ISUP版Gleason评分在前列腺癌根治术后评分升级的影响因素分析

目的:探讨前列腺癌根治术后标本较前列腺穿刺活检标本Gleason评分升级的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年6月接受前列腺穿刺活检确诊为前列腺癌并行根治性切除的235例患者年龄、术前PSA、前列腺体积、PSA密度(PSAD)、穿刺至手术间隔时间、穿刺阳性针数、切缘情况、精囊侵犯、淋巴转移等指标,统计其穿刺和术后Gleason评分的差异。运用Logistic回归分析引起术后Gleason评分升级的危险因素。结果:164例患者纳入分析,其中术前穿刺与根治术后标本Gleason评分相符有95例(57.93%),术后上升55例(33.54%),下降14例(8.52%)。前列腺体积(P0.01)和穿刺评分(P0.05)是影响根治术后标本Gleason评分升级的独立预测因子,其中前列腺体积≤25 ml组其术后Gleason评分升高的风险是体积60 ml组的27倍(P0.05),前列腺体积25~40 ml组术后Gleason评分升高的风险是体积60 ml组的9倍(P0.05)。结论:穿刺Gleason评分≤6、小体积前列腺(≤40 ml),术后Gleason评分升级可能性大。     

前列腺穿刺单针阳性的临床特点

目的通过对前列腺穿刺单针阳性并行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术患者的临床资料进行分析,了解其临床特点及意义。方法收集我院2013年1月至2017年12月进行的1091例前列腺穿刺中穿刺单针阳性确诊为前列腺癌并行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的44例患者的临床、病理及随访资料进行分析,并对Gleason评分升级的相关因素进行分析。结果 44例单针穿刺阳性前列腺癌的根治标本中,以前列腺根治标本Gleason为标准,穿刺标本Gleason与其一致的有25例(56.8%),评分升高的有17例(38.6%),评分降低的有2例(4.5%),手术切缘阳性13例(29.5%);统计分析显示患者年龄、PSA、f PSA/TPSA、PSAD、前列腺体积与前列腺根治术后Gleason评分升级无明显相关。术后行内分泌治疗者均未发现生化复发,其余患者术后PSA均未升高。结论前列腺单针穿刺阳性者Gleason评分以低危为主,但根治术后Gleason评分升高的风险较高,肿瘤负荷存在被低估的可能,需引起临床重视,目前尚无有效的指标用于预测Gleason评分升级。     

前列腺癌术后病理较穿刺病理Gleason评分升高的相关因素

目的探讨影响前列腺癌术后病理Gleason评分较穿刺病理Gleason评分升高的相关因素。方法回顾性选择第二军医大学附属长海医院自2014年1月至2015年6月的102例前列腺癌根治术患者,收集可能影响Gleason评分升高的相关因素资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归筛选影响Gleason评分升高的因素。结果单因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺体积、PSA密度(PSAD)与直肠指诊(DRE)等相关指标无显著统计学意义(P0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示前列腺体积对于前列腺癌术后病理Gleason评分升级具有重要相关性(OR=0.981)。结论通过测量前列腺体积可预测前列腺癌术后病理Gleason评分较穿刺病理Gleason评分升高的可能,从而准确估算前列腺癌患者的实际Gleason评分,以便做出更有利的医疗决策。     

以前列腺特异抗原水平分组筛查与前列腺穿刺阳性率的关系

目的探讨不同血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平前列腺癌检出情况以及直肠指诊(DRE)、经直肠超声检查(TRUS)、PSA密度(PSAD)等指标对筛查前列腺穿刺活检病例的意义。方法回顾性分析在1996年4月至2002年12月间行TRUS引导前列腺6点系统穿刺活检的634例患者的诊断资料,对各PSA组(≤4.0,4.1~,10.1~和>20.0μg/L组)中前列腺癌的检出率,以及PSA、DRE、TRUS、PSAD等对前列腺癌的预测作用进行t检验、χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果PSA≤4.0,4.1~,10.1~和>20.0μg/L各组的前列腺癌检出率分别为11.6%(17/146),26.8%(38/142),39.8%(68/171)和68.6%(120/175)。PSA的敏感性最高(93.0%),特异性低(33.0%);DRE、TRUS等诊断效率较低。随血清PSA水平升高,前列腺癌检出率以及DRE、TRUS的阳性预测值逐渐升高;在PSA4.1~20.0μg/L者中,PSAD对前列腺癌有较大的预测价值(OR=687.09±646.96,P=0.000)。以PSAD≥0.13μg.L-1.cm-3为截点筛查前列腺穿刺病例,可在不明显降低敏感性的基础上,减少阴性穿刺。结论各PSA组国人与欧美等国前列腺癌检出率有较大差别;DRE、TRUS的筛查作用与血清PSA水平有关;按PSA水平分组筛查穿刺病例,可提高前列腺穿刺的阳性率。     

前列腺癌根治术后Gleason评分升级相关危险因素分析

目的探讨前列腺癌根治术后Gleason评分升级的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2014年8月至2016年9月175例行前列腺癌根治术患者的年龄、前列腺特异性抗原PSA、前列腺体积、穿刺阳性针数和穿刺癌组织最大占比等指标,统计穿刺与根治术后Gleason评分差异,并应用Logistic回归分析前列腺癌根治术后Gleason评分升级的危险因素。结果 175例患者中,44例(25.1%)出现术后病理Gleason评分较穿刺前升高。前列腺体积是前列腺癌根治术后Gleason评分升级的独立预测因素。结论前列腺体积较小的前列腺癌患者,术后Gleason评分发生升级的可能性较大。     

局限性前列腺癌腹腔镜根治性切除术术前与术后病理特征的比较

目的比较不同分组局限性前列腺癌患者术前与腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术后Gleason评分的变化,分析低危组Gleason评分升级的危险因素。方法回顾性分析了2009年1月至2019年1月我院局限性前列腺癌行腹腔镜前列腺根治性切除术患者的临床资料。收集患者的年龄、前列腺体积、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、组织活检针数、阳性针数、组织活检Gleason评分、cTNM、术后病理Gleason评分和pTNM,根据前列腺癌风险分级分组。结果本研究共纳入346例患者,低危组63例、中危组163例、高危组120例。术后出现Gleason评分升级的患者中低危组23例(35.93%)、中危组37例(22.70%)、高危组41例(34.17%)。低危组前列腺癌Gleason评分升级组与未升级组之间术前PSA水平、穿刺阳性率及前列腺体积差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低危组中前列腺体积小、术前PSA水平高是腹腔镜前列腺根治术后病理升级的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论术前穿刺病理与术后病理结果的Gleason评分相比术前穿刺病理的Gleason评分明显被低估;低危组中前列腺体积较小与术前PSA水平高的患者可能更适合手术治疗。     

血清PSA含量及前列腺PSA密度与经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的关系

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术前列腺癌检出率与血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及血清前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)的关系。方法对134例患者行经直肠超声引导下前列腺5区13针系统穿刺活检。根据PSA水平分为PSA≤4ng/ml组(7例)、4ng/mlPSA15ng/ml组(48例)及PSA≥15ng/ml组(79例)。测量并计算前列腺体积(PV)及PSAD,分析前列腺癌检出率及不同PSA、PSAD水平下对前列腺癌的诊断效能。比较前列腺癌与非前列腺癌患者PSA、PV及PSAD的差异。结果前列腺癌总检出率为50.75%(68/134),前列腺患者共68例(前列腺癌组),非前列腺癌患者共66例(非前列腺啊组)。PSA≤4ng/ml、4ng/mlPSA≤15ng/ml及PSA15ng/ml组前列腺癌检出率分别为14.29%(1/7)、20.83%(10/48)及72.15%(57/79),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PSA≥4ng/ml时前列腺癌检出率随着PSA值的增高而上升。134例患者PSAD值为(1.09±1.72)ng/(ml·cm3),以PSAD≥0.19ng/(ml·cm3)为截点诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为95.59%(65/68),特异度为51.52%(34/66),阳性预测值67.01%(65/97),阴性预测值为32.99%(32/97)。4ng/mlPSA≤15ng/ml组中,以PSAD≥0.19ng/(ml.cm3)为截点诊断前列腺癌的敏感度为80.00%(8/10),特异度为71.05%(27/38),阳性预测值为42.11%(8/19),阴性预测值为57.89%(11/19)。前列腺癌组PSA及PSAD值均高于非前列腺癌组(P均0.05),PV小于非前列腺癌组(P0.05)。4ng/mlPSA≤15ng/ml组中,前列腺癌与非前列腺癌患者PSA及PV差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),前列腺癌患者PSAD高于非前列腺癌患者(P0.05)。结论血清PSA及PSAD均与前列腺穿刺活检前列腺癌检出率有关,PSA15ng/ml应行穿刺活检,PSAD对4ng/mlPSA≤15ng/ml的患者是否应行穿刺活检具有指导意义。     

PSA、PSAD和PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的价值

目的 研究血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)及其密度(PSAD)和移行带密度(PSAT)在前列腺穿刺活检中的价值.方法 选取本院2014年5月至2015年5月收治的150例患者进行前列腺穿刺活检,分析并比较PSA、PSAD、PSAT在前列腺穿刺活检中的差异及其在确诊疾病方面的价值.结果 在前列腺穿刺活检的150例中发现PSA＜4 ng/mL有8例,4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL有66例,PSA ＞20 ng/mL有76例.其中在PSA＜4 ng/mL的8例中,活检结果良性前列腺增生6例,前列腺小细胞癌1例,前列腺横纹肌肉瘤1例.在4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL的66例中,活检结果诊断为前列腺癌增生患者54例,活检阳性率为81.8％,PSA平均值为(13.98±1.51) ng/mL,PSAD平均值为(0.32±0.18);PSAT平均值为(0.35±0.18);活检前列腺癌12例,活检阳性率为19.2％,PSA平均值为(14.29±1.48) ng/mL,PSAD平均值为(0.42±0.15),PSAT平均值为(0.82±0.15);将其分为良性前列腺增生组和前列腺癌组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).当PSAD ＞0.13或PSAT＞ 0.15时,前列腺癌的敏感性分别为92.86％和96.94％.在PSA＞ 20 ng/mL的76例中,前列腺癌有68例,活检阳性率89.47％.结论 在4 ng/mL≤PSA≤20 ng/mL时,PSAD和PSAT对前列腺增生和前列腺癌的鉴别诊断具有重要意义,其中又以PSAT更为准确;PSA＞ 20ng/mL时,应高度怀疑前列腺癌,及时确诊治疗.     

经直肠超声引导下重复穿刺活检在前列腺癌高危人群中的诊断价值(附45例分析)

目的探讨经直肠超声（TRUS）引导下重复穿刺活检在前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）升高或直肠指检阳性的前列腺癌（PCa）可疑人群中的诊断价值。方法在首次穿刺活检诊断为前列腺良性病变的45例Pca高危人群中开展TRUS引导下10点重复穿刺活检。平均年龄78（58-92）岁；45例患者PSA均大于2．6ng／ml，其中12例直肠指检异常。结果在45例前列腺重复穿刺的患者中，34例穿刺2次，8例穿刺3次，3例穿刺4次；确诊Pca 10例（22．2％），良性前列腺增生32例，慢性前列腺炎3例。结论在Pca高危人群中开展TRUS引导下重复穿刺可以提高Pca的诊断率。     

游离前列腺特异抗原百分比/前列腺特异抗原密度在前列腺癌诊断中的应用

目的探讨游离前列腺特异抗原百分比（FPSA／TPSA值）／前列腺特异抗原密度[（F／T）／PSAD值]在前列腺癌诊断中的意义。方法回顾分析204例行经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检患者的诊断资料,其中前列腺癌90例、良性前列腺增生114例,分析总PSA（TPSA）、FPSA／TPSA值、PSAD、（F／T）／PSAD值等指标在判断前列腺癌的敏感性为90％时的截点及相应的特异性。结果不同血清PSA水平（〈4．0,4．0～,10．1～和〉20．0μg／L）的前列腺癌患者的（F／T）／PSAD值与良性前列腺增生患者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;前列腺癌患者的（F／T）／PSAD值低于良性前列腺增生患者;（F／T）／PSAD值比FPSA／TPSA值和PSAD更有助于提高诊断特异性,在敏感性为90％左右的前提下,FPSA／TPSA值的特异性为31．6％,PSAD的特异性为45．6％,（F／T）／PSAD值的特异性为64．0％;PSA水平不同,取的（F／T）／PSAD值截点也不同：PSA〈4．0μg/L时截点为2．5,PSA为4．0～20．0μg／L时截点为0．8;PSA〉20．0μg／L时截点为0．5。结论应用（F／T）／PSAD值能够在保持较高敏感性的前提下,显著提高前列腺癌诊断的特异性。     

诊断性前列腺电切术对血清PSA异常患者的应用研究

目的:探讨诊断性前列腺电切(TURP)在前列腺增生合并血清PSA异常患者中的应用价值及意义,为临床处理前列腺增生合并血清PSA异常的患者提供一种新的手段。方法:收集符合入组标准的患者71例,总结病理为前列腺癌患者的Gleason评分及预后。对所有患者进行术后随访,检测其TURP术后6个月、1年的PSA值及IPSS评分,分析术后血清PSA值、IPSS的变化,评估TURP在前列腺增生伴血清PSA异常患者中的诊疗效果。结果:①40例前列腺穿刺活检阴性而血清PSA持续异常的患者中,2例术后病理示前列腺腺癌(2/40),Gleason评分为6分,另1例电切后病理示前列腺增生组织,但术后血清PSA持续异常(18μg/L),行2次活检,病理诊断为前列腺癌,Gleason评分6分,3例均行前列腺根治性切除术,术后随访恢复好。31例拒绝活检患者中术后病理示前列腺腺癌9例(9/31)。Gleason评分7⁹分,平均8分,1例行前列腺根治性切除术,8例行内分泌治疗。②59例病理诊断为良性前列腺增生(BPH),其中血清PSA恢复正常者56例,显著降低者3例,IPSS评分有明显改善53例,6例尿道狭窄经过尿扩处理后评分亦有改善。结论:诊断性TURP可提高前列腺癌的早期检出率,改善患者的下尿路症状,且有利于患者血清PSA持续正常化。对血清PSA异常(>4μg/L),伴有下尿路梗阻状态、前列腺穿刺活检阴性的患者可考虑行诊断性TURP。     

Prediction of extraprostatic cancer by prostate specific antigen density,endorectal MRI,and biopsy Gleason score in clinically localized prostate cancer

BACKGROUNDS: The present study was designed to identify the preoperative parameters, including PSA-based parameters, and endorectal MRI, predictive of pathological stage in males who underwent radical prostatectomy. METHODS: We studied 114 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Clinical stage was assessed by DRE, pelvic CT scan, endorectal MRI, and bone scan. The correlation between the preoperative parameters, including PSA-based parameters, clinical stage, and histological findings of biopsy specimens, and the pathological stage was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify a significant set of independent predictors for local extent of disease. RESULTS: Seventy-six (66.6%) patients had organ confined cancer and 38 (33.4%) patients had extraprostatic cancer. Of the 38 patients with extraprostatic cancer, four had seminal vesicle involvement, while, none had pelvic lymph node involvement. Biopsy Gleason score, PSA, PSA-alpha1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT), PSA-density (PSAD), PSA-transition zone density, PSA-ACT density, and PSA-ACT transition zone (TZ) density were significantly higher and percent free PSA was lower in the patients with organ confined cancer than those with extraprostatic cancer (P < 0.01). PSAD showed the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC) among those parameters (AUC = 0.732). Sixty-eight (74.7%) of 91 patients with T2 on endorectal MRI had organ confined cancer, while 15 (65.2%) of 23 patients with T3 had extraprostatic cancer (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Gleason score (> or =7 vs. < or =6), endorectal MRI findings, and PSAD were significant predictors of extraprostatic cancer (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that preoperative PSAD was the most valuable predictor among PSA-based parameters for extraprostatic disease in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. The combination of PSAD, endorectal MRI findings, and biopsy Gleason score can provide additional information for selecting appropriate candidates for radical prostatectomy.     

A study on parameters to predict tumor volume for stage T1c prostate cancers of Gleason score 6 or less

The number of cases of stage T1c prostate cancer has dramatically been increasing since the introduction of PSA as a screening test. The patients with T1c prostate cancer are usually treated by radical prostatectomy. In this group, however, some cancers are of small tumor volume and with a Gleason score of less than 7. These cancers are considered to be good candidates for watchful waiting management. We have investigated 40 patients with T1c prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy between 1996 and 1998. All 9 patients harboring tumors of Gleason score 7 or greater had tumors larger than 0.5 cm3. We have investigated PSA-related parameters including total PSA (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), free PSA, and % free PSA in 31 patients with T1c cancers of Gleason score 6 or less in order to clarify good preoperative predictors of tumor volume. We compared the distribution of PSA, PSAD, free PSA, and % PSA between the larger and smaller tumor groups. There was no significant difference in PSA, PSAD, or free PSA value. The small tumor group had a greater mean % free PSA than the larger tumor group (23.27 versus 11.88, p = 0.007). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.715, 0.794, 0.636, and 0.842 for PSA, PSAD, free PSA and % free PSA. In stage T1c prostate cancer of Gleason score 6 or less, % free PSA may be the most useful preoperative predictor for tumor volume of 0.5 cm3 or greater.     

前列腺癌根治术后Gleason评分升级的影响因素分析（基于2014版ISUP分组）

目的 在2014版ISUP分组的基础上,探讨前列腺癌根治术后Gleason升级的影响因素。方法 回顾性收集2016~2021年于新疆医科大学第一附属医院行前列腺癌根治术的临床数据189例,根据前列腺癌根治术后Gleason是否较前列腺穿刺时升高,分为Gleason升级组（GGU组）60例及Gleason非升级组（非GGU组）129例。单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归对比两组资料的差异。结果 单因素分析中穿刺肿瘤组织长度、Gleason主要区域评分及Gleason次要区域评分与GGU有关（P<0.05）,多因素Logistic回归后,高血压病史（OR=2.651）、Gleason主要区域评分（OR=4.186）、穿刺肿瘤组织长度（OR=10.989）及穿刺阳性率（OR=3.684）与GGU有关（P<0.05）。结论 高血压病史、穿刺标本Gleason主要区域评分、标本中肿瘤组织长度及穿刺阳性率可能与GGU的风险相关。     

Does prostate biopsy Gleason score accurately express the biologic features of prostate cancer?

PURPOSE: To correlate Gleason grading in prostate biopsies with the final Gleason score in radical prostatectomy specimens, and to investigate predictors for concordance and preoperative undergrading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts of 303 patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy between 1992 and 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Prostate biopsy and surgical specimen Gleason scores and correlative clinical data were recorded, and a multivariate analysis model was applied. RESULTS: Data were available in 293 cases (97%). The preoperative biopsy predicted the prostatectomy Gleason score accurately in 51% and undergraded them in 41% of the patients. Accuracy rates were significantly higher for Gleason scores 7-10 compared to low Gleason scores (2-4), concordance 90% and 6%, respectively (P < 0.01). Moreover, accuracy rates were higher in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) higher than 10 ng/ml (85% vs. 40%; P < 0.01) and prostate glands smaller than 55 g (68% vs. 38%; P < 0.01). In 233 patients, the biopsy Gleason score did not include 4 or 5 components. Upgrading to 4 or 5 in 1 of the components was noted in 32 patients (14%). Multivariate analysis revealed that upgrading is associated with preoperative serum PSA (odds ratio 1.05; P < 0.05) and the percentage of positive cores in the biopsy (odds ratio 1.47; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Biopsy Gleason scores of 2-4, low PSA, and a low percentage of positive cores in the biopsy can predict the biopsy driven biologically significant undergrading of 1 of the components of the Gleason score that may adversely affect therapeutic decisions.     

血清PSA检测应用前后前列腺癌患者临床特点分析

目的评价北京友谊医院开展PSA检测前后前列腺癌患者的临床诊疗特点。方法回顾295例前列腺癌患者的临床资料,分析患者年龄、前列腺总体积、临床症状、临床分期、肿瘤Gleason分级以及治疗方法。PSA检测方法应用之前组117例（A组）,PSA检测应用之后组178例（B组）,采用t检验及X^2检验分析变量之间的相关性。结果与A组相比较,B组确诊为前列腺癌的患者平均年龄增加（P〈0.01）,前列腺总体积增大（P〈0.01）,肿瘤分期中位于晚期的肿瘤（T3＋T4期）的患者比例增加（P〈0.01）。Gleason分级5-7分的中分化肿瘤比例增加,接受前列腺癌根治手术比例增加（P〈0.01）,而接受去势手术比例减少（P〈0.01）。以下尿路症状为主诉的患者比例两组均较高。站论PSA检测应用后确诊前列腺癌患者的年龄趋于老年化,肿瘤恶性度增高,前列腺总体积增大,但肿瘤分化趋向于较高Gleason评分。早期应用PSA检测能够提高临床前列腺癌的早期诊断率。     

Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: high incidence of lymph node metastasis

PURPOSE: Lymphadenectomy for prostate cancer is limited to obturator and external iliac lymph nodes, although the internal lymph nodes represent the primary landing zone of lymphatic drainage. We performed anatomically adequate extended pelvic lymphadenectomy to assess the incidence of lymph node metastasis in cases of clinically localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 103 consecutive patients underwent extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at radical retropubic prostatectomy comprising 9 selective fields, namely the external iliac, internal iliac, obturator and common iliac lymph nodes bilaterally, and the presacral lymph nodes. Histopathological findings were compared with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), histopathological stage, preoperative biopsy and postoperative prostatectomy Gleason score. Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy was compared with radical retropubic prostatectomy and standard lymphadenectomy in 100 consecutive patients in terms of complications, the number of lymph nodes dissected and operative time. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, preoperative PSA or mean biopsy Gleason score in patients who underwent extended pelvic and standard lymphadenectomy. Metastases were diagnosed in 27 of the 103 patients (26.2%) who underwent the extended procedure. A mean of 28 lymph nodes (range 21 to 42) were dissected. Metastases were identified in the internal iliac and presacral regions despite negative obturator lymph nodes. Of the 27 patients 1 to 3 lymph nodes involved with metastasis were detected in 15, 9 and 1, respectively. In 26 of the 27 patients (95.8%) with lymph node metastasis PSA was greater than 10.5 ng./ml. and preoperative biopsy Gleason sum was 7 or greater. A low risk of 2% for lymph node disease was noted in patients with serum PSA less than 10.5 ng./ml. and biopsy Gleason sum less than 7. There were no significant differences in regard to intraoperative and postoperative complications, lymphocele formation or blood loss in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy is associated with a high rate of lymph node metastasis outside of the fields of standard lymphadenectomy in cases of clinically localized prostate cancer. Lymphadenectomy including the internal iliac lymph nodes should be performed in all patients with prostate cancer who are at high risk for lymph node involvement, as indicated by PSA greater than 10.5 ng./ml. and biopsy Gleason sum 7 or greater. In the low risk group pelvic lymphadenectomy can be omitted.     

Clinical significance of nonpalpable prostate cancer with favorable biopsy features in Japanese men

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical significance of nonpalpable localized prostate cancers with relatively favorable six sextant biopsy features in Japanese men. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 136 nonpalpable prostate cancers of which biopsy features confined to (1) a Gleason score of 6 or less, (2) one or two positive cores per six sextant cores, and (3) 50% or less involvement of any positive core were collected. The Gleason score, tumor extension, and cancer volume were compared with preoperative serum PSA and PSA density for the patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. PSA doubling time was measured for the patients who were treated expectantly. RESULTS: Treatments chosen for 136 patients with favorable biopsy features were radical prostatectomy alone for 48 and with preoperative androgen deprivation for 30, radiation to the prostate for 12, androgen deprivation therapy for 21, and watchful waiting for 25. Of 48 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy without androgen deprivation therapy, 25% had nonorgan-confined cancers. Seven cancers (14.6%) were Gleason score of 7, but no cancers were 8 or greater. Among 42 prostatectomy specimens for which cancer volume was measured, 22 (52.4%) had cancer volume >0.5 cm(3). Pretreatment serum PSA levels were correlated neither with the Gleason score, tumor extension nor cancer volume. There was only one nonorgan-confined cancer in the 23 cancers for which PSA density was <0.2 ng/ml/g. The ability of PSA density to predict cancer volume <0. 5 cm(3) was 0.61 using a cut-off of 0.2 ng/ml/g. Of the 25 patients treated expectantly, the PSA doubling time was less than 2 years for 3 patients, while it was stable or fluctuated for 13. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor extension can be predicted based on PSA density in nonpalpable prostate cancer with favorable biopsy features, but predictability of cancer volume based on PSA or PSA density is not satisfactorily high. New parameters or biomarkers that complement needle biopsy findings are needed to predict clinical significance of T1c prostate cancer with favorable biopsy features.     

经腹膜外途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的临床疗效观察及并发症处理分析(附15例报告)

目的:探讨经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术(LRP)中及术后并发症的处理对策。方法:局限性前列腺癌患者15例,年龄60~78岁,平均67岁。前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)为8.6~37.4μg/L。TNM分期均≤T2CN0M0。所有患者术前均行经直肠前列腺穿刺活检,病理明确诊断证实为前列腺癌,15例患者均行经腹膜外途径LRP。结果:15例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间170~410min,平均(230±90)min;术中出血量为420~1 100ml,平均(500±220)ml,术中输血2例均为出血量800ml。术后病理结果:切缘阳性1例,Gleason评分≤6分的患者4例,7分的患者7例,≥8分的患者4例。所有患者均于术后2周拔除导尿管,1例术后出现轻度尿失禁,经提肛训练等辅助治疗1个月后尿失禁痊愈,能自主排尿。1例患者出现出现尿道直肠瘘,给予留置尿管3个月、半流质饮食,3个月后肠漏消失,拔除尿管痊愈;15例患者均定期随访,随访至今;术后3个月时PSA0.001~0.080μg/L,平均(0.040±0.016)μg/L,无一例生化复发。结论:经腹膜外途径LRP安全、有效,对膀胱颈分离、前列腺游离及后尿道吻合技术、技巧的提高可以明显缩短手术时间及术后并发症的发生。