89Sr治疗乳腺癌和前列腺癌多发性骨转移的临床观察

目的 探讨放射性核素89Sr治疗乳腺癌和前列腺癌多发性骨转移患者的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析30例乳腺癌和40例前列腺癌多发性骨转移患者接受89Sr治疗的病例资料,采用Karnofsky评分量表和骨显像方法进行疗效评估.结果 乳腺癌组的止痛总有效率为79%,前列腺癌组的止痛总有效率为85%,两组患者之间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.78,P＞0.05).两组患者的生存质量均有明显改善,治疗前后两组患者的Karnofsky评分均有明显提高(t=2.46,P＜0.05;t=2.68,P＜0.05).治疗后两组患者均未见明显骨髓抑制与肝肾功能损伤.结论 89Sr治疗乳腺癌和前列腺癌多发性骨转移止痛效果良好,患者生存质量有明显提高.     

~(89)Sr治疗乳腺癌转移性骨痛的疗效评价

目的　评价89SrCl2 对乳腺癌转移性骨痛的临床疗效。方法　对 86例乳腺癌骨转移患者按体重静脉注射89Sr 1.48～ 2 .2 2MBq/kg。结果　治疗后骨痛减轻或消失 72例 ,总有效率为83 72 % ;治疗后骨显像有 5 9.30 % (5 1例 )骨转移灶代谢减低 ,治疗前后ROI比值比较 ,P <0 .0 5。治疗后有 2 7.90 % (2 4例 )出现Ⅰ～Ⅱ度血液学毒性反应 ,对心、肝、肾功能几乎没有影响。结论　89Sr对缓解乳腺癌骨转移瘤疼痛有较好疗效 ,并有一定的治疗作用 ,副作用小 ,可重复用药。     

^89Sr治疗乳腺癌转移性骨痛的疗效评价

目的 评价^89SrCl2对乳腺癌转移性骨痛的临床疗效。方法 对86例乳腺癌骨转移患者按体重静脉注射^89SrC1．48－2．22MBq/kg。结果 治疗后骨痛减轻或消失72例,总有效率为83．72％;治疗后骨显像有59．30％（51例）骨转移灶代谢减低。治疗前后ROI比值比较,P＜0．05。治疗后有27．90％（24例）出现Ⅰ-Ⅱ度血液学毒性反应,对心、肝、肾功能几乎没有影响。结论 ^89Sr对缓解乳腺癌骨转移瘤疼痛有较好疗效,并有一定的治疗作用,副作用小,可重复用药。     

125I粒子组织间置入治疗骨转移瘤

目的探讨^125I粒子组织间永久置入在骨转移瘤中的治疗价值。方法对22例不同来源骨转移瘤患者采取^125I粒子永久置入的方法进行治疗，观察治疗后骨痛缓解及术后病灶影像改变的情况。结果^125I粒子永久置入治疗骨转移瘤止痛有效率为91％（20／22），术后2个月粒子置入病灶的影像检查结果显示，32个骨转移灶中，完全缓解（CR）4个、部分缓解（PR）18个、稳定（NC）10个，总缓解率68．7％，所有患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论组织间永久置入^125I粒子治疗骨转移瘤止痛效果好，不良反应发生率低且程度轻，是一种疗效较好的治疗方法。     

89锶内照射治疗多发转移性骨肿瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨放射性核素~(89)锶内照射治疗转移性骨肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法对178例转移性骨肿瘤患者采用~(89)锶内照射治疗,分别从缓解骨痛、病灶疗效评价和不良反应三方面进行密切观察、随访。结果~(89)锶缓解骨痛的总有效率为69.7%,对前列腺癌和乳腺癌转移性骨肿瘤患者有效率可达87.4%和75.6%,骨显像显示55.1%的患者原发病灶局限或改善。结论~(89)锶内照射治疗多发性骨转移癌有较好疗效。     

153 Sm-EDTMP治疗癌性骨痛的影响因素

目的探讨153Sm-乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸(EDTMP)治疗癌性骨痛效果的影响因素.方法对76例首次应用153Sm-EDTMP治疗的肿瘤骨转移疼痛患者,分别按主要疼痛部位、原发癌类型、病灶骨与正常骨组织(T/NT)放射性比值、骨转移灶数目、骨转移灶占全身骨骼放射性总计数的百分率以及骨转移灶占全身骨骼总面积的百分率进行分组疗效与统计检验,并对以上6种因素及性别、年龄和治疗剂量进行单因素与多因素回归分析.结果 76例患者首次治疗后疼痛缓解的总有效率为69.74%.前列腺癌和乳腺癌疗效明显好于肺癌(χ2=11.186,P<0.01);腰痛和腰痛伴其他部位疼痛疗效明显好于髋关节或下肢疼痛(χ2=18.980,P<0.01);T/NT比值为1.2～2.0时疗效明显好于T/NT<1.20时(χ2=12.894,P<0.01).多因素回归分析提示影响疗效的显著因素依次为主要疼痛部位、原发癌类型、骨转移灶占全身骨骼放射性总计数的百分率,而治疗剂量、骨转移数目、性别、年龄等对疗效的影响不显著.结论原发癌为前列腺癌与乳腺癌骨转移者、疼痛主要以腰痛或腰痛伴其他部位疼痛者及T/NT为1.2～2.0者,行153Sm-EDTMP治疗疗效更佳.     

~（89）锶（Sr）治疗前列腺癌骨转移疼痛疗效的观察

目的：探讨前列腺癌骨转移疼痛的89锶（Sr）治疗。方法：本组13例明确诊断为前列腺癌,并有多个部位骨转移病灶伴有疼痛的病例,均已作双侧睾丸切除术去势,采用核素89锶（Sr）静脉内注射治疗。结果：89锶（Sr）治疗后,疼痛缓解率6个月为84.6%。结论：应用核素89锶（Sr）治疗中晚期前列腺癌伴骨转移性疼痛是一个比较有效的方法,其能够使患者的疼痛获得较为满意的缓解,甚至消失,从而改善他们的生活质量。     

全身骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移与PSA水平及病理分级的相关性研究

目的 探讨核素全身骨显像诊断前列腺癌骨转移与血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平及前列腺癌病理分级的关系,并研究前列腺癌发生骨转移的规律和特点.方法　对107例前列腺癌患者术前用放免法测定其血清PSA水平,并进行 99Tcm-亚甲基二瞵酸盐全身骨显像,术后对其进行病理分级,分析前列腺癌骨转移与3种方法检查结果的相关性.结...     

局部放疗联合89Sr治疗骨转移癌的疗效观察

目的评价局部放疗配合放射性核素^89Sr治疗骨转移癌的疗放，分析单纯放疗单纯核素^89Sr治疗及联合治疗的副作用。方法观察60例确诊为骨转移癌的患者，分为3组，每组20例。局部放疗（A组），采用6MV直线加速器外照射给予吸收剂量30—60Gy，2—4周，局部放疗＋^89Sr治疗（B组），单纯^89Sr治疗（C组）放射性核素^89Sr静脉内注射3—4mCi。结果治疗后B组骨痛缓解，原发灶改善明显好于A、C组；新增疼痛部位及转移灶均少于A、C组（P〈0．05）。治疗后血液学的毒性3组差异统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论局部放疗配合^89Sr治疗骨转移癌有较好的疗效，提示对单发性骨转移患者的压痛明显部位给予局部外照射止痛效果明显，对多发骨转移且病灶相距较近的给予放疗联合^89Sr治疗效果安全可靠，对全身性多发性骨转移者采用单纯放射性核素^89Sr治疗对于止痛和控制骨转移有一定疗效。     

89Sr治疗骨转移癌的临床观察

^89Sr是一种纯B发射型亲骨性放射性核素，其B射线的最大能量为1．46Mev。最早临床用于治疗前列腺癌骨转移，取得了一定的疗效，此后临床上不断沿用，近几年已广泛应用于缓解骨痛和对骨转移灶治疗。     

唑来膦酸联合89Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移的临床疗效

目的评估唑来膦酸联合89Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移的临床疗效。方法74例前列腺癌骨转移患者按简单随机分组方法分为3组:唑来膦酸联合89Sr治疗组（A组）25例,年龄46~87岁,中位年龄66岁;单独给予唑来膦酸治疗组（B组）25例,年龄43~89岁,中位年龄65岁;单独给予89Sr治疗组（C组）24例,年龄47~85岁,中位年龄66岁。其中,B组和C组为对照组。随访6个月,观察患者骨骼疼痛缓解情况和骨转移病灶数目改善情况。结果3组患者的基线特征相似。治疗后,A组总的疼痛缓解率为88.0%,B组和C组分别为72.0%和79.2%,A组疼痛缓解情况与B组和C组相比差异有统计学意义（χ2=8.959,P < 0.05）。A组骨转移病灶好转率为88.0%,B组和C组分别为44.0%和75.0%,A组病灶好转情况分别与B组、C组相比,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.096,P < 0.05）。结论唑来膦酸联合89Sr治疗前列腺癌骨转移较单独给药具有更好的缓解疼痛作用,89Sr治疗可有效减少骨转移病灶,提高患者的生活质量。     

Decreased serum E-selectin concentration after 89Sr-chloride therapy for metastatic prostate cancer bone pain.

Palliative systemic radionuclide therapy with 89Sr-chloride is a useful intervention for patients with bone pain from metastatic prostatic cancer. Although this radionuclide is highly effective, its mechanism of action remains unresolved. This investigation sought to determine whether systemic radionuclide therapy decreases the production of cell adhesion molecules (E-selectins) that participate in the metastatic process. METHODS: Sera were collected from 25 men with metastatic (stage IV) prostate carcinoma who received 89Sr-chloride palliative therapy and from 10 age-matched healthy volunteers. The serum concentration of E-selectin was quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sera from 5 patients who received 2 courses of radionuclide therapy were also included in the analysis. RESULTS: A 2.8-fold decrease in serum E-selectin concentration occurred within 2 mo of radionuclide therapy (P < 0.0001). At 10 mo, however, the concentration increased to a mean (+/- SD) of 151.2 +/- 51.3 ng/mL, surpassing the baseline concentration. This pattern coincided with symptomatic improvement and subsequent health status deterioration. For patients who received 2 courses of radionuclide therapy, a second fall in serum E-selectin concentration followed the second radionuclide treatment. CONCLUSION: A significant decrease in serum E-selectin concentration was observed after systemic radionuclide therapy. This finding suggests that expression of cell adhesion molecules, an important determinant of metastatic progression, may be inhibited by 89Sr-chloride.     

Usefulness of strontium-89 for bone pain palliation in metastatic breast cancer patients

Most studies of prostate cancer have shown that strontium-89 chloride (89Sr) is effective in the palliation of metastatic bone pain, refractory to conventional analgesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 89Sr for bone pain palliation in breast cancer patients. Forty women were treated with 148 MBq of 89Sr. Six patients were retreated, receiving two or more doses. The Karnofsky performance status was assessed and pain and analgesia were scored on scales of 9 and 5 points, respectively. The efficacy of 89Sr was evaluated at 3 months of treatment. The response was good in 60% of the patients and partial in 32%; there was no response in the remaining 8% (pre-treatment Karnofsky < or = 60). The duration of the response was 120+/-143 days. In the patients retreated, the response was good in 83% and partial in 17%, without significant differences compared with the first dose, but the pre-treatment Karnofsky and the duration of the efficacy were lower (P < 0.05). A transient and slight decrease of leukocyte and platelet counts after the first month of treatment with 59Sr was observed. In conclusion, breast cancer patients with metastatic bone pain can benefit from therapy with 89Sr. If necessary, the treatment may be repeated safely and with the same efficacy as is achieved after the first dose. A low functional performance status could be a cause of the lower effectiveness of 89Sr.     

EORTC QLQ-BM22 and QLQ-C30 quality of life scores in patients with painful bone metastases of prostate cancer treated with strontium-89 radionuclide therapy

Purpose

Approximately 80?% of patients with prostate cancer will develop bone metastases, which often lead to bone pain and skeletal-related events. Sr-89 is an established alternative for the palliation of bone pain in prostate cancer. We aimed to assess the effect of Sr-89 radionuclide therapy on quality of life (QOL) in prostate cancer patients with painful bone metastases.

Materials and methods

Thirteen patients received a single intravenous injection of Sr-89 at a dose of 2.0?MBq/kg. All patients underwent QOL evaluation prior to Sr-89 treatment and 1, 2, and 3?months afterward using the Japanese version of the EORTC QLQ-BM22, EORTC QLQ-C30, a VAS, and face scale. We also evaluated PSA and ALP response and toxicity of the Sr-89 therapy.

Results

The pain characteristics subscale of the EORTC QLQ-BM22 was significantly reduced from 1?month onward compared with the baseline. The functional interference and psychosocial aspects subscales were significantly higher than baseline from 2?months onward. At 2?months, VAS indicated a significant reduction in pain as compared to the baseline. Sr-89 therapy caused a nonsignificant reduction in PSA and ALP levels. No patients had leukocyte toxicity, and one patient had grade 3 platelet toxicity.

Conclusion

Sr-89 radionuclide therapy can provide not only reduced pain characteristics but also better psychosocial aspects and functional interference in patients with painful bone metastases of prostate cancer.     

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a patient treated with strontium-89 for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.

Strontium-89 is effective in the palliation of bone pain caused by skeletal metastases. Its primary side effect is mild thrombocytopenia that typically recovers in 3 or 4 months. Subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation is reported to be present in approximately 10% to 20% of patients with advanced prostate cancer. These patients may be at increased risk for severe marrow depression after radionuclide therapy for bone pain palliation. This report describes a patient with painful bony metastases resulting from prostate carcinoma. He had a normal platelet count and no clinical evidence of a coagulation disorder at the time of strontium-89 therapy, and a severe disseminated intravascular coagulation developed and lead to death after treatment. A normal platelet count before strontium-89 therapy does not preclude subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation, and we support the Society of Nuclear Medicine's bone pain treatment procedure guideline that patients referred for bone palliation should be screened for disseminated intravascular coagulation before therapy.     

Radium-223 dichloride in clinical practice: a review

The onset of skeletal metastases is typical of advanced-stage prostate cancer and requires a multidisciplinary approach to alleviate bone pain and try to delay disease progression. The current therapeutic armamentarium includes conventional analgesics, chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy, androgen-deprivation therapy, osteoclast inhibitors (bisphosphonates, denosumab), surgical interventions, external-beam radiotherapy and radionuclide metabolic therapy. Many studies in recent decades have demonstrated the efficacy of various radiopharmaceuticals, including strontium-89 and samarium-153, for palliation of pain from diffuse skeletal metastases, but no significant benefit in terms of disease progression and overall survival has been shown. The therapeutic landscape of metastatic skeletal cancer significantly changed after the introduction of radium-223, the first bone-homing radiopharmaceutical with disease-modifying properties. In this paper we extensively review the literature on the use of radium-223 dichloride in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.     

The palliative management of skeletal metastases in prostate cancer: use of bone-seeking radionuclides and bisphosphonates

In prostate cancer, the development of skeletal metastases is associated with a significant increase in morbidity, mainly because of severe bone pain, which eventually becomes refractory to conventional analgesia. Androgen ablation is the treatment of choice, but the majority of patients relapse within 2 to 3 years from initiation of treatment. After failure of hormone therapy, external-beam irradiation therapy is effective in the palliation of pain, but radionuclides represent an attractive and cost-effective alternative. Strontium 89 is currently the most commonly used radionuclide in the palliative management of prostate cancer metastatic to the skeleton. The rationale for the use of bisphosphonates in metastatic prostate cancer is not immediately obvious, given the predominantly osteoblastic nature of the metastatic process. The clinical use of these agents rests on a number of basic and clinical observations that provide ample evidence that, in prostate cancer, the metastatic process is associated with increased bone resorption. Evidence regarding the beneficial effects of bisphosphonates in reducing morbidity from metastatic prostate cancer is reasonably solid, although the choice of optimal bisphosphonate, mode of administration, dose, and duration of treatment must be determined in large, controlled studies before their widespread clinical use can be advocated. Available therapeutic modalities that use either radionuclides or bisphosphonates can effectively and safely be used in the palliative management of metastatic prostate cancer. Neither radionuclides nor bisphosphonates have been shown to prolong survival, but the potential of both agents to beneficially alter the metastatic process in prostate cancer is intriguing.     

Prostate cancer bone metastases confined to the distal left lower limb

Bone metastases from prostate cancer most commonly affect the axial and proximal appendicular skeleton with rare involvement of the distal limbs. We describe a case of multiple bone metastases confined to the left lower limb in a patient with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Following an initial post-operative PSA rise, the patient received a course of salvage radiotherapy to the pelvis, however, the PSA level continued to rise and two consequent staging CT scans were negative for local recurrence and metastatic disease. Subsequent development of left ankle pain and swelling led the patient to present to his General Practitioner, which triggered a series of imaging investigations that revealed isolated left lower limb bone metastases. This case report highlights the need to consider peripheral limb bone metastases in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, particularly in the setting of a negative staging CT scan and/or bone pain.     

Palliative analgesic effect of Re-186 HEDP in various cancer patients with bone metastases

The clinical picture of bone metastases is manifested by pain and loss of mechanical stability. Standard treatment options for bone metastases include external beam radiotherapy and the use of analgesics. Due to a large number of lesions in many patients, the use of radionuclide therapy with beta emitters may be preferable. Re-186 hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (Re-186 HEDP) is one of the radiopharmaceuticals suitable for palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain. The aim of this study was to investigate palliative and side effects of Re-186 HEDP in patients with different types of cancers. MATERIAL & METHOD: Thirty one (17 male, 14 female) patients with various cancers (10 prostate, 10 breast, 4 rectum, 5 lung, 2 nasopharynx) and bone metastases were included in the study. Therapy was started with a fixed dose of 1295 MBq of Re-186 HEDP. If necessary, the same dose was repeated at least 3 times after an interval of 10-12 weeks; A total of 40 standard doses were given; 6 patients received repeated doses (3 doses in 3 patients, 2 doses in 3 patients). The patients with bone marrow suppression were excluded from the study. The pain relief was assessed the Eastern Cooperative Oncologic Group (ECOG) and the Karnofsky status index. All patients were evaluated with standard evaluation forms filled in daily for a maximum of 10 weeks. RESULTS: The mean response rate was 87.5% in patients with breast and prostate cancer, 75% in patients with rectum cancer and 20% in patients with lung cancer. The overall response rate was 67.5%. The palliation period varied between 6 and 10 weeks, with a mean of 8.1+/-1.3 weeks. The maximal palliation effect was observed between the 3rd and 7th weeks. No serious side effects were seen except mild hematologic toxicity. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION: It is concluded that Re-186 HEDP is a highly effective agent in the palliation of metastatic bone pain in patients with prostate, breast and rectum cancer, but not effective in lung cancer. On the other hand, Re-186 seems to be a good alternative to Sr-89 because of its preferable physical characteristics (such as short half life and gamma energy emission), low side effect profile, early response and repeatability.