作用。介绍了ALR在肝脏中的生物学功能和机制研究的最新进展，并归纳总结了ALR在肝脏疾病的诊断和治疗中的应用。指出ALR可能通过线粒体途径调控肝细胞的凋亡，从而参与肝脏的修复和再生。未来ALR可能作为肝衰竭患者肝再生及预后评估的候选分子，并有望成为临床治疗严重肝病和肝衰竭的有效药物。     

药物性肝损伤的研究现状及存在问题

药物性肝损伤是由于药物和（或）其代谢产物引起的肝细胞毒性损伤,或药物及其代谢产物引起的过敏反应所致的疾病。因其发生范围广,预测性差,且无特异性治疗方案,日益成为威胁人类健康的“隐形杀手”。本文针对药物性肝损伤的研究现状和存在问题进行探讨,以期加强临床医生在用药时的关注。     

某传染病医院11年问药物性肝损伤住院病例状况分析

目的探讨药物性肝损伤（drug-indUeedliverinjury,DILl）在非感染性肝病患者中的分布情况。方法回顾性研究某院2002年1月一2012年12月3848例DILI住院患者的资料,分析年度分布情况、患者性别、年龄及预后。结果DILl患者年住院数由88例（2002年）升至835例（2012年）,在非感染性肝病中的构成比由13．19％升至21．52％。10～49岁的患者随着年龄的增加,发生DILI的人数呈上升趋势;50～89岁的患者随着年龄的增加,发生DILI的人数呈下降趋势。〈10、10～19、20～29、30．39、40～49、50～59、60。69、70～79和≥80岁各年龄组DILl患者构成比分别为1．65％、5．11％、12．10％、19．08％、25．45％、20．62％、10．42％、4．58％和0．98％。各年龄组女性构成比分别为30．16％、44．90％、49．46％、55．10％、58．37％、64．28％、58．85％、52．00％和27．78％。药物性肝硬化患者构成比为7．7％,药物性肝衰竭为4．1％,药物性肝炎为88．2％。3848例中总无效死亡率为7．61％,2010年开始DILl无效死亡率呈下降趋势,2012年为2．87％。结论DILl正逐渐成为肝病中的常见病,30。59岁为DILl高发年龄．30～79岁的nTlll患者以奇件为丰。     

复方牛胎肝提取物治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病的多中心临床研究

目的观察复方牛胎肝提取物片治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）的近期效果及其安全性。方法多中心、开放、非随机临床试验,在综合治疗的基础上,应用复方牛胎肝提取物片（3片/次,2次/日,口服,共3个月）治疗240例NAFLD,其中男195例,女45例,平均年龄为（42.2±11.3）岁,基础疾病为超重和/或中心性肥胖。结果有240例被纳入本研究,临床症状改善率85.9%（164/191）,其中以肝区不适感改善效果最为显著;ALT复常率62.5%（115/184）,从治疗前的（79.59±43.63）U/L下降至（43.99±14.83）U/L,P〈0.01,同时AST、GGT和TG、TC和LDL-C也明显下降,P〈0.01;而HDL-C以及空腹血糖、HOMA-IR无明显改变,P〉0.05。35.4%（85/240）的患者B超脂肪肝程度下降1个或1个以上等级;74例患者肝/脾CT值从治疗前的0.78±0.18升高到治疗后的0.93±0.16,P〈0.001。未进行饮食控制和增加运动的患者BMI、腰/臀围以及ALT、AST、GGT、TG、TC较治疗前均明显下降,P〈0.001,但饮食控制和增加运动的患者下降更快,P〈0.001。全组病例不良反应发生率为4.58%（11/240）,主要表现为消化道症状。结论复方牛胎肝提取物片对NAFLD有一定治疗效果,且不良反应轻微。     

Role of Kupffer cells in the outgrowth of colorectal cancer liver metastases

Colorectal cancer is one of the commonest malignancies in the "developed" world. The liver constitutes the main host organ for its distant metastases which, when present, augur a bad prognosis for the disease. Kupffer cells (KCs) are macrophages that constantly reside within the liver and form an effective first line defence against multiple harmful agents which reach the hepatic sinusoids via the portal circulation. KCs remove chemical compounds and dead or damaged cells, eliminate bacteria and protect against invading tumour cells. They may play a crucial tumouricidal role, exerting cytotoxic and cytostatic functions through the release of multiple cytokines and chemokines. Subsequently, colorectal metastasising cells are destroyed either by KC-performed phagocytosis or via the stimulation of other immune cells which migrate into the sinusoids and act accordingly. On the contrary, KC products, including cytokines, growth factors and matrix-degrading enzymes may promote liver metastasis, supporting tumour cell extravasation, motility and invasion. Current research aims to exploit the antineoplastic properties of KCs in new therapeutic approaches of colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Numerous agents, such as the granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interferon gamma, muramyl peptide analogues and various antibody based treatments, have been tested in experimental models with promising results. Future trials may investigate their use in everyday clinical practice and compare their therapeutic value with current treatment of the disease.     

Laparoscopic resection of hepatic colorectal metastases

BackgroundLiver resection for secondary malignancy has become the standard of care in appropriately staged patients, offering 5-year survival rates of >40%. Reports of laparoscopic liver resection have been published with increasing frequency over the last few years. In these small series approximately one-third of all operations have been for malignancy, but survival figures cannot be assessed yet.MethodsA retrospective review of all laparoscopic liver resections performed by four surgeons in Brisbane between 1997 and 2004 was done. Follow-up was by regular patient review and telephone confirmation.ResultsOf 84 laparoscopic liver resections, 33 (39%) were for malignancy; 28 of these were for metastases (22 colorectal). Thirteen patients had left lateral sectionectomy with minimal morbidity; nine right hepatectomies were attempted and six cases of segmental or subsegmental resection were performed. Survival rates in 12 patients followed for 2 years with colorectal secondaries were 75% with 67% disease-free.DiscussionLaparoscopic liver resection is feasible in highly selected cases of malignant disease. Patients need to be appropriately staged and surgeons need a broad experience of open liver surgery and advanced laparoscopic procedures.     

Realistic expectations for cryoablation of liver tumors

While cryoablation has been shown to be an effective method of destruction of primary and metastatic liver tumors, there is a disturbingly high incidence of recurrence at the cryoablated site and there are conflicting reports concerning long-term survival. For this reason, resection remains the preferred surgical treatment of liver tumors. However, there is a population of patients who, because of age, pre-existing liver disease, or likely systemic dissemination, present a higher risk for major resection, and for whom cryoablation may be favored. This study examined the safety and effectiveness of cryoablation in patients thought to be at higher risk for conventional hepatic resection, or in whom resection would not eradicate all known disease. Twenty-eight consecutive patients underwent cryoablation, with or without resection, of 39 hepatic tumors for primary (n = 9) or metastatic (n = 19) disease. Their postoperative course and long-term follow-up were examined for complications, survivability, and recurrence of disease. With the use of cryoablation, a major hepatic resection was avoided in 20 patients, 11 of whom were 70 years or older, 4 who likely had disseminated cancer even though the liver was the only site of detectable disease, 2 who were cirrhotic, and 2 with bilobar disease. An additional 7 patients had recurrence of disease in a previously resected liver, for whom additional resection would be hazardous. There was one operative death from an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Seven patients developed complications, including 2 patients with cryoablation-induced coagulopathy. Excluding 2 patients (including the postoperative death) the average hospital length of stay was 6.7 ± 2.8 days. Seven patients required some intensive care unit (ICU) care. Three patients with primary liver cancer are alive 29 to 47 months after cryoablation. Two patients with metastatic disease are alive without recurrence at 12 and 16 months, and 9 are alive with disease from 13 to 58 months after cryoablation. Fifteen patients developed liver recurrence, 5/27 (19%) at the cryoablated site. Cryoablation appears to be a safe treatment modality for primary and metastatic liver cancer. It is particularly appealing in those patients who may be at higher risk for major hepatectomy because of age, pre-existing liver disease, type of metastatic disease, previous resection, or bilobar tumors. Most disturbing is the high incidence of recurrence at the cryoablated site, which may reflect problems with ultrasound localization or proximity of tumors to major vasculature. Disease-free survival is low. From this standpoint the procedure should be considered palliative, even though all hepatic tumors can be eradicated. However, these limitations should not deter the use of cryoablation in selected patients. There is the potential for long-term survival, just as there is with resection.