血细胞包括哪些？各有何生理功能？

血细胞包括红细胞、白细胞和血小板。成熟红细胞的主要生理功能是输送氧。白细胞包括中性、嗜酸性和嗜碱性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞。中性粒细胞及单核细胞具有吞噬作用，是抵制微生物侵入机体的重要防线。嗜酸性粒细胞与限制、改变炎症反应后果有关。嗜碱性粒细胞能释放组织胺及肝素。淋巴细胞经胸腺作用后称T细胞，未经胸腺作用的为B细胞，2种淋巴细胞分别参与体内细胞免疫和体液免疫反应。血小板与止血功能有关。     

PENTRA 60血液分析仪提示有异常细胞的可信性分析

PENTRA 60全自动血液分析仪能将白细胞(WBC)分为嗜中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞5类,当疑有异常细胞时自动提示有异型淋巴细胞、巨大未成熟细胞.我们对127例有异常信号提示的标本同时用显微镜目测法分类比较,结果满意.     

流式细胞术研究~(60)Co辐照血白细胞Bcl-2与Bax凋亡基因蛋白表达

目的　了解不同剂量60 Co辐照血淋巴细胞、粒细胞与单核细胞细胞Bcl 2与Bax凋亡基因蛋白表达。方法　应用流式细胞术 (FCM)测定。结果　经不同剂量60 Co辐照的离体全血淋巴、单核与粒细胞Bcl 2凋亡基因蛋白表达均有不同程度的下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,并随着60 Co辐照剂量的逐渐增加Bcl 2凋亡基因蛋白表达下降也逐渐明显。对淋巴细胞Bax凋亡基因蛋白表达除 35Gy剂量组与对照组比较呈显著性 (P <0 .0 1)外 ,其他剂量组未呈显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;单核细胞Bax凋亡基因蛋白表达除 30Gy剂量组与对照组比较未呈显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )外 ,其他剂量组均呈显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;粒细胞Bax凋亡基因蛋白表达未呈显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。淋巴细胞与粒细胞经60 Co辐照后的Bcl 2 /Bax的比值不同程度的下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,尤其是淋巴细胞下降更为明显 ;单核细胞比值无改变 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　 15 35Gy60 Co辐照可促使离体全血淋巴细胞与粒细胞凋亡 ,并且可应用Bcl 2 /Bax比值作为判断离体全血淋巴细胞经60 Co辐照后是否灭活的检测指标之一。     

PENTRA60血液细胞分析仪五分类结果可信性评价

PENTRA 60全自动血液分析仪将WBC分为嗜中性粒细胞(N)、淋巴细胞(L)、单核细胞(M)、嗜酸性粒细胞(E)、嗜碱性粒细胞(B)五类,并能自动甄别、提示异型淋巴细胞或巨大未成熟细胞.     

血常规检验报告中细胞分布图意义

1　白细胞分布图血液中的白细胞大小直径相差不多 ,嗜中性粒细胞直径 10～ 15 μｍ ,嗜酸性粒细胞直径 11～ 16μｍ ,嗜碱性粒细胞直径 10～ 12 μｍ ,淋巴细胞直径 6～15 μｍ ,单核细胞直径 10～ 2 0 μｍ。用机器计数分类时容易混淆。于是在血液标本中加入特殊试剂作用于白细胞膜 ,将其破坏成网状结构 ,胞浆中的液态成分溢出 ,剩下细胞核和细胞膜。成熟的淋巴细胞体积在 35～ 98ｆＬ ,中性粒细胞体积在 135～ 4 5 0ｆＬ。单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞及多数的幼稚细胞体积在 98～ 135ｆＬ。全自动血细胞分析仪根据细胞微粒的大…     

CD3500血细胞分析仪异淋细胞结果可信性分析

CD3500全自动血细胞分析仪不但能将白细胞分为嗜中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞五类,还能提供其他四种分类及百分数,如:异常淋巴细胞%(VARLM)、胚细胞%(BLAST)、未成熟粒细胞%(IG)、带形核嗜中性粒细胞%(BAND).本文对仪器提供的异常淋巴细胞(以下简称异淋细胞)分类的百分数和传统的显微镜目测(以下简称镜检)分类百分数比较,结果分析如下.     

山医群体中国地鼠的血细胞学检查

山医群体近交系中国地鼠的细胞数、白细胞数、网织红细胞数、血红蛋白及嗜碱性粒细胞的数值均与人类生理值相近。血小板和淋巴细胞数值高于人类生理值，中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和单核细胞低于人类生理值。     

Sysmex SF-3000血液细胞分析仪白细胞五分类结果应用与评价

目的探讨Sysmex SF-3000血液细胞分析仪白细胞五分类结果的精密度和准确度.方法对临床462例患者全血标本进行SF-3000血细胞分析仪白细胞五分类及对照目测分类.结果中性粒细胞两者相关系数(r)为0.96,嗜酸性粒细胞为0.86;嗜碱性粒细胞为0.89;淋巴细胞为0.82;而单核细胞为0.63.除单核细胞外,两种分类方法无显著性差异(P＞0.05),而单核细胞有极其显著性差异(P＜0.001).结论除单核细胞外,中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞用仪器分类的精密度与准确度相当于目测分类.     

XT-1800i血液分析仪白细胞分类异常报警可靠性评价

目的探讨SysmexXT-1800i血液分析仪白细胞分类异常报警信息的可靠性。方法对XT-1800i血液分析仪检测的328份标本进行手工血涂片、染色及显微镜检查,并对检测结果进行相关性回归分析。结果仪器有报警提示的标本分类与人工显微镜镜检分类比较,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞相关系数（r）分别为0．986、0．969、0．826、0．884、0．446;仪器无报警提示的标本分类与人工显微镜镜检分类比较,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞r值分别是0．996、0．984、0．868、0．887和0．529。结论对有异常报警信息的标本都应进行手工血涂片、染色及显微镜复检。     

CD3500血细胞分析仪异淋细胞结果可信性分析

CD3500全自动血细胞分析仪不但能将白细胞分为嗜中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞五类．还能提供其他四种分类及百分数，如：异常淋巴细胞％(VARLM)、胚细胞％(BLAST)、未成熟粒细胞％(IG)、带形核嗜中性粒细胞％(BAND)。本文对仪器提供的异常淋巴细胞(以下简称异淋细胞)分类的百分数和传统的显微镜目测(以下简称镜检)分类百分数比较，结果分析如下。     

Diagnostic value of an automatic hematology analyzer in patients with hematologic disorders

The Sysmex SE-9000 is a newly designed automatic hematology analyzer that provides complete blood counts and white-cell differential counts. Few reports in the literature, however, discuss the sensitivity and specificity of this type of automatic analyzer, especially in patients with hematologic illnesses. This study compared differences between hematologist assessments and measurements made by the SE-9000 analyzer of differential counts, immature granulocytes, atypical lymphocytes, nucleated red cells, and platelet counts. Significant differences were found between manual and apparatus counting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes but not of eosinophils and basophils. Atypical lymphocytes and nucleated red cell could not be counted accurately, and when platelet counts fell below 20 x 10(9)/L, accurate assessments were not possible. We conclude that not even the Sysmex SE-9000 can provide unflawed results and any suspicious blood report should be rechecked by an experienced hematologist.     

Biological variation of the leukocyte differential count quantities.

The biological variation of the blood concentration and number fraction of the different kinds of leukocytes have been estimated, over a one-year period in a group of 19 women and 20 men, apparently healthy volunteers. All measurements have been performed with a Toa E-5000 haematological analyser. The medians of the within-subject biological coefficients of variation, separated by sex when significant differences exist, are the following for concentrations: 9.4% in men and 15.4% in women for the leukocytes, 16.9% in men and 26.9% in women for the neutrophils, 12.3% for the lymphocytes, 14.9 for the basophils+eosinophils+monocytes (as measured by Toa E-5000); and for number fraction are the following: 8.6% for neutrophils, 0% in men and 7.2% in women for lymphocytes, and 16.7 for basophils+eosinophils+monocytes (as measured by Toa E-5000). With these data the index of individuality, the critical difference for significant change detection and the desirable imprecision have been calculated.     

Impact of allogenic blood transfusions on temperature,platelet count and differential leukocyte count of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting

We compared the median values of temperature, platelet count, white blood cell count and differential leukocyte count (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) just before and after coronary artery bypass grafting of patients transfused with packed red cell units (n = 119), and not transfused with packed red cell units (n = 98). Just before surgery and at 7 h, 13 h, 22 h, 46 h and 142 h after surgery, blood samples were taken. In the patient group undergoing transfusion lower median values at a significance level of alpha = 0.025 were found of their temperature postoperatively at 7 h, platelets at 22 h, 46 h and 142 h, white blood cell count at 13 h and 22 h, neutrophils at 7 h, 13 h and 22 h, lymphocytes at 46 h and 142 h, compared to the patients not transfused.     

The effect of smoking on the composition of the peripheral blood in normal subjects]

The peripheral blood erythrocytic and leukocytic status was studied in 60 healthy young tobacco-smokers and in 30 non-smokers. The smokers were divided into two subgroups, each with 30 members: those smoking for not more than 5 years and those smoking for 6 to 10 years. A trend to inhibition of erythro- and leukocytopoiesis was detected in Subgroup 1 tobacco smokers: reticulocyte maturation rate was reduced, as was bone marrow production and the level of circulating red cells, macrocyte count was increased and planocytosis was likely to develop, leukocyte counts were decreased at the expense of the neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes; basophil count was growing. Subgroup 2 tobacco-smokers presented with normalization of erythro- and leukocytopoiesis: reticulocyte maturation rate was growing, as was bone marrow production and the count of circulating red cells, erythrocytogram normalized, leukocyte count was increasing at the expense of the neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes; basophil count has decreased. The detected changes in the peripheral blood erythro- and leukocytic composition, related to the duration of tobacco-smoking, appear to reflect different phases of tobacco smoke toxic product effects on the bone marrow and the formation of the defense, adaptive, allergic, and immunologic reactions of the body in conditions of prolonged tobacco antigenemia.     

XE-5000研究参数白细胞分类结果与镜检对比

目的 探讨XE-5000全自动血细胞分析仪白细胞不能分类时研究参数中白细胞分类计数的准确性.方法 选择XE-5000白细胞不能分类的血液病患者66例和非血液病患者66例,分别进行涂片染色显微镜镜检分类.对XE-5000研究参数中白细胞分类结果与镜检结果进行相关性分析,比较两者结果的关系.结果 血液病组中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞相关系数分别为0.933、0.959、0.654、0.846和0.417(P<0.01).非血液病组中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞相关系数分别为0.882、0.908、0.416、0.420(P<0.01)和0.069(P>0.05).两种方法相比较,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞呈高度正相关,单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞呈中度正相关.结论 XE-5000全自动血细胞分析仪研究参数中白细胞分类结果可靠,具有准确、简便、快速等优点,为分类提供一个可行方法,临床可参考研究参数分类结果出报告.     

A new development in haematological cell counting: the Sysmex NE-8000, automaton for cell count and physical five-part leukocyte differentiation

We compared the results of the Sysmex NE-8000 with those of the Sysmex E-4000 and the Technicon H-6000. Both for the whole blood cell count and the leukocyte differentiation we obtained intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation fully comparable with those for other cell counters. The carry-over between samples was negligibly small. The linearity range was broad, which implies a universal application in routine haematological analysis. The numerical results from the Sysmex NE-8000 and the Technicon H-6000 corresponded closely, with exception of the mean corpuscular volume and the haematocrit, whereas these parameters showed excellent agreement between the NE-8000 and the E-4000. In the differentiation of leukocytes, the NE-8000 and H-6000 showed good correlation and conformity for lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils; for monocytes and basophils the conformity was poor. We also found a good correlation between the NE-8000 and E-4000 for lymphocytes and neutrophils, whereas the correlation was less for the middle cell ratio and the sum of monocytes, eosinophils and basophils. Furthermore, we compared Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for the different leukocyte subtypes on the NE-8000, the H-6000 and the E-4000, and investigated the flagging frequency in inpatients, outpatients and blood donors.     

数字细胞成像分析仪DI-60系统对外周血白细胞形态学分类能力的评估

目的评估数字细胞成像分析仪DI-60系统(简称DI-60系统)对外周血白细胞形态学方面的识别能力。方法根据纳入及排除标准,随机选择100例白细胞形态无异常的血液标本和287例XN仪器出现白细胞形态异常报警信息的标本,使用DI-60系统分别进行100个和200个白细胞计数并分类,所得结果与人工镜检的结果进行比较,分析人工镜检和DI-60系统对正常形态白细胞检出的符合率和相关性,以及异常形态白细胞的检出率。结果与人工镜检比较,DI-60系统检测中性粒细胞(Neut)、淋巴细胞(Lym)和单核细胞(Mon)的符合率均在80%左右,嗜碱性粒细胞(Baso)的符合率较低。DI-60系统计数100、200个白细胞的分类结果与人工镜检计数Neut、Lym、Mon、嗜酸性粒细胞、Baso分类的结果均呈线性正相关,r分别为0.9204、0.9355,0.8950、0.9256,0.6551、0.6550,0.7652、0.7831,0.6974、0.7199,均P<0.05。DI-60系统与人工镜检对异常形态白细胞的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论DI-60系统与人工镜检具有较好的符合率和相关性,特别是对于Neut和Lym,虽然其仍存在一定程度的系统偏倚,但可以在一定程度上替代人工镜检。     

Correlations of disease severity and age with hematology parameter variations in patients with COVID‐19 pre‐ and post‐treatment

BackgroundFor better understanding of the pathological changes of COVID‐19, benefiting clinical management of the disease and the preparation for future waves of similar pandemics.MethodsHematology parameters from a total of 52 cases of COVID‐19 admitted for treatment in a designated hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software.ResultsPre‐treatment T‐cell subsets, total lymphocytes, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), eosinophils, and basophils were significantly lower than that of post‐treatment, while the inflammatory indexes neutrophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, as well as red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin, were significantly reduced after treatment. The T‐cell subsets, total lymphocytes, and basophils in severely and critically ill patients were significantly lower than those in moderately ill patients. Neutrophils, NLR, eosinophils, procalcitonin (PCT), and CRP was significantly higher in severely and critically ill patients than in moderately ill patients. CD3+, CD8+, total lymphocytes, platelets, and basophils in patients older than 50 were lower than that of those younger than 50, while neutrophils, NLR, CRP, and RDW in patients older than 50 were higher than that of younger than 50. There was a positive correlation among prothrombin time (PT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in severely and critically ill patients.ConclusionsT‐cell subsets, lymphocyte count, RDW, neutrophils, eosinophils, NLR, CRP, PT, ALT, and AST are important indicators in the management especially for severely and critically ill patients with COVID‐19.     

Leukotriene modifiers]

Cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) C4, D4, and E4 play key roles in asthma. CysLTs are newly generated after cellular activation and are produced by eosinophils, mast cells, alveolar macrophages, and neutrophils. Pharmacological actions of CysLTs include potent bronchoconstriction, increased microvascular leakage and mucus secretion, chemoattraction of eosinophils, acceleration of eosinophil apoptosis, and proliferation of human airway smooth muscle. Recent studies demonstrated that CysLT1 receptors are distributed on CD34+ stem cells, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, basophils, and B cells in addition to airway smooth muscle. Because of these wide variety of distribution, Cys LTs may have another important roles in airway inflammation. CysLT1 receptor antagonist is widely used and found to be beneficial for the chronic management of asthma especially to symptomatic patients who had already been treated with moderate to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids and also to mild to moderate steroid-naive asthmatic patients.     

Evaluation of the automated haematology analyser Sysmex M-2000

The automated Sysmex M-2000 was evaluated according to the ICSH (International Committee for Standardization in Haematology) protocol. After dilution of packed cells with cell-free plasma, blood cell counts were linear. The overall precision of the measured parameters was good; the CV's ranged between 0.64% and 2.06%. The carry-over was negligible; platelets showed the biggest carry-over with 0.25% in the Whole Blood Mode, while red blood cells (RBC) showed a carry-over of 0.55% in the Prediluted Mode. 300 clinical samples were measured on the Sysmex M-2000 and the Sysmex CC-700 with PL-100, and the results were compared. The coefficients of correlation for white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin and haematocrit were greater than 0.99; platelets showed an r of 0.982. Comparison of the results from the Sysmex M-2000 trimodal leukocyte distribution with a manual 100 cell differentiation showed a close correlation for lymphocytes (r = 0.948), and neutrophils (r = 0.931). The middle cell fraction corresponding to monocytes, eosinophils and basophils showed a correlation with r = 0.703. Pathological samples showed no interference with the blood count. Leukocyte counts less than 1000 x 10(9)/l did not effect the measurement of haemoglobin. During the period of evaluation, no instrument malfunctions occurred. Because of its precision and reliability, the Sysmex M-2000 is well suited for routine work and stat analysis in medium-sized laboratories.