胃、十二指肠（051567-051597）

051567 甘肃省武威市胃癌发病率对比分析，051568 胃癌特异性纳米疫苗的制备及其生物学活性的研究，051569 应用DHPLC技术分析错配修复基因（hMLH1）T1151A多态与胃肠道肿瘤的遗传易感性，051570 胃肠道间质瘤临床病理及免疫组织化学特征，051571 转存活素基因树突状细胞抗消化道肿瘤的免疫效应。     

EGFR基因rs763317多态性与胃癌遗传易感的相关性研究

目的:探讨EGFR基因第一内舍子区rs763317位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与江西地区汉族人群胃癌遗传易感性的相关性.方法:应用MassARRAY(R)SNP分型技术检测138例胃癌患者和170名正常对照EGFR基因多态位点rs763317的基因型.用χ2检验统计分析病例组和对照组基因型和等位基因的频率;采用非条件Logistic回归分析,计算比数比(OR)和95%CI,评价多态性位点与胃癌遗传易感性的相关性.结果:EGFRrs763317多态位点AA、AG和GG基因型在胃癌人群中的分布频率为5.8%、52.2%和42.0%,与对照组(2.4%,31.8%和65.9%)相比差异有统计学意义,P≤0.001.与rs763317 GG基因型相比,携带AA或AG基因型的个体能显著增加患胃癌的发病危险(OR=3.909,95%CI:1.108～13.786;OR=2.540,95%CI:1.565～4.123).等位基因A在胃癌患者的分布频率显著高于正常对照组(OR=3.277,95%CI:1.103～9.738).结论:首次发现EGFR基因第一内含子区rs763317位点多态性与江西地区汉族人群胃癌的遗传易感性相关.     

RASSF1基因SNP与陕西地区结直肠癌发病风险关系的研究

目的:探讨RASSF1基因第三外显子G133T和第六外显子A315G单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与陕西地区汉族人群结直肠癌(CRC)易感性的关系。方法:采用基于人群的病例对照研究,聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测61例CRC和122例健康对照个体RASSF1基因多态位点的基因型频率分布,比较不同基因型与CRC发生风险的关系。结果:RASSF1基因G133T多态的T等位基因频率在CRC患者组为24.6%,显著高于健康对照组的6.1%(P=0.00)。与G/G基因型相比,携带G/T基因型的个体CRC的发病风险显著增加,经性别、年龄、吸烟状况、GIC家族史校正后的OR值为2.33(95%CI=1.05-5.15)。RASSF1基因A315G多态的G等位基因频率在CRC患者组为25.4%,显著高于健康对照组的11.9%(P=0.00)。根据个体吸烟状况进行分层分析发现,与A/A基因型相比,携带A/G基因型和G等位基因(A/G+G/G基因型)可显著增加吸烟个体CRC的发病风险,经性别、年龄、GIC家族史校正后的OR值为4.5(95%CI=1.65-12.28)。根据GIC家族史进行分层分析发现,与A/A基因型相比,携带A/G基因型或G等位基因(A/G+G/G基因型)可显著增加GIC家族史阳性个体CRC的发病风险,经性别、年龄、吸烟状况校正后的OR值为3.78(95%CI=1.39-10.19)。结论:携带RASSF1基因G133T多态的T等位基因(G/T+T/T基因型)可能显著增加陕西地区人群CRC的发病风险。携带RASSF1基因A315G多态的G等位基因(A/G+G/G基因型)可能显著增加陕西地区人群CRC的发病风险。分层分析发现,G等位基因(A/G+G/G基因型)可能显著增加吸烟个体和GIC家族史阳性个体CRC的发病风险。     

CDH 1基因-1 60(C→A)多态性与胃癌侵袭性的关系

目的:探讨CDH1基因160(C→A)多态性在福建地区胃癌人群中的分布及其与胃癌侵袭性的关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)变性高效液相色谱分析(DHPLC)方法对102例胃癌患者进行CDH1基因160(C→A)多态性的基因型分析,比较基因型分布和胃癌组织浸润转移等侵袭性病理指标的关系。结果:CDH1基因160(C→A)多态的CC、CA和AA基因型在胃癌患者中的分布频率分别为58(56.9%)、38(37.3%)和6(5.9%);160(C→A)基因型分布与胃癌组织病理分级显著性相关(P=0.038),与肿瘤浸润深度显著相关(P=0.005);与淋巴结转移(N1与N2 N3)显著相关(P=0.027);与CC纯合基因型相比,含A等位基因型的胃癌趋向于高病理分级,浸润深度深,淋巴结转移更多。160(C→A)基因型分布与组织学类型、肿瘤部位及病期无明显相关(P>0.05)。结论:CDH1基因160(C→A)多态性与福建地区胃癌的侵袭性有关,携带A等位基因可能是胃癌侵袭的危险因素。     

RASSF1基因单核苷酸多态性与食管癌的发病风险

目的:探讨RASSF1基因第三外显子G133T和第六外显子A315G单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与陕西地区汉族人群食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)易感性的关系.方法:采用基于人群的病例对照研究,聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测120例ESCC和122例健康对照个体RASSF1基因多态位点的基因型频率分布,比较不同基因型与ESCC发生风险的关系.结果:RASSF1基因G133T多态的T等位基因频率和A315G多态的G等基因频率在ESCC患者组分别为17.5%和23.8%,显著高于健康对照组的6.1%和11.9%.根据个体吸烟状况进行分层分析发现,携带G/T基因型或T等位基因(G/T+T/T基因型)和携带A/G基因型或G等位基因(A/G+G/G基因型)可显著增加吸烟个体ESCC的发病风险,经性别、年龄、GIC家族史校正后的OR值分别为11.7和5.02(95%CI=3.95-34.9和2.09-12.06).GIC家族史分层分析发现,携带G/T基因型或T等位基因(G/T+T/T基因型)和A/G基因型可显著增加GIC家族史阳性个体和GIC家族史阴性个体ESCC的发病风险, 经性别、年龄、吸烟状况校正后的OR值为5.08和3.51(95%CI=1.85-13.92和1.69-7.21).结论:携带RASSF1基因G133T多态的T等位基因(G/T+T/T基因型)可能显著增加陕西地区人群ESCC的发病风险.携带RASSF1基因A315G多态的G等位基因(A/G+G/G基因型)可能显著增加陕西地区人群ESCC的发病风险.     

雌激素受体基因ESR1多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的：研究雌激素受体α（ESR1）基因单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）与乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法：运用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析的方法检测193例中国汉族女性乳腺癌患者和71名正常女性对照者ESR1基因上rs11155816位点的基因型,以SPSS 11.0软件卡方检验处理数据。结果：rs11155816位点等位基因频率符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律。rs11155816位点的等位基因及基因型与患者肿瘤位置及是否存在远处转移相关,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;与年龄、大小、组织学类型、受体表达无关。rs11155816位点等位基因及基因型频率在乳腺癌人群与正常对照者间分布差异有显著性,乳腺癌人群中等位基因A频率高于正常人群（23.8%比15.5%,P〈0.05）。结论：rs11155816位点基因的多态性与乳腺癌患者的肿瘤位置和远处转移相关,等位基因A携带者乳腺癌发病风险较高。     

硒蛋白S基因G-105A、G-254A位点多态性与湖南汉族人群胃癌遗传易感性的相关研究

目的 探讨湖南汉族人群硒蛋白S(SelS)基因G-105A、G-254A位点多态性与胃癌遗传易感性的相关研究.方法 采用聚合酶链反应—限制性片断长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,检测113例湖南汉族胃癌患者及111例健康对照者基因型和等位基因频率,分析胃癌患者与健康对照者G-105A、G-254A位点等位基因频率及基因型频率的差异.结果 G-105A位点GG、GA和AA基因型在胃癌组和健康对照组间分别为100.0％、0.0％、0.0％和100.0％、0.0％、0.0％;G、A等位基因频率在胃癌组和健康对照组分别为100.0％、0.0％和100.0％、0.0％,胃癌组和健康对照组基因型和等位基因频率分布无差异.G-254A位点CC、CT和TT基因型在胃癌和健康对照组间分别为50.0％、37.2％、12.8％和65.8％、28.8％、5.4％;C、T等位基因频率在胃癌组和健康对照组分别为69.0％、31.0％和80.2％、19.8％.胃癌组和健康对照组基因型和等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).湖南汉族人群中携带T等位基因的个体患胃癌的风险是CC基因型个体的1.89倍(OR=1.89,95％CI:1.10～ 3.23).结论 SelSG-254A位点多态性与胃癌的发病具有相关性,T等位基因可能是湖南汉族人群胃癌发病的危险因素之一;湖南汉族人群可能无G-105A这一位点的多态性分布.     

雌激素受体基因ESR1多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的:研究雌激素受体α(ESR1)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法:运用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)分析的方法检测193例中国汉族女性乳腺癌患者和71名正常女性对照者ESR1基因上rs11155816位点的基因型,以SPSS 11.0软件卡方检验处理数据。结果:rs11155816位点等位基因频率符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律。rs11155816位点的等位基因及基因型与患者肿瘤位置及是否存在远处转移相关,差异有显著性(P<0.05);与年龄、大小、组织学类型、受体表达无关。rs11155816位点等位基因及基因型频率在乳腺癌人群与正常对照者间分布差异有显著性,乳腺癌人群中等位基因A频率高于正常人群(23.8%比15.5%,P<0.05)。结论:rs11155816位点基因的多态性与乳腺癌患者的肿瘤位置和远处转移相关,等位基因A携带者乳腺癌发病风险较高。     

错配修复基因hMLH1突变Val384Asp在胃癌、食管癌发病中的作用

目的研究hMLH1基因错义突变Val384Asp在胃癌、食管癌发病中的作用.方法应用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术,对79例胃癌患者及其亲属、76例食管癌患者及其亲属、100例正常对照,进行了错配修复基因hMLH1错义突变Val384Asp筛选,确定其检出率.结果6%的正常人携带hMLH1基因Val384Asp(杂合型);具有癌症家族史的胃癌患者及其亲属中Val384Asp的检出率与正常对照比较具有显著差异(P＜0.05;P＜0.01).以年龄分组比较,围绕中位发病年龄组的胃癌患者和低年龄的胃癌患者亲属组Val384Asp检出率较高(P＜0.05).食管癌患者及其亲属与正常对照之间无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论hMLH1基因Val384Asp等位基因频率在中国人中约为3%,该错义突变可能在部分胃癌发病中起一定作用.     

FUS2基因多态位点 SNP767(A/T)在肺癌中的研究

背景与目的 FUS2基因位于3p21．3染色体区。是一个候选的抑癌基因。本研究的目的是探讨FUS2-767A／T多态位点与肺癌的相关性以及在肺癌患者和正常人群中的分布差异。方法 应用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和单链核苷酸构象多态性（SSCP）联合检测了146例肺癌患者和113例正常人群中FUS2-767A／T等位基因分布情况，比较不同基因型与肺癌风险的相关性。结果 FUS2-767A／T多态性与肺癌组织学类型（P=0．044）、年龄（P=0．011）以及脉管瘤栓（P=0．031）有密切关系。但该多态位点在肺癌患者和正常人群中的分布未见明显的差异（P=0．945）。结论 FUS2-767A／T多态可能与肺癌的发病年龄、肺癌的组织学类型和肺癌转移密切相关。     

生长激素1基因多态性和烟酒习惯与结直肠癌易感性的关系

目的:研究生长激素1(growth hormone1,GH1)基因T1663A多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系。方法:在江苏省进行了一个病例-对照研究(结直肠癌患者315例,人群对照439名),调查研究对象的生活习惯,抽取静脉血,提取白细胞DNA,采用PCR-RFLP检测研究对象的GH1T1663A基因型。结果:1)GH1T/T、T/A和A/A基因型分布频度在结直肠癌组分别为42.2%、46.7%和11.1%,对照组分别为38·1%、45·9%和16·0%,两组差异无统计学意义,χ2MH=3·907,P=0·142。但在调整性别、年龄、吸烟和饮酒习惯后,A/A基因型者与T/T基因型者相比,发生结直肠癌的危险性显著降低(OR=0·88,95%CI:0·78~0·99,P=0·0287)。2)多因素分析结果显示,饮酒者患结直肠癌的危险性显著增高(OR=1·96,95%CI:1·34~2·86,P=0·0005),A/A基因型与降低结直肠癌的危险性有关,而吸烟与增加或降低结直肠癌的危险性无显著相关。3)GH1基因多态与吸烟、饮酒相互作用的分层分析发现,在不吸烟者中,GH1A/A基因型者与T等位基因型者相比,发生结直肠癌的危险性显著降低(性别和年龄调整OR=0·50,95%CI:0·27~0·93);在不饮酒者中,GH1A/A基因型者发生结直肠癌的调整OR为0·56(95%CI:0·32~0·99)。结论:T1663A GH1基因的A/A基因型可降低结直肠癌易感性,特别是在不吸烟和不饮酒者中。     

Genotyping Possible Polymorphic Variants of Human Mismatch Repair Genes in Healthy Korean Individuals and Sporadic Colorectal Cancer Patients

The genotypic consequences of numerous single-nucleotide variants in human mismatch repair genes are mostly undetermined. We examined 27 reported single-nucleotide variants, rarely or ambiguously verified in a population-based study, to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), haplotypes, and the genotype-phenotype association in Korean populations of 330 healthy individuals, 107 sporadic colorectal cancer patients, and 107 of their first-degree relatives. Real-time PCR 5'-nuclease assays (TaqMan) MGB assay) were used to determine 24 single-nucleotide variants, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays were used to determine 3 variants. Of these 27 variants, 4 (hMSH2 gIVS12-6, hMLH1 655, hMLH1 1151, and hMSH2 1168, in descending order) were identified as SNPs occurring in 4.5 to 53.1% of healthy individuals, with polymorphism levels of 0.023-0.3 (mean, 0.092). East Asian populations had an ethnic predilection for the hMLH1 1151 SNP. The genotype distribution for all four SNPs showed no association with sporadic colorectal cancer. Twenty-three variants were not identified in the Korean population, suggesting that fifteen of these variants are colorectal cancer-related mutations and eight are SNPs. Two haplotype patterns existed exclusively, but with rare frequency, in sporadic colorectal cancer patients. The hMLH1 655 allele was closely correlated with hMLH1 protein expression (P = 0.02), but none of the four SNPs was associated with clinicopathologic variables. Among the 27 single nucleotide variants of mismatch repair genes, 12 were suggestive of nonfunctional SNPs and 15 may be colorectal cancer-related mutations. Further verification in other ethnic groups may provide the genotypic and phenotypic significance of single nucleotide variants found in mismatch repair genes.     

Aurora-A and Cyclin D1 polymorphisms and the age of onset of colorectal cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

Polymorphisms in the 2 cell-cycle control genes Aurora A and Cyclin D1 have previously been associated with changes in the age of onset of colorectal cancer in persons harboring germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). In this report, we have genotyped 312 individuals, who all harbored confirmed causative mutations in either hMSH2 or hMLH1, for 2 polymorphisms, one in Aurora A (T91A) and the other in Cyclin D1 (G870A). The results reveal that the previous association with the Aurora A polymorphism could not be confirmed in our larger group of HNPCC patients. The Cyclin D1 polymorphism, however, was associated with a significant difference in the age of disease onset on patients harboring hMSH2 mutations, which was not observed in hMLH1 mutation carriers. A combined analysis of the Aurora A and Cyclin D1 polymorphisms did not reveal any obvious association. In conclusion, it appears that the polymorphic variant of Aurora A does not appear to be associated with variation in colorectal cancer risk in HNPCC, whereas there is a more complex relationship between the Cyclin D1 polymorphism and disease risk in HNPCC.     

VEGF基因-460T/C单核苷酸多态性与河北地区汉族人群肺癌发病风险相关性分析

目的:研究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因启动子区-460T/C单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与河北地区汉族人群肺癌发病风险的关系。方法:采用基于医院的病例-对照研究方法,采集200例肺癌患者和204名健康对照的静脉血,同时记录其病史和个人相关资料。以蛋白酶K消化-饱和氯化钠盐析法提取外周血白细胞DNA,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法和引物介导的限制性聚合酶链反应(PIRA-PCR)方法检测VEGF-460T/C多态性位点的基因型。结果:肺癌组VEGF-460C/T SNP C等位基因频率(27.5%)明显高于对照组(20.1%),两组比较差异有统计学意义,χ2=6.109,P=0.013。肺癌组与对照组的T/T、T/C+C/C基因型频率分别为52.2%、47.5%和63.2%、36.7%,差异有统计学意义,χ2=4.445,P=0.029。与T/T基因型相比,携带C等位基因(T/C+C/C)的基因型可显著增加肺癌的发病风险;与T/T基因型相比,携带C等位基因(T/C+C/C)的基因型可显著增加不吸烟人群的发病风险。与T/T基因型相比,携带C等位基因的基因型(T/C+C/C),明显增加肺鳞状细胞癌及小细胞癌发病风险。结论:VEGF-460T/C SNP可能与肺癌发病风险相关。     

Polymorphisms in hMLH1 and risk of early-onset lung cancer in a southeast Chinese population

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) plays an important role in maintaining genome stability. Defects in MMR genes have been involved in several types of sporadic and hereditary cancers. hMLH1 is considered one of central members of the MMR pathway. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study to investigate associations of common variations in the hMLH1 gene and risk of lung cancer. A total of 500 cases and 517 controls were genotyped for seven SNPs in hMLH1. Overall, the rs1799977 I219V polymorphism was marginally associated with the risk of lung cancer (P=0.055). This association was much stronger in younger patients (P=0.01; odds ratio, 5.28; 95% CI 1.45-19.21) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.006; odds ratio, 3.65; 95% CI 1.44-9.24). These findings indicate that the hMLH1 rs1799977 polymorphism may contribute to the etiology of early-onset lung cancer as well as some specific subtype of lung cancer. Larger association studies are warranted to validate our findings and mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the association.     

APC基因3'-非编码区rs1804197多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系

目的 探讨结肠腺瘤性息肉病(APC)基因3'-非编码区rs1804197多态性与结直肠癌易感性的关系.方法 收集573例结直肠癌病例及588例对照外周静脉血标本,提取外周血DNA,使用实时荧光定量PCR进行基因分型,通过病例-对照研究方法分析rs1804197多态性位点不同基因型与结直肠癌易感性的关系.结果 结直肠癌病例组中rs1804197位点CC型387例(67.5％),AC型153例(26.7％),AA型33例(5.8％);对照组中CC型427例(72.6％),AC型144例(24.5％),AA型17例(2.9％);病例组与对照组中AA基因型比例差异有统计学意义(OR=2.14,95％ CI为1.17 ～3.91,P=0.011),A等位基因频率差异有统计学意义(P=0.011).进一步亚组分析显示,男性人群和不饮酒的人群中,病例组和对照组之间rs18041797位点基因型的频率分布差异具有统计学意义(P男性=0.048,P不饮酒=0.020);在男性人群中,携带A等位基因的个体罹患结直肠癌的风险增加了0.41倍(OR=1.41,95％ CI为1.01 ～ 1.98);在不饮酒的人群中,携带A等位基因的个体罹患结直肠癌的风险增加了0.22倍,但该结果并无统计学意义(OR=1.22,95％ CI为0.91 ～1.64).结论 APC基因3'-非编码区的rs1804197多态性与结直肠癌易感性相关,AA基因型可能增加部分人群中结直肠癌的易感性.     

The role of hMLH3 in familial colorectal cancer

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is commonly associated with at least three currently known DNA mismatch repair genes: (a) hMSH2; (b) hMLH1; and (c) hMSH6. A majority of HNPCC families has identifiable mutations in hMLH1 and hMSH2. When these mutations cause an inherited risk of colorectal cancer, they are also most often associated with microsatellite instability in the tumors. Recently, hMLH3 was suggested to be causative in HNPCC. We screened 70 index patients suggestive of a genetic predisposition for germ-line mutations in hMLH3 with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. One frameshift mutation and 11 missense mutations were identified in 16 index patients (23%). Most families presented evidence against hMLH3 as a high risk factor in familial colorectal cancer, and most of the mutations were found in the low risk patients, suggesting hMLH3 to be a low risk gene for colorectal cancer. We demonstrate in one family that a hMLH3 mutation segregated with disease together with a missense mutation in hMSH2, which makes us hypothesize that these mutations work together in an additive manner and result in an elevated risk of colorectal tumors in the family. None of the tumors with hMLH3 mutations showed microsatellite instability, which demonstrates that hMLH3 does not make its contribution to carcinogenesis through an impaired DNA mismatch repair function.     

错配修复基因hMLH3在家族性食管癌中的意义

目的：探讨错配修复基因hMLH3在家族性食管癌发生与发展中的作用。方法：应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）、变性高效液相色谱分析（DHPLC）和直接测序法对10个有遗传背景的食管癌家族（66名成员）,检测hMLH3基因所有外显子（共12个）的突变。对发现的基因改变,在家系内进行分离分析,并与在96例散发性食管癌患者和96例正常对照中发生的频率相比较。结果：在4个家系中共发现了4个错义突变和3个碱基多态性,而4个错义突变在各自家系中的发生频率均高于散发性食管癌患者和正常对照中的频率。在家系9（A2173C）和10（C2825T）中,hMLH3的突变可能具有致病性,但外显率下降;而在家系1（T3826C）和7（T3826C）的结果不支持它是单一的高风险基因。结论：hM-LH3基因在某些家族性食管癌中可能为高风险基因,但外显率下降,而在某些家系中可能仅为一低风险的基因,它诱导肿瘤的产生可能通过与其他基因相互叠加、共同起作用。     

-93G-->A polymorphism of hMLH1 and risk of primary lung cancer

Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may be associated with differences in the repair capacity of DNA damage and may thereby influence an individual's susceptibility to smoking-related cancer. We investigated the association between the -93G-->A polymorphism in the hMLH1 gene and the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population. The hMLH1 -93G-->A polymorphism was typed in 372 lung cancer patients and 371 healthy controls that were frequency-matched for age and sex. There was no significant association between the hMLH1 -93G-->A genotype and the risk for adenocarcinoma or small cell carcinoma. However, the AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma compared with both the GG genotype (adjusted OR=2.02; 95% CI=1.15-3.55; p=0.014) and the combined GG and GA genotype (adjusted OR=1.83; 95% CI=1.24-2.71; p=0.003). When the subjects were stratified by smoking exposure, the AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma in lighter smokers (< or = 39 pack-years; adjusted OR=1.95; 95% CI=1.03-3.66; p=0.039) compared with the combined GG and GA genotype, whereas there was no significant association in heavier smokers (> 39 pack-years; adjusted OR=1.47; 95% CI=0.82-2.61). These results suggest that the hMLH1 -93G-->A polymorphism could be used as a marker of genetic susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.